Valutazione degli effetti dei processi tecnologici sulla resistenza al pitting in soluzione salina di acciao aisi 316L saldato

L'obiettivo di questa tesi è lo studio del comportamento a corrosione per pitting dell’acciaio inox AISI 316L saldato TIG e sottoposto a differenti cicli di laminazione e di ripristino del film passivo.

Confronto tra dati telerilevati ad alta e media risoluzione geometrica (worldview e aster) per lo studio degli effetti dell' intrusione salina sulla vegetazione

Lo studio utilizza dati a media risoluzione e ad alta risoluzione per analizzare la condizione di stress a cui viene sottoposta la vegetazione a seguito del fenomeno dell'intrusione salina nell'acquifero sottostante.

Petrografia e geochimica delle vulcaniti del Monte dei Porri di Salina (Isole Eolie)

E’ stata indagata dal punto di vista stratigrafico, geochimico e petrografico la successione di vulcaniti appartenenti alle formazioni Rocce di Barcone (Tufi Grigi dei Porri o Grey Porri Tuffs – GPT), Punta Sallustro, Punta di Megna e Serro dello Sciarato (Lucchi et al., 2013a, b), riferibili all’Epoca Eruttiva 5 (~70 - 57 ka) dell’evoluzione vulcanologica dell’isola Salina (isole Eolie), durante la quale si realizza l’edificazione della porzione medio-basale dello stratocono del Monte dei Porri. Attraverso un approccio basato sull’integrazione e correlazione di metodologie stratigrafiche, petrografiche e geochimiche si è giunti ad una ricostruzione dei meccanismi eruttivi, deposizionali e petrogenetici che sottendono la successione di eventi vulcanici responsabili dell’edificazione dello stratocono suddetto. Utilizzando l’analisi di litofacies si è giunti, anche attraverso le correlazioni stratigrafiche estese sull’isola di Lipari, alla definizione di cinque unità eruttive (EU1-EU5), rappresentanti il riferimento stratigrafico per la campionatura necessaria per caratterizzarle sia petrograficamente che geochimicamente. Il significato vulcanologico delle EU1-5 ha permesso di evidenziare che il Monte dei Porri è costituito, in larga parte, da un’articolata alternanza di depositi da caduta e da correnti piroclastiche (formati sia da pomici che da scorie), alla quale si intercalano colate laviche; all’interno dell’unità i prodotti analizzati evidenziano composizione dei magmi da trachi-dacitica (EU1), a basaltica e andesitico basaltica (EU2), a francamente andesitico basaltica (EU3); quest’ultima composizione caratterizza la EU4 (che evolve anche verso termini andesitici), e la EU5. In conclusione, l’integrazione di tutti i dati (stratigrafici, petrografici e geochimici) permette di affermare che l’attività vulcanica responsabile della messa in posto delle EU1-5 cominci con una fase di apertura del condotto eruttivo (fase esplosiva pliniana) accompagnata dall’emissione dei magmi più evoluti (EU1), residenti al top di una camera magmatica zonata. Ad essa presumibilmente segue il coinvolgimento dei livelli più profondi del reservoir magmatico dove risiedono i magmi più mafici (EU2 e EU3). La ripresa dell’attività vulcanica (dopo una stasi durante il quale i magmi mafici evolvono verso composizioni mediamente evolute) vede infatti l’emissione di prodotti andesitici (EU4) seguita da magmi meno evoluti (EU5) che porta ad un progressivo svuotamento del sistema.

Induced β-Carotene Synthesis Driven by Triacylglycerol Deposition in the Unicellular Alga Dunaliella bardawil1

Under stress conditions such as high light intensity or nutrient starvation, cells of the unicellular alga Dunaliella bardawil overproduce β-carotene, which is accumulated in the plastids in newly formed triacylglycerol droplets. We report here that the formation of these sequestering structures and β-carotene are interdependent. When the synthesis of triacylglycerol is blocked, the overproduction of β-carotene is also inhibited. During overproduction of β-carotene no up-regulation of phytoene synthase or phytoene desaturase is observed on the transcriptional or translational level, whereas at the same time acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the key regulatory enzyme of acyl lipid biosynthesis, is increased, at least in its enzymatic activity. We conclude that under normal conditions the carotenogenic pathway is not maximally active and may be appreciably stimulated in the presence of sequestering structures, creating a plastid-localized sink for the end product of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway.

Uptake of HCO3− and CO2 in Cells and Chloroplasts from the Microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Dunaliella tertiolecta1

Mass-spectrometric disequilibrium analysis was applied to investigate CO2 uptake and HCO3− transport in cells and chloroplasts of the microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which were grown in air enriched with 5% (v/v) CO2 (high-Ci cells) or in ambient air (low-Ci cells). High- and low-Ci cells of both species had the capacity to transport CO2 and HCO3−, with maximum rates being largely unaffected by the growth conditions. In high- and low-Ci cells of D. tertiolecta, HCO3− was the dominant inorganic C species taken up, whereas HCO3− and CO2 were used at similar rates by C. reinhardtii. The apparent affinities of HCO3− transport and CO2 uptake increased 3- to 9-fold in both species upon acclimation to air. Photosynthetically active chloroplasts isolated from both species were able to transport CO2 and HCO3−. For chloroplasts from C. reinhardtii, the concentrations of HCO3− and CO2 required for half-maximal activity declined from 446 to 33 μm and 6.8 to 0.6 μm, respectively, after acclimation of the parent cells to air; the corresponding values for chloroplasts from D. tertiolecta decreased from 203 to 58 μm and 5.8 to 0.5 μm, respectively. These results indicate the presence of inducible high-affinity HCO3− and CO2 transporters at the chloroplast envelope membrane.

Memoria descriptiva de la villa de la Malaha, su baño y salina; historia natural y general de la misma; análisis de sus aguas minerales; enfermedades y epocas en que podrá ser conveniente su uso /

Esta memoria corresponde con ligeras variantes al no 988 de la Sección impresos.

Proceedings of the Workingmen's state convention in the town of Salina, August 25, 1830.

At head of title: The Auburn free press, extra. Auburn, August 28, 1830.

Hearing to review the state of agriculture in Kansas : hearing before the Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities and Risk Management of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, June 5, 2007, Salina, KS.

Shipping list no.: 2009-0314-P.

Lâminas de água salina e doses de adubação orgânica na produção de palma Miúda adensada no semiárido

Cactus pear is an important forage for livestock in semi-arid region of Brazil, due to its adaptation to climate conditions in this region, high productivity and nutritional value. The yield of this cactus has positively responded to techniques such as planting density, fertilization and cutting managements, however, in Rio Grande do Norte State, only certain areas have favorable climate conditions to the development of this crop. Drip irrigation, with a small amount of water, has proven to be an alternative to the viability of cactus pear cultivation in these areas. The research aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of saline water and manure organic fertilization on the morphological characteristics and production of fresh and dry matter of the prickly-pear cactus cv. Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dick) in a dense planting system. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Terras Secas (EMPARN), Pedro Avelino, latitude 5°31'21" South and longitude 36°23'14" West. The soil was classified as Typical Cambisol Haplicum Carbonate and the water used in irrigation, C4S1T3 (5,25 dS.m-1), with planting spacing of 2.0 x 0.25 m (20,000 plants ha-1). A completely randomized design in a split plot was used, where water levels (0, 7.5, 15.0 and 30.0 mm month-1) with 10 days intervals, were the main plots and organic fertilization (0 , 25 and 50 Mg ha-1 yr-1) the subplots, with four replicates. The measured morphological characteristics were number of cladodes, height and volume of the plant; length, width, perimeter, thickness, area and cladodes area index, fresh and dry matter production, dry matter content, water use efficiency (WUE) and damage promoted by cochineal pest (Diaspis echinocacti) and soft rot (Erwinia carotovora). There was no influence (P>0.05) of organic fertilization on most variables, particularly in relation to the production of fresh and dry matter. The water levels had a significant influence (P<0.05) on most variables, promoting higher height and volume of the plants, larger and thicker cladodes, and increase on fresh and dry matter production (13.55 Mg DM ha-1 yr-1). The absence of irrigation caused a significant expansion in plant damage caused by the cochineal pest and when irrigated with different water levels there was an increase in damage and stand loss, caused by soft rot, been more intense at the higher water level.

Growth dependent silencing and resetting of DGA1 transgene in Nannochloropsis salina

Here we report recombinant expression and activity of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase DGA1 functioning in parallel with the native Nannochloropsis salina genes. Expression of DGA1 shifted the chain length distribution of fatty acids produced and reflected an oleoyl-CoA substrate preference. Effect on the total FAME content was moderate and elevated by a maximum of 38%. Expression of the DGA1 transgene varied throughout the culture life cycle and evidence of growth dependent environmental silencing of the transgene was observed. This is to our knowledge the first example of silencing and subsequent resetting in a transgenic microalga. Results from this study add valuable insights into the efficacy of algal genetic engineering and use of these microorganisms as bio-platforms for chemical manufacture.