South Carolina tobacco directory

This tobacco directory list tobacco products sold in South Carolina by name, company name, original certification date, action type and agreement type.

South Carolina tobacco directory

This tobacco directory list tobacco products sold in South Carolina by name, company name, original certification date, action type and agreement type.

The threat to scientific integrity in environmental and occupational medicine

Over the last century, environmental and occupational medicine has played a significant role in the protection and improvement of public health. However, scientific integrity in this field has been increasingly threatened by pressure from some industries and governments. For example, it has been reported that the tobacco industry manipulated eminent scientists to legitimise their industrial positions, irresponsibly distorted risk and deliberately subverted scientific processes, and influenced many organisations in receipt of tobacco funding. Many environmental whistleblowers were sued and encountered numerous personal attacks. In some countries, scientific findings have been suppressed and distorted, and scientific advisory committees manipulated for political purposes by government agencies. How to respond to these threats is an important challenge for environmental and occupational medicine professionals and their societies. The authors recommend that professional organisations adopt a code of ethics that requires openness from public health professionals; that they not undertake research or use data where they do not have freedom to publish their results if these data have public health implications; that they disclose all possible conflicts; that the veracity of their research results should not be compromised; and that their research independence be protected through professional and legal support. The authors furthermore recommend that research funding for public health not be directly from the industry to the researcher. An independent, intermediate funding scheme should be established to ensure that there is no pressure to analyse data and publish results in bad faith. Such a funding system should also provide equal competition for funds and selection of the best proposals according to standard scientific criteria.

Skins for smokes and the use of cultural content and imagery

[Extract] For just $5.29 Australians can now purchase "Skins" from local, independent grocers to cover their cigarette packet with the Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander flag. We argue that this use of cultural content and copyright' imagery on cigarette packets negates health promotion efforts, such as Australia's recent introduction of plain packaging laws and the subsequent dismissal of a legal challenge from the tobacco industry.

Tolle Jahre Versuch einer Lebensbeschreibung

Description of the author’s family background. His paternal family owned a tobacco and cigarres business in Ulm, which was transferred to Munich in 1888. The maternal family in Frankfurt am Main had a textile export business. Recollections of his schooldays at the Catholic St. Anna Schule. Antisemitic encounters at the local Gymnasium. Description of life in the 19th century. Reverence for the local royalties. The family was involved in the Zionist movement, as were most of the members of their local synagoge.

A submission to the Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services consultation “Healthy Tasmania Five Year Strategic Plan”

This submission will address a number of questions raised in section 5.2, “Potential Future Initiatives to target smoking”, of the Healthy Tasmania Five Year Strategic Plan – Community Consultation Draft. Each question has been answered within this submission. This submission will also address the possibility of legal challenges to these proposed changes, a pivotal consideration when implementing any tobacco control laws. This is due to the aggressive nature of the tobacco industry, as illustrated by their attempts to challenge plain packaging laws in the country and through international treaties. The evidence provided in my submission illustrates that prevention of initiation of smoking during adolescence has various benefits in terms of reduction of negative smoking behaviors in later life. I argue that increasing the minimum legal age of purchasing for tobacco to 21 will benefit both the levels of underage smoking as well as the age of onset of initiation of smoking, due to the greater difficulties that those who are underage would experience in accessing tobacco products. I will also address the question of whether the minimum smoking age should be increased to 25.

面向烟草行业的MES系统模型研究与设计

MES系统模型构建是系统实施和正常运行的前提和条件,也是MES方案设计和系统配置的基础和难点。本文结合烟草生产过程特点,以某卷烟企业为研究和应用背景,建立了MES系统模型。实际系统运行效果良好,验证了模型的合理性。

The empirical analysis of cigarette tax avoidance and illicit trade in Vietnam, 1998-2010.

Illicit trade carries the potential to magnify existing tobacco-related health care costs through increased availability of untaxed and inexpensive cigarettes. What is known with respect to the magnitude of illicit trade for Vietnam is produced primarily by the industry, and methodologies are typically opaque. Independent assessment of the illicit cigarette trade in Vietnam is vital to tobacco control policy. This paper measures the magnitude of illicit cigarette trade for Vietnam between 1998 and 2010 using two methods, discrepancies between legitimate domestic cigarette sales and domestic tobacco consumption estimated from surveys, and trade discrepancies as recorded by Vietnam and trade partners. The results indicate that Vietnam likely experienced net smuggling in during the period studied. With the inclusion of adjustments for survey respondent under-reporting, inward illicit trade likely occurred in three of the four years for which surveys were available. Discrepancies in trade records indicate that the value of smuggled cigarettes into Vietnam ranges from $100 million to $300 million between 2000 and 2010 and that these cigarettes primarily originate in Singapore, Hong Kong, Macao, Malaysia, and Australia. Notable differences in trends over time exist between the two methods, but by comparison, the industry estimates consistently place the magnitude of illicit trade at the upper bounds of what this study shows. The unavailability of annual, survey-based estimates of consumption may obscure the true, annual trend over time. Second, as surveys changed over time, estimates relying on them may be inconsistent with one another. Finally, these two methods measure different components of illicit trade, specifically consumption of illicit cigarettes regardless of origin and smuggling of cigarettes into a particular market. However, absent a gold standard, comparisons of different approaches to illicit trade measurement serve efforts to refine and improve measurement approaches and estimates.

Los problemas del tabaco: Gobierno, campesinos y mujeres en la década de 1930

Durante la década de 1930 el capitalismo industrial organizó diferentes espacios de la política y la cultura en Colombia. A través del estudio de caso de Coltabaco, se caracterizan tres momentos de los vínculos del capitalismo industrial con la sociedad colombiana. En el primer momento, se la describen los vínculos políticos que hicieron visible diferentes formas de participación política del sector industrial y su relación con las regiones, las instituciones (públicas y privadas) y las elites dominantes, así como se subraya la importancia del mercado interno para la industria del tabaco. En el segundo momento, se caracterizan los vínculos entre Coltabaco y el sector rural a partir de la labor pedagógica de Coltabaco para la producción de la hoja, así mismo, se describen las representaciones del cultivador vinculado a la industria que fueron difundidas en el sector rural; finalmente, los vínculos entre Coltabaco y el sector urbano se analizan en la tensión por la relación mujer-cigarrillo. En el consumo del cigarrillo, el placer femenino se desligó de condicionantes morales e higiénicos, ganando, a través del gusto, una nueva circunstancia para experimentar la subjetividad de la mujer moderna. Los Problemas del Tabaco no se limitaron exclusivamente al espacio de la política económica, también fueron las costumbres campesinas desvinculadas del ritmo de la industria, y las ideas morales e higiénicas que organizaban la costumbre en la relación mujer-cigarrillo.

Extreme response bias in measuring susceptibility to smoking.

Pierce, Choi, Gilpin, Farkas, and Berry (1998) were the first to claim that they could provide causal evidence that tobacco industry advertising and promotion caused adolescent smoking. This claim continues to significantly influence the theory and conceptualization of how youth react to tobacco marketing. The Pierce et al. (1998) methodology has been used by many researchers to establish the influence of tobacco marketing on adolescent smoking (Goldberg, 2003; NCI, 2006; Sargent, Dalton, & Beach, 2000). Pierce et al. (1998) selected respondents for only the second of their two survey longitudinal study because they chose the extreme-negative response. This choice could be the result of the tendency of some significant number of sample members exhibiting extreme-response bias. The results from an analysis of several questions from the original data used by Pierce et al. (1998) has suggested that there is a significant extreme-response style pattern in the Pierce et al. data. This unaccounted for bias in the responses of their sample was due to the procedure used by Pierce et al. (1998) in the selection of their respondents. The Pierce et al. (1998) sample selection procedure requires more research before the causal link can be claimed.

Approaches, challenges, and experience in assessing free nicotine

Delivery of nicotine in the most desirable form is critical in maintaining people's use of tobacco products. Interpretation of results by tobacco industry scientists, studies that measure free-base nicotine directly in tobacco smoke, and the variability of free-base nicotine in smokeless tobacco products all indicate that the form of nicotine delivered to the tobacco user, in addition to the total amount, is an important factor in whether people continue to use the product following their initial exposure. The physiological impact of nicotine varies with the fraction that is in the free-base form and this leads to continued exposure to other toxic tobacco contents and emissions. In addition to evaluating the total nicotine delivered to the user, measuring the fraction of nicotine in the free-base form is critical in understanding and controlling the influence of nicotine on tobacco use.

Os gêneros Nicotiana L., Bouchetia Dunal e Nierembergia Ruiz & Pav.(Solanaceae) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Os gêneros Nicotiana L., Bouchetia Dunal e Nierembergia Ruiz & Pav. da tribo Nicotianeae G.Don (Solanaceae), presentes no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, apresentam diversas características em comum, como o hábito predominantemente herbáceo, fruto seco, capsular, com numerosas sementes. Estes gêneros distinguem-se basicamente por Nicotiana apresentar prefloração geralmente contorcido-conduplicada ou conduplicada, corola infundibuliforme, tubular ou hipocrateriforme, anteras dorsifixas e um disco nectarífero presente, enquanto que Bouchetia e Nierembergia apresentam prefloração imbricadoconduplicada ou imbricada e anteras ventrifixas. Em Bouchetia a corola é campanulado-infundibuliforme e um disco nectarífero está presente, enquanto que em Nierembergia a corola é hipocrateriforme e o disco nectarífero está ausente. O gênero Nicotiana, da subtribo Nicotianineae, está representado no Estado por seis espécies nativas: N. alata Link & Otto, N. bonariensis Lehm., N. forgetiana Hemsl., N. langsdorffii Weinm., N. longiflora Cav. e N. mutabilis Stehmann & Semir. Duas outras espécies, provavelmente originárias da Argentina, são também encontradas no Estado: N. glauca Graham, que ocorre de forma ruderal ou cultivada e N. tabacum L., também cultivada, de importância econômica por ser fonte de matéria prima para a indústria do fumo. A única espécie do gênero Bouchetia, presente no Estado, é Bouchetia anomala (Miers) Britton & Rusby, endêmica da região sul do Brasil, Uruguai, Paraguai e nordeste da Argentina. Pertence à subtribo Nierembergiinae Hunz., junto com Nierembergia, com quem apresenta maior afinidade. Nierembergia está representado no Rio Grande do Sul por cinco espécies nativas: N. linariifolia Graham, N. micrantha Cabrera, N. pinifolia Miers, N. riograndensis Hunz. & A.A.Cocucci e N. scoparia Sendtn. Chaves analíticas para identificação dos gêneros da tribo Nicotianeae G.Don e para os da subtribo Nierembergiinae, assim como para as espécies de Nicotiana, Bouchetia e Nierembergia, são apresentadas. Descrições para os três gêneros e suas espécies, ilustrações, mapas de distribuição geográfica no Estado, considerações quanto ao hábitat, observações sobre a fenologia, variabilidade morfológica e outros comentários também são referidos.

Composition of coriander essential oil from Brazil

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual and herbaceous plant, belonging to the Apiaceae family. Native of southern Europe and western Mediterranean region, this herb is cultivated world widely. This species, rich in linalool, has potential using as source of essential oil and as a medicinal plant. It has been used as analgesic, carminative, digestive, depurative, anti-rheumatic and antispasmodic agent. Its fruits (commonly called seeds) are used for flavoring candies, in cookery, perfumery, beverage and in tobacco industry. The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of the seed essential oil of this species grown in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in Lageado Experimental Farm, Department of Plant Production, Agronomical Sciences College, São Paulo State University. The fruits were harvest 108 days after sowing. The essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation, in Clevenger apparatus. 50 g of fruits were used in each extraction. Three extractions were performed during three hours. The essential oils were analyzed in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (CG-MS, Shimadzu, QP-5000), equipped with DB-5 capillary column (30 m × 0,25 mm × 0,25 mm), split 1/20, injector for 240 C°, detector for 230 C°, dragged by gas He (1,7 mL/min), with programmed temperature for 40 C° (5 min)-150 C°, 4 C°/min; 150 C°-280 C°, 8 C°/min. The identification of the compounds was made by comparison of their spectra of masses with data from CG-MS (Nist 62 lib), literature references and retention index of Kovats. The 18 most important components were identified and quantified. The main components of the oil were linalool (77.48 %), γ-terpinene (4.64 %), α-pinene (3.97 %), limonene (1.28 %), geraniol (0.64 %) and 2-decenal (0.16 %).

Practice and attitude differences in physician cigarette use: A study of prevalence, physicians' role, and smoking policy awareness in Dubai, UAE

The use of tobacco products ruins the health of millions of people around the world. On average, tobacco users die nearly seven years earlier than non-tobacco users. n1 Cigarette smoking is a particular concern in the developing countries of the Middle East and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region where smoking prevalence is expected to increase. This is due to the tobacco industry's vigorous commercial and marketing activities. n3 Smoking prevalence among physicians is considered to be an effective indicator of a society's readiness to identify the smoking epidemic and its related health diseases. n4 There is a lack of detailed data on the smoking prevalence among healthcare professionals, particularly physicians, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This cross sectional study is the first to address smoking practices among physicians working at the Department of Health and Medical Services (DOHMS); in Dubai, UAE. ^ This study describes the cigarette smoking prevalence among DOHMS Physicians, physician attitudes towards tobacco use and tobacco bans; physician attitudes towards smoking cessation techniques (among smokers and non-smokers); and physician awareness of official anti-smoking policies. Data for the study was collected through the use of an adapted WHO standardized questionnaire, the Global Health Professionals Survey. The questionnaire was administered by the researcher to physicians (n=288) at their work place. Date was analyzed using the SPSS analytic software program. ^ Twelve percent of DOHMS physicians smoked cigarettes. Regardless of smoking status, the majority supported a tobacco ban in hospitals and public places, and a ban on tobacco advertising. There is a significant relationship between physician smoking status and discussing risks of tobacco use (p < 0.05). Non-smoking physicians reported spending more time with patients discussing hazards of smoking (p < 0.01). Non-smokers reported providing more counseling than their smoking colleagues. The majority of DOHMS physicians (63%) reported a lack of knowledge about 5As/ 5Rs. The majority of physicians also reported they are aware of hospital smoking policies that restrict smoking. Regardless of physician smoking status, DOHMS physicians are not very actively involved in smoking cessation activities. This cross sectional study is the first to address smoking programs, policies, and practices among physicians in Dubai, UAE. Findings support the need for increased physical smoking cessation training as well as the development of smoking cessation programs for tobacco control, and programs with a focus on physician participation in reducing tobacco and cigarette use among the general population.^