806 resultados para Ciências da terra
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The aim of this thesis was to evaluate historical change of the landscape of Madeira Island and to assess spatial and temporal vegetation dynamics. In current research diverse “retrospective techniques”, such as landscape repeat photography, dendrochronology, and research of historical records were used. These, combined with vegetation relevés, aimed to gather information about landscape change, disturbance history, and vegetation successional patterns. It was found that landscape change, throughout 125 years, was higher in the last five decades manly driven by farming abandonment, building growth and exotic vegetation coverage increase. Pristine vegetation was greatly destroyed since early settlement and by the end of the nineteenth century native vegetation was highly devastated due to recurrent antropogenic disturbances. These actions also helped to block plant succession and to modify floristical assemblages, affecting as well as species richness. In places with less hemeroby, although significant growth of vegetation of lower seral stages was detected, the vegetation of most mature stages headed towards unbalance between recovery and loss, being also very vulnerable to exotic species encroachment. Recovery by native vegetation also occurred in areas formerly occupied by exotic plants and agriculture but it was almost negligible. Vegetation recovery followed the successional model currently proposed, attesting the model itself. Yet, succession was slower than espected, due to lack of favourable conditions and to recurrent disturbances. Probable tempus of each seral stage was obtained by growth rates of woody taxa estimated through dendrochronology. The exotic trees which were the dominant trees in the past (Castanea sativa and Pinus pinaster) almost vanished. Eucalyptus globulus, the current main tree of the exotic forest is being replaced by other cover types as Acacia mearnsii. The latter, along with Arundo donax, Cytisus scoparius and Pittosporum undulatum are currently the exotic species with higher invasive behaviour. However, many other exotic species have also proved to be highly pervasive and came together with the ones referred above to prevent native vegetation regeneration, to diminish biological diversity, and to block early successional phases delaying native forest recovery.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE
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In Eastern South America, a series of fault-bounded sedimentary basins that crop out from Southern Uruguay to Southeastern Brazil were formed after the main collisional deformation of the Brasiliano Orogeny and record the tectonic events that affected the region from the Middle Ediacaran onwards. We address the problem of discerning the basin-forming tectonics from the later deformational events through paleostress analysis of more than 600 fault-slip data, mainly from the Camaquã Basin (Southern Brazil), sorted by stratigraphic level and cross-cutting relationships of superposed striations, and integrated with available stratigraphic and geochronological data. Our results show that the Camaquã Basin was formed by at least two distinct extensional events, and that rapid paleostress changes took place in the region a few tens of million years after the major collision (c.a. 630 Ma), probably due to the interplay between local active extensional tectonics and the distal effects of the continued amalgamation of plates and terranes at the margins of the still-forming Gondwana Plate. Preliminary paleostress data from the Castro Basin and published data from the Itajaí Basin suggest that these events had a regional nature.
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O estágio pedagógico proporciona uma oportunidade de crescimento pessoal e profissional, sendo uma etapa fundamental para a formação de um professor. O presente relatório, realizado no âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino da Biologia e da Geologia no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário, descreve o estágio pedagógico concretizado na Escola Secundária Jaime Moniz, no ano letivo de 2012/2013. O relatório teve por objetivo descrever, analisar e refletir sobre todas as atividades realizadas, as práticas vividas e as competências adquiridas e desenvolvidas ao longo da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada. Este relatório é uma síntese das atividades desenvolvidas nos seguintes domínios: Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Atividades de Integração no Meio Escolar, Atividades de Intervenção na Comunidade Escolar e Atividades de Natureza Científico-Pedagógica. O trabalho desenvolvido ao longo do estágio e durante a escrita do relatório revelou-se um tempo importante para vivenciar e refletir a realidade do quotidiano da profissão professor e para compreender os desafios da mesma. Das várias componentes do estágio, destacou-se a prática letiva, porque foi em torno dela que decorreu o estágio, tendo o professor estagiário, através da mesma, tido a oportunidade de evoluir pessoal e profissionalmente. As atividades e as reflexões realizadas permitiram adquirir conhecimentos e competências imprescindíveis para um profissional do ensino e contribuíram para a formação integral do professor estagiário.
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Tese de mestrado em Geologia Aplicada, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2016
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Tese de doutoramento, Ciências do Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2016
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Tese de doutoramento, Ciências do Mar, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2016
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Tese de doutoramento, Ciências do Mar, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2016
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Tese de doutoramento (co-tutela), Geologia (Paleontologia e Estratigrafia), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 2016
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Tese de doutoramento, Geologia (Hidrogeologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2016
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Andryala (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) is a little-known Mediterranean-Macaronesian genus whose taxonomy is much in need of revision. The aim of the present biosystematic study was to elucidate species relationships within this genus based on morphological and molecular data. In this study several taxa are recognised: 17 species, 14 subspecies, and 3 hybrids. Among these, 5 species are Macaronesian endemics (A. glandulosa, A. sparsiflora, A. crithmifolia Aiton, A. pinnatifida, and A. perezii), 4 species are Northwest African endemics (A. mogadorensis, A. maroccana, A. chevallieri, and A. nigricans) and one species is endemic to Romania (A. laevitomentosa). Historical background regarding taxonomic delimitation in the genus is addressed from Linnaean to present day concepts, as well as the origin of the name Andryala. The origin of Asteraceae and the systematic position of Andryala is shortly summarised. The morphological study was based on a bibliographic review and the revision of 1066 specimens of 13 herbaria as well as additional material collected during fieldwork. The variability of the morphological characters of the genus, including both vegetative taxonomic characters (root, stem, leaf and indumentum characters) and reproductive ones (inflorescence, floret, fruit and pappus characters), is assessed. Numerical analysis of the morphological data was performed using different similarity or dissimilarity measures and coefficients, as well as ordination and clustering methods. Results support the segregation of the recognised taxa and the congruence of the several analyses in the separation of the recognised taxa (using quantitative, binary or multi-state characters). The proposed taxonomy for Andryala includes a new infra-generic classification, new taxa and new combinations and ranks, typifications and diagnostic keys (one for the species and several for subspecies). For each taxon a list of synonyms, typification comments and a detailed description are provided, just as comments on taxonomy and nomenclature, and a brief discussion on karyology. Additionally, information on ecology and conservation status as well as on distribution and a list of studied material are also presented. Phylogenetic analyses based on different nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers, using Bayesian and maximum parsimony methods of inference, were performed. Results support three main lineages: separate ones for the relict species A. agardhii and A. laevitomentosa and a third including the majority of the Andryala species that underwent a relatively rapid and recent speciation. They also suggest a single colonization event of Madeira and the Canary Islands from the Mediterranean region, followed by insular speciation. Biogeography and speciation within the genus are briefly discussed, including a proposal for the centre of origin of the genus and possible dispersal routes.
Resumo:
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate historical change of the landscape of Madeira Island and to assess spatial and temporal vegetation dynamics. In current research diverse “retrospective techniques”, such as landscape repeat photography, dendrochronology, and research of historical records were used. These, combined with vegetation relevés, aimed to gather information about landscape change, disturbance history, and vegetation successional patterns. It was found that landscape change, throughout 125 years, was higher in the last five decades manly driven by farming abandonment, building growth and exotic vegetation coverage increase. Pristine vegetation was greatly destroyed since early settlement and by the end of the nineteenth century native vegetation was highly devastated due to recurrent antropogenic disturbances. These actions also helped to block plant succession and to modify floristical assemblages, affecting as well as species richness. In places with less hemeroby, although significant growth of vegetation of lower seral stages was detected, the vegetation of most mature stages headed towards unbalance between recovery and loss, being also very vulnerable to exotic species encroachment. Recovery by native vegetation also occurred in areas formerly occupied by exotic plants and agriculture but it was almost negligible. Vegetation recovery followed the successional model currently proposed, attesting the model itself. Yet, succession was slower than espected, due to lack of favourable conditions and to recurrent disturbances. Probable tempus of each seral stage was obtained by growth rates of woody taxa estimated through dendrochronology. The exotic trees which were the dominant trees in the past (Castanea sativa and Pinus pinaster) almost vanished. Eucalyptus globulus, the current main tree of the exotic forest is being replaced by other cover types as Acacia mearnsii. The latter, along with Arundo donax, Cytisus scoparius and Pittosporum undulatum are currently the exotic species with higher invasive behaviour. However, many other exotic species have also proved to be highly pervasive and came together with the ones referred above to prevent native vegetation regeneration, to diminish biological diversity, and to block early successional phases delaying native forest recovery.
Resumo:
O estágio pedagógico proporciona uma oportunidade de crescimento pessoal e profissional, sendo uma etapa fundamental para a formação de um professor. O presente relatório, realizado no âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino da Biologia e da Geologia no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário, descreve o estágio pedagógico concretizado na Escola Secundária Jaime Moniz, no ano letivo de 2012/2013. O relatório teve por objetivo descrever, analisar e refletir sobre todas as atividades realizadas, as práticas vividas e as competências adquiridas e desenvolvidas ao longo da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada. Este relatório é uma síntese das atividades desenvolvidas nos seguintes domínios: Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Atividades de Integração no Meio Escolar, Atividades de Intervenção na Comunidade Escolar e Atividades de Natureza Científico-Pedagógica. O trabalho desenvolvido ao longo do estágio e durante a escrita do relatório revelou-se um tempo importante para vivenciar e refletir a realidade do quotidiano da profissão professor e para compreender os desafios da mesma. Das várias componentes do estágio, destacou-se a prática letiva, porque foi em torno dela que decorreu o estágio, tendo o professor estagiário, através da mesma, tido a oportunidade de evoluir pessoal e profissionalmente. As atividades e as reflexões realizadas permitiram adquirir conhecimentos e competências imprescindíveis para um profissional do ensino e contribuíram para a formação integral do professor estagiário.
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Este Relatório, integrado no Mestrado em Ensino de Biologia e de Geologia no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Secundário, descreve as atividades planeadas e desenvolvidas no âmbito do Estágio Pedagógico que decorreu no ano letivo de 2012/2013 na Escola Básica e Secundária Gonçalves Zarco. As atividades estão organizadas segundo o delineado para o Estágio Pedagógico, interligam-se entre si e evidenciam uma intervenção abrangente do professor estagiário enquanto futuro professor de Biologia e Geologia. Assim, no primeiro capítulo consta a contextualização das atividades pedagógicas desenvolvidas, uma breve descrição dos intervenientes neste Estágio e ainda a caracterização da Escola de acolhimento, com vista a conhecê-la não só do ponto de vista estrutural e organizacional, como também compreender as orientações educativas definidas pela Escola, de modo a rentabilizar os espaços físicos e os materiais didáticos proporcionados pela instituição. No capítulo seguinte, referente à prática letiva, é abordada toda a ação pedagógica, a gestão do processo de aprendizagem, bem como a reflexão do professor sobre a sua progressão e aquisição de competências ao longo do Estágio. São ainda incluídas as atividades de integração no meio, com o intuito de conhecer as turmas que lecionávamos, as quais incluem a caracterização de uma das turmas lecionadas (9º ano) e a realização de um estudo de caso. Por último, são relatadas outras atividades realizadas no decorrer deste Estágio Pedagógico que tiveram uma expressão individual e coletiva, nomeadamente a atividade de intervenção na comunidade escolar e a atividade de natureza científico-pedagógica. A realização das várias atividades pedagógicas apresentadas, as vivências experienciadas, a partilha e o trabalho conjuntos, foram importantes para nos consciencializar de todo o processo de construção e desenvolvimento da nossa identidade profissional e das motivações pessoais e, claro, do modo como estas estão relacionadas com a nossa ação no contexto real.