Blends of babassu, palm kernal and coconut mame with fossil kerosene: low carbon number methyl esters as a possible source for renewable jet fuel

Three different oils: babassu, coconut and palm kernel have been transesterified with methanol. The fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) have been subjected to vacuum fractional distillation, and the low boiling point fractions have been blended with fossil kerosene at three different proportions: 5, 10 and 20% vol.

Blends of babassu, palm kernel and coconut fame with fossil kerosene. Technical aspects of low carbon number methyl esters as a possible source for renewable jet fuel

State of the Art. Process and Distillation. Fuel Characterization. Fuel Compatibility Tests

Airplane materials compatibility with blends of fossil kerosene jet a1 with biokerosenes from babassu, palm kernel and coconut oils

El desarrollo de bioqueroseno de diferentes orígenes y su uso creciente, hacen necesario el estudio de la compatibilidad estos nuevos combustibles con los materiales y recubrimientos con los que se encuentra en contacto. Por tanto, el presente proyecto estudia la compatibilidad de los bioquerosenos mezclados en diferentes proporciones con queroseno mineral, para evaluar posteriormente su compatibilidad con diferentes polímeros y composites presentes en la estructura de un avión.Currently there is a big interest to increase the sources of alternative fuels for aviation to get a reduction of their carbon footprint and the deep energetic dependence from fossil fuels of different countries. Although there are studies about how to produce this alternative fuel and how to accomplish the standards for a good performance in the aircraft turbines, there are no studies about how these fuels could affect the different materials of airplanes. In this context this work describes the compatibility of biokerosene blends of coconut, babassu and palm kernel with commercial Jet A-1 testing airplane polymeric materials, metals and composites. As a conclusion, all material samples show a good compatibility with the fuel blends tested.

Protein Phosphorylation during Coconut Zygotic Embryo Development1

Evidence was obtained on the occurrence of protein threonine, serine, and tyrosine (Tyr) kinases in developing coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) zygotic embryos, based on in vitro phosphorylation of proteins in the presence of [γ-32P]ATP, alkaline treatment, and thin-layer chromatography analysis, which showed the presence of [32P]phosphoserine, [32P]phosphothreonine, and [32P]phosphotyrosine in [32P]-labeled protein hydrolyzates. Tyr kinase activity was further confirmed in extracts of embryos at different stages of development using antiphosphotyrosine monoclonal antibodies and the synthetic peptide derived from the amino acid sequence surrounding the phosphorylation site in pp60src (RR-SRC), which is specific for Tyr kinases. Anti-phosphotyrosine western blotting revealed a changing profile of Tyr-phosphorylated proteins during embryo development. Tyr kinase activity, as assayed using RR-SRC, also changed during embryo development, showing two peaks of activity, one during early and another during late embryo development. In addition, the use of genistein, a Tyr kinase inhibitor, diminished the ability of extracts to phosphorylate RR-SRC. Results presented here show the occurrence of threonine, serine, and Tyr kinases in developing coconut zygotic embryos, and suggest that protein phosphorylation, and the possible inference of Tyr phosphorylation in particular, may play a role in the coordination of the development of embryos in this species.

A model for acoustic absorbent materials derived from coconut fiber

In the present paper, a methodology is proposed for obtaining empirical equations describing the sound absorption characteristics of an absorbing material obtained from natural fibers, specifically from coconut. The method, which was previously applied to other materials, requires performing measurements of air-flow resistivity and of acoustic impedance for samples of the material under study. The equations that govern the acoustic behavior of the material are then derived by means of a least-squares fit of the acoustic impedance and of the propagation constant. These results can be useful since they allow the empirically obtained analytical equations to be easily incorporated in prediction and simulation models of acoustic systems for noise control that incorporate the studied materials.

The coconut planter,

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Coconut (Cocos nucifera) in vitro ecology: Modifications of headspace and medium additives can optimize somatic embryogenesis

Of those explants tested, immature zygotic embryo tissues proved to be the best for initiating callus with potential for somatic embryogenesis. Slicing of this tissue and use of the central sections (near to and including the meristematic tissue) gave the best embryogenic response. Slices that were placed under illumination necrosed more rapidly and to a greater degree than those incubated in the dark. Explant slice necrosis could be prevented or severely retarded by the addition of activated charcoal into the medium. Washing the explants for short periods of time prior to culture was also found to improve callus production. Prolonged washing resulted in low rates of callus production. In an attempt to prevent ethylene accumulation in the culture vessel headspace, AVG, an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor and STS, a chemical which reduces the physiological action of ethylene, were successfully used to promote somatic embryogenesis. Spermidine, putrescine and spermine, polyamines that are known to delay plant senescence and promote somatic embryogenesis in some plant species, enhanced the rate of somatic embryogenesis when they were introduced into the callus induction medium. The use of polyethylene glycol in combination with abscisic acid helped promote somatic embryo formation and maturation as well as the subsequent formation of plantlets. The use of all of these improvements together has created a new and improved protocol for coconut somatic embryogenesis. This new protocol puts significant emphasis on improving the in vitro ecology of the explant, callus and somatic embryogenic tissues.