Interação genótipo ambiente sobre características reprodutivas de fêmeas da raça Nelore

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

Estudo da interação genótipo-ambiente em rebanhos da raça Nelore na Amazônia Legal

Dados de pesos padronizados aos 120 (P120), 210 (P210), 450 (P450) dias de idade, perímetro escrotal aos 450 dias de idade (PE450) e idade ao primeiro parto (IPP), de 211.744 registros de animais Nelore, provenientes de fazenda localizadas na região da Amazônia Legal, foram utilizados na análise. O efeito da interação genótipo-ambiente foi estudado por meio de estimativas de herdabilidade e de correlações entre classificações, comparando os animais da Amazônia Legal com a base geral de animais do PMGRN – Nelore Brasil. As análises bi-característica consideraram o P120 como característica-âncora, com P210, P450 e PE450. O modelo de análise considerou grupo de contemporâneos de P120, P210, P450 e da classe de idade da vaca ao parto (CIVP) como efeitos fixos e os efeitos aleatórios genéticos aditivos diretos, maternos e residuais. Nas análises de P120 com P450 e com PE450 foi desconsiderado o efeito materno no modelo. A covariância aditivo-materna foi fixada em zero, conforme protocolo estabelecido nas análises do PMGRN – Nelore Brasil. A característica IPP foi analisada separadamente, em análise de característica única e considerando como efeito fixo o GCIPP e como aleatórios os efeitos aditivos genéticos e residual. Para realizar a comparação entre classificações, por meio do procedimento PROC CORR opção spearman do SAS. As estimativas de herdabilidade para P120, P210, P450, PE450 e IPP nos dados da Amazônia Legal foram: 0,20 a 0,49; 0,21; 0,48; 0,45 e 0,21, respectivamente, e nos dados gerais do PMGRN – Nelore Brasil foram: 0,23; 0,25; 0,34; 0,43 e 0,11, respectivamente. As correlações entre classificações de rank para P120, P210, P450, PE450 e IPP foram iguais a 0,77; 0,79; 0,82; 0,78 e 0,38, respectivamente. As análises da interação genótipo-ambiente evidenciaram maiores efeitos sobre os aspectos maternos, de peso ao sobreano e IPP, enquanto que as correlações entre classificações mostraram fortes evidências de interação genótipo-ambiente em quase todas as características estudadas.

Interação genótipo-ambiente para peso ao sobreano na raça Canchim

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Interação genotipo-ambiente para idade ao primeiro parto, perímetro escrotal e peso ao sobreano em bovinos da raça Nelore utilizando normas de reação

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

Adaptabilidade na produção de massa verde e grãos de genótipos de milho no Tocantins

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo da interação genótipo ambiente em búfalos leiteiros do Brasil e da Colômbia

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Productivity, stability and adaptability in open pollination progenies of Eucalyptus urophylla ST Blake

Prediction of genetic gains within breeding programs is not always compatible with those observed in practice. One reason for this inconsistency is the lack of knowledge of genotype-environment interaction (GxE). The aim of this study was to estimate genetic variation, evaluate the GxE, investigate the genetic correlation between pairs of environments and for the set, and to study the productivity, stability and adaptability at 2 years of age for diameter at breast height (DBH) in five progenies trials of Eucalyptus urophylla, used in a randomized complete block design, with the number of progenies ranging from 138 to 167, four to eight blocks and five to six plants per plot. Estimates of variance components and genetic parameters were obtained using the REML/BLUP method. For analysis of productivity, stability and adaptability, the HMRPGV method was used. The highest DBH growth was observed in Anhembi (10.52 cm) and Uberaba (10.20 cm). Estimates considered high were obtained for the coefficient of individual additive genetic variation (>13.3%) and average heritability among progenies (>0.40), indicating the possibility of obtaining genetic gains by selection among progenies. The coefficient of determination of the GxE was 1.7%, a fact that led to a high value of genotypic correlation between the performance of the progenies and environments (78.1%), indicating that the interaction is simple. The first six progenies showed a coincidence of 100% in the order of stability (HMGV), adaptability (RPGV) and productivity (HMRPGV), being 13% higher than the overall mean of five experiments (9.21 cm). When ordering the progenies, the selection of the 20 best in growth led to an increase in gain ranging of from 10.4 to 70%. Anhembi is the ideal place to have a breeding population which will be good in the other places as well.

Comparação entre modelos de análise genômica utilizando dados simulados e dados reais em ovinos

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

Caracterización de poblaciones nativas de maíz mediante Análisis de Procrustes Generalizado y Análisis Factorial Múltiple

El establecimiento de relaciones entre taxones es un paso esencial en el proceso de catalogación y evaluación del material conservado en un Banco de Germoplasma. Existen distintos métodos de evaluación en función del tipo de caracteres estudiados. Cuando el registro de caracteres se repite en el tiempo y en distintos ambientes, se debe separar la variabilidad intrínsecamente genética entre los taxones de aquella que se debe al ambiente, y más aún, de la posible variabilidad debida a la interacción genotipo*ambiente para el posterior establecimiento de relaciones puramente filogenéticas. En el presente trabajo se estudia comparativamente la factibilidad de aplicación de dos estrategias de análisis estadístico para dar solución a este problema. La primera corresponde al análisis tradicional donde se realiza un Análisis de Componentes Principales sobre los caracteres promedios a lo largo de los diferentes ambientes; y la segunda son métodos más complejos en los cuales cada dato es originado por tres modos: individuos, variables y condiciones ambientales, tales como el Análisis Factorial Múltiple y el Análisis de Procrustes Generalizado. Si bien las configuraciones resultantes fueron todas equivalentes, los métodos de tres vías permiten la interpretación de la interacción genotipo*ambiente.

Efecto de la interacción genotipo-ambiente sobre la expresión del contenido de allicina y ácido pirúvico en ajo (Allium sativum L.)

La expresión de la intensidad del flavor en los bulbos de ajo (Allium sativum L.), depende tanto de factores genéticos como ambientales. Las características organolépticas se manifiestan por la presencia de compuestos organoazufrados, específicamente tiosulfinatos, siendo el representante mayoritario la allicina (diallil tiosulfinato). El ácido pirúvico constituye un producto secundario de la reacción enzimática generadora del flavor, por lo que su medición se asocia a la intensidad de pungencia en ajo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar si la variabilidad en el contenido de allicina y pirúvico está más asociada a las características genéticas o a la influencia de las regiones de cultivo. Se seleccionaron cuatro cultivares (Castaño INTA, Sureño INTA, Lican INTA y Unión) pertenecientes al banco de germoplasma del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) La Consulta, Mendoza, Argentina, cultivados en diferentes zonas geográficas: La Consulta (Dpto. San Carlos, Mendoza), Esquel (Chubut) y Ushuaia (Tierra del Fuego). Se cuantificó la allicina mediante Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución (HPLC) y pungencia mediante espectrofotometría. A partir del análisis estadístico de los valores obtenidos se puede inferir que existen diferencias significativas en el contenido de allicina y pirúvico entre distintas cultivares de una misma zona y en el contenido de allicina y pirúvico para la misma cultivar en distintas zonas.

High frequency of sex and equal frequencies of mating types in natural populations of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila.

In ciliate protists, sex involves the temporary joining of two cells of compatible mating type, followed by meiosis and exchange of gametic nuclei between conjugants. Reproduction is by asexual binary fission following conjugation. For the many ciliates with fixed multiple mating types, frequency-dependent sex-ratio theory predicts equal frequencies of mating types, if sex is common in nature. Here, we report that in natural populations of Tetrahymena thermophila sexually immature cells, indicative of recent conjugation, are found from spring through fall. In addition, the seven mating types occur in approximately equal frequencies, and these frequencies appear to be maintained by interaction between complex, multiple mat alleles and environmental conditions during conjugation. Such genotype-environment interaction determining mating type frequency is rare among ciliates.

The effects of density on the growth and survival of different families of juvenile Penaeus japonicus Bate

Variations in the growth and survival of six families of juvenile (initial mean weight = 4.16 g) Penaeus japonicus were examined at two densities (48 and 144 individuals m(-2)) in a controlled laboratory experiment. Survival was very high throughout the experiment (95.4%), but differed significantly between densities and rearing tanks. Family, sex and family x density interaction did not significantly affect survival. Mean specific growth rate (SGR) of the shrimp was 18% faster at the low density (1.93 +/- 0.05% day(-1)) than at high density (1.64 +/- 0.03% day(-1)). However, there was a small but significant interaction between family and density indicating that growth of the families was not consistent at both densities. The inconsistent growth of the families across the two densities resulted in a change in the relative performance (ranking) of families at each density. Sex, rearing tank and rearing cage also affected growth of the shrimp. Mean SGR of the females (1.79 +/- 0.03% day(-1)) was 5% faster than males (1.70 +/- 0.03% day(-1)) when averaged across both densities. Shrimp grew significantly faster in rearing tank 3 than rearing tank 1 or 2 at both densities. Results of the present study suggest that family x density interaction could affect the efficiency of selection for growth if shrimp stocks produced from shrimp breeding programs are to be grown across a wide range of densities. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A genetically informed study of the processes underlying the association between parental marital instability and offspring adjustment

Parental divorce is associated with problematic offspring adjustment, but the relation may be due to shared genetic or environmental factors. One way to test for these confounds is to study offspring of twins discordant for divorce. The current analyses used this design to separate the mechanisms responsible for the association between parental divorce, experienced either before or after the age of 16, and offspring well-being. The results were consistent with a causal role of divorce in earlier initiation of sexual intercourse and emotional difficulties, in addition to a greater probability of educational problems, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation. In contrast, the increased risk for cohabitation and earlier initiation of drug use was explained by selection factors, including genetic confounds.

Interação genótipo-ambiente na densidade de gemas e comprimento de ramos de pessegueiro

The instability of environment between years in climates of subtropical regions difficult to obtain peach trees genotypes with wide adaptation and stable production, contributing to poor crop. The climate instability can affect development stages as flower bud and vegetative bud formation. The factors understanding that control the bud formation, presents elementary importance for effective solutions search to these problems. The objective this work is verify the temperature effect, relative humidity and rainfall on bud density and length shoot (Brindilas) and identify genotypes with more adaptability and stability for this character. Was used 12 peach trees genotypes growing in experimental orchard in the Technology Federal of Paraná State University, Campus Pato Branco with Cfa Köppen climate according to the classification. Data of rainfall, hourly temperature were collected by the weather station of Simepar. They were used three plants for genotype (rehearsal), identify five shoots per tree, in May of each year. Were carried analyzes of length shoot CR (cm), count number of flower bud (GF) and vegetative bud (GV). Also calculated the relationship between GF/GV and flower bud density and vegetative bud density. Evaluations were performer annual 2007-2014. With these data adaptability and stability analyzes were performed using Biplot methodology and correlations analyzes (Pearson) with climates variables. They used the weather data to calculate the sums of hours with temperatures below 20 °C, temperatures between 20-25 °C, temperature between 25-30 °C and temperature above 30 °C, considering the period of August 1fst of the previous period to February 28 of the following year. Pearson correlation coefficients were used for path analysis, GF and DGF as basic variables. For CR, GV and GF the highest average occurred in 2009/10 period. The genotypes ‘BRS Kampai’ and ‘BRS Libra’ highest CR. They are considered stable and adapted as the CR genotypes ‘Casc. 967’ and ‘BRS Kampai’. There was negative correlation between CR and GV for Σh <20 ° C, Σh> 30 °C and Σh with URA <50% and positive correlation between these variables and Σh 25-30 °C and Σh with URA> 70%. The evaluation of GV ‘Cons. 681’ and ‘Casc. 1055’ can be considered adapted and stable. The lowest average was presented by the genotype ‘Sta. Áurea’ though the genotype is also stable. In GF evaluation genotypes are considered adapted ‘BRS Bonão’, ‘Casc. 1055’, ‘Cons. 681’ with adaptability to all evaluated period. In path analysis was direct effect Σh 25-30 °C on flower bud density. In evaluating DGV and DGF and the variations are due to genetic effect. The most adapted and stable genotypes for DGV were ‘T. Beauty’, ‘T. Snow’, ‘Casc. 1055’ and ‘Cons. 681’. CR and GV variables are strongly affected by environment. GF is strongly affected by genetic conditions and moderately affected by environment. DGV and DGF are affected basically by genetic conditions.

Genetic parameters and investigation of genotype x environment interactions in Nellore x Hereford crossbred for resistance to cattle ticks in different regions of Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)