Efetividade do clareamento dentário com peróxido de carbamida a 10% e avaliação dos efeitos adversos sobre o esmalte dentário

The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness and adverse effects on dental enamel caused by nightguard vital bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide. This was accomplished through the interaction of researchers from different areas such as dentistry, materials engineering and physics. Fifty volunteers took part in the doubleblind randomized controlled clinical trial. They were allocated to an experimental group that used Opalescence PF 10% (OPA) and a control group that used a placebo gel (PLA). Fragments of human dental enamel from the vestibular surface of healthy premolars, extracted for orthodontic reasons, were fixed to the vestibular surface of the first upper molars of the volunteers for in situ observation. Bleaching was performed at night for 21 days. The observation periods included Baseline (BL), T0 (21 days), T30 (30 days after treatment) and T180 (180 days after treatment, only for the OPA group). Tooth color was assessed by comparing it with the Vita® scale and by the degree of satisfaction expressed by the volunteer. We also assessed adverse clinical effects, dental sensitivity and gingival bleeding. The study of adverse effects on enamel was conducted in vivo and in situ, using the DIAGNOdent® laser fluorescence device to detect mineral loss. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to check for superficial morphological alterations, energy dispersive spectrophotometry (EDS) to semiquantitatively assess chemical composition using the Ca/P ratio, and the x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique to observe alterations in enamel microstructure. The results showed that nightguard vital bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide was effective in 96% of the cases, versus 8% for the PLA group. Dental sensitivity was present in 36% (9/25) of the cases. There was no significant association between gingival bleeding and the type of gel used (p = 1.00). In vivo laser fluorescence analysis showed no difference in values for the control group, whereas in the OPA group there was a statistically significant difference between baseline values in relation to the subsequent periods (p<0.01), with lower mean values for post-bleaching times. There was a significant difference between the groups for times T0 and T30. Micrographic analysis showed no enamel surface alterations related to the treatment performed. No significant alteration in Ca/P ratio was observed in the OPA group (p = 0.624) or in the PLA group (p = 0.462) for each of the observation periods, nor between the groups studied (p=0.102). The XRD pattern for both groups showed the presence of three-phase Hydroxyapatite according to JCPDS files (9-0432[Ca5(PO4)3(OH)], 18-0303[Ca3(PO4)2.xH2O] and 25-0166[Ca5(PO4)3(OH, Cl, F)]). No other peak associated to other phases was found, independent of the group analyzed, which reveals there was no disappearance, nucleation or phase transformation. Neither was there any alteration in peak pattern location. With the methodology and protocol used in this study, nightguard vital bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide proved to be an effective and safe procedure for dental enamel

Efeitos comportamental, clínico e analgésico promovidos pela injeção epidural preventiva de morfina, xilazina ou clonidina, em equinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito do propofol associado à efedrina no tempo de latência do cisatracúrio

OBJETIVOS: Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia da efedrina na prevenção dos efeitos hemodinâmicos induzidos pela associação do propofol e do remifentanil, assim como os efeitos sobre o tempo de latência do cisatracúrio. MÉTODOS: Sessenta pacientes com idade entre 18 e 52 anos, estado físico ASA I ou II, foram divididos em três grupos, aleatoriamente: G I - propofol 1%; G II - propofol 1% + efedrina 0,5 mg.ml-1 e G III - propofol 1% + efedrina 1,0 mg.ml-1 (velocidade de infusão igual a 180 ml.h-1), até a perda da consciência. Administrou-se remifentanil (0,5 mg.kg-1.min-1) e cisatracúrio na dose de 0,15 mg.kg-1. Foram registrados os dados demográficos, os sinais vitais (PAS, PAM, PAD, FC e SpO2) e o tempo de latência do cisatracúrio. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram homogêneos com relação aos dados demográficos. Houve diminuição estatisticamente significativa dos valores de PAS, PAM, PAD e FC, um e três minutos após a administração do propofol, porém sem significado clínico importante e sem diferença entre os grupos. As medianas para os tempos de latência do cisatracúrio foram: 178 s (G2 e G3) e 183 s (G1), mas sem diferença significante entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diminuição clinicamente importante dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos avaliados nos grupos que receberam ou não a efedrina e o tempo de latência do cisatracúrio foi o mesmo para os diferentes grupos.

Transplante de glândulas salivares menores no tratamento da ceratoconjuntivite seca em cães

Relatou-se o efeito do transplante de glândulas salivares menores (TGSM) em cães portadores de ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS) e estudaram-se os efeitos da secreção dessas glândulas usadas como alternativa de lubrificação ocular. A aplicação da técnica foi satisfatória, uma vez que resultou em melhora no quadro clínico oftalmológico sem que houvesse mínimas intercorrências pós-operatórias.

Os efeitos dos aparelhos funcionais sobre a dimensão transversal da maxila e mandíbula

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos da associação da clonidina à ropivacaína na anestesia peridural

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os efeitos e o potencial sinergismo entre a clonidina, um agonista alfa2-adrenérgico, e a ropivacaína ainda não foram estudados em pacientes sob anestesia peridural. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar os efeitos da associação da clonidina com a ropivacaína, nas características do bloqueio peridural. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo duplamente encoberto, 60 pacientes distribuídos em dois grupos de 30 pacientes. No grupo G controle, foi usada apenas a ropivacaína a 0,75% (150 mg) na anestesia peridural; no grupo G clonidina, foram utilizadas clonidina (300 µg) e ropivacaína a 0,75% (150 mg) na anestesia peridural. Foram analisados os seguintes atributos: bloqueio analgésico completo (tempo de latência), instalação do bloqueio motor, duração dos bloqueios analgésico e motor, nível máximo do bloqueio analgésico, nível de consciência, necessidade de analgesia e sedação complementar no per-operatório, ocorrência de hipotensão arterial no per e pós-operatórios, intensidade da dor pós-operatória, duração da analgesia e efeitos colaterais. RESULTADOS: A clonidina (300 µg), por via peridural, não influenciou a latência (p > 0,05); porém prolongou a duração dos bloqueios analgésico e motor (p < 0,0001) e a analgesia pós-operatória (p < 0,001). A proporção de hipotensão arterial foi pequena e semelhante entre os grupos, mas houve maior incidência de bradicardia (p < 0,02) e sedação (p < 0,001) no grupo que utilizou a clonidina. A incidência de tremores foi menor no grupo da clonidina (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Nas condições deste estudo e nas doses empregadas, pode-se concluir que há sinergismo evidente entre a clonidina e a ropivacaína na anestesia peridural. A clonidina aumenta a duração dos bloqueios analgésico e motor da anestesia peridural com a ropivacaína e prolonga a analgesia pós-operatória. A clonidina apresenta como vantagens adicionais, o aumento da sedação dos pacientes e a redução na incidência de tremores, mas aumenta a ocorrência de bradicardia.

Tratamento de insuficiência cardíaca com benazepril em cães com cardiomiopatia dilatada e endocardiose

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of Supragingival plaque control in smokers and never-smokers: 6-month evaluation of patients with periodontitis

Background: the effect of supragingival plaque control on clinical signs of periodontitis is controversial, particularly when smoking habits are considered. This study evaluated the clinical effects of supragingival plaque control on clinical signs of periodontitis in smokers and never-smokers.Methods: the following data were collected for 25 never-smokers and 25 smokers at baseline and 30, 90, and 180 days: visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). After baseline examinations, supragingival scaling was performed. Oral hygiene practices were reinforced and reevaluated weekly during the experimental period. Linear models adjusted for clustering of observations within individuals were used for statistical analysis.Results: Reductions in VPI were significant for both groups, with no intergroup differences. GBI at baseline was similar between groups, and at 30, 90, and 180 days, smokers had a lower GBI than never-smokers. Significant reductions were observed in PD for shallow (1 to 3 mm), moderate (4 to 5 mm), and deep sites (>= 6 mm) in both groups. CAL was significantly greater in smokers throughout the study, but gains in attachment were similar for both groups (0.71 to 1.00 mm). BOP reductions were similar in both groups.Conclusions: Supragingival plaque control resulted in significant changes in clinical parameters associated with gingivitis and periodontitis. Smoking did not affect results, regardless of initial PD.

Poisoning of mice by Baccharis coridifolia: An experimental model

The poisonous plant Baccharis coridifotia causes necrosis in lymphoid tissues and the gastrointestinal tract of cattle, horses, sheep and rabbits. An experimental poisoning of mice was undertaken to establish an experimental model in a laboratory animal specie. A single 5 to 8-g/kg dose of a suspension of the plant was administered by gavage to II mice. To 3 other control mice, the same volume of water was administered. Plant-dosed mice manifested clinical effects after 12 h: tachipnea, trembles, dehydration and prostration. Most of the dosed mice died 14 to 33 h after plant administration-3 survived for 12 d. Six mice had remarkable necrosis of the germinative center of secondary follicles in lymph nodes and spleen; 3 mice had necrosis of lymphoid tissues in intestine and thymus. Mice reproduce most of the lesions observed in naturally poisoned cattle and the use of this specie as an experimental model is valid.

Orbifloxacin: A Review of Properties, Its Antibacterial Activities, Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Characteristics, Therapeutic Use, and Analytical Methods

Orbifloxacin is a third generation of fluoroquinolone that exhibits increased antibacterial activity against the Enterobacteriaceae, gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, anaerobes, and mycobacteria. This drug was synthesized in 1987 and developed as a veterinary chemotherapeutic to use for livestock and domestic pets. Orbifloxacin is labeled for the treatment of skin, soft tissue, and urinary tract infections in dogs, and skin and soft tissue infections in cats, but in some countries, orbifloxacin has been given for the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in cattle and swine and other animals. The in vitro activity and clinical efficacy of orbifloxacin against naturally occurring bacterial infections of the skin, ear, soft tissue, udder, and gastrointestinal and respiratory systems in different animals have been evaluated and good responses have been found. The minimum inhibitory concentration of orbifloxacin has been determined in various different pathogens and the results found in the literature are shown in this work. The pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin has been evaluated by different routes of administration in goats, horses, pigs, rabbits, dogs, cats, camels, cattle, sheep, and fish. Orbifloxacin exhibits excellent pharmacokinetic parameters that suggest that this drug may have good clinical effects on various bacterial infections in these species. All methods described in the scientific literature for determination of orbifloxacin in different matrices were collected and discussed. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Efeitos clínicos e comportamentais da injeção de medetomidina em equinos pré-medicados com hioscina

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos cardiorrespiratório e analgésico da anestesia intravenosa contínua com propofol e remifentanil em cães após medicação pré-anestésica com acepromazina

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Perfil nutricional de pacientes infectados por HIV hospitalizados e comparação do desempenho de diferentes indicadores de estado nutricional

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos da associação de dexmedetomidina à ropivacaína 0,75% na anestesia peridural

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito do gliconato de cálcio e do fluoreto de fenilmetilsulfonil (PMSF) no tratamento da intoxicação aguda por organofosforado neuropático em galinhas, utilizando como protótipo do TRI-ORTO-CRESIL fosfato (TOCP)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)