84 resultados para salmonellosis
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Huit cent trente et un troupeaux de vaches laitières répartis dans 5 états américains ont été enrôlés dans une étude de cohorte prospective. Un modèle d’équations d'estimation généralisées a été utilisé pour étudier l'association entre les signes cliniques et la détection de salmonelles dans les fèces des animaux soupçonnés de salmonellose clinique. La sensibilité et la spécificité de la culture bactériologique ont été estimées à l’aide d’un modèle de classes latentes. Dix-huit pour cent des 874 échantillons provenant de veaux et 29% des 1479 échantillons de vaches adultes étaient positifs pour Salmonella spp. Il n’a pas été possible d’établir une association claire entre les différents signes cliniques observés et la détection de salmonelles. Les 2 sérotypes les plus fréquemment isolés étaient Typhimurium et Newport. La probabilité de détecter des salmonelles était plus élevée chez les veaux où un autre agent entéropathogène était également détecté. La proportion d’échantillons positifs était plus élevée parmi les vaches ayant reçu des antibiotiques dans les jours précédant l’échantillonnage. La sensibilité de la culture a été estimée à 0,48 (intervalle de crédibilité à 95% [ICr95%]: 0,22-0,95) pour les veaux et 0,78 (ICr95%: 0,55-0,99) pour les vaches. La spécificité de la culture était de 0,94 (ICr95%: 0,87-1,00) pour les veaux et de 0,96 (ICr95%: 0,90-1,00) pour les vaches. Malgré une sensibilité imparfaite, la culture bactériologique demeure utile pour obtenir une meilleure estimation de la probabilité post-test de salmonellose clinique chez un bovin laitier, par rapport à la probabilité estimée suite au seul examen clinique.
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The primary habitat of Salmonella is the gastrointestinal tract of animals and they are discharged into the water bodies through the feces. Aquatic animals act as asymptomatic reservoirs of a wide range of Salmonella serotypes. The inevitable delay in the detection of Salmonella contamination and the low sensitivity of the conventional methods is a serious issue in the seafood industry. Due to the indiscriminate use, the antibiotics are finally accumulated in the aquatic environment which provides the required antibiotic stress for the emergence of more and more antibiotic resistant phenotypes ofSalmonella. Several genetic determinants like integrons, genomic islands etc. play their role in acquisition and reshuffling of antibiotic resistance genes. A large number of virulence determinants are required for Salmonella pathogenicity. The virulence potential of Salmonella is determined, to some extent, by the presence of phages or phage mediated genes in the bacterial genome. There is much intra-serotype polymorphism in Salmonella and epidemiological studies rely on genetic resemblance of the isolated strains. Proper identification of the strain employing the traditional and molecular techniques is a prerequisite for accurate epidemiological studies (Soto et al., 2000). In this context, a study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of different Salmonella serotypes in seafood and to characterize them
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This Note outlines the further development of a system of models for the estimation of the costs of livestock diseases first presented by Bennett (2003). The models have been developed to provide updated and improved estimates of the costs associated with 34 endemic diseases of livestock in Great Britain, using border prices and including assessments of the impact of diseases on human health and animal welfare. Results show that, of the diseases studied, mastitis has the highest costs for cattle diseases, enzootic abortion for sheep diseases, swine influenza for pig diseases and salmonellosis for poultry diseases.
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In this study, differences at the genetic level of 37 Salmonella Enteritidis strains from five phage types (PTs) were compared using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to assess differences between PTs. There were approximately 400 genes that differentiated prevalent (4, 6, 8 and 13a) and sporadic (11) PTs, of which 35 were unique to prevalent PTs, including six plasmid-borne genes, pefA, B, C, D, srgC and rck, and four chromosomal genes encoding putative amino acid transporters. Phenotype array studies also demonstrated that strains from prevalent PTs were less susceptible to urea stress and utilized L-histidine, L-glutamine, L-proline, L-aspartic acid, gly-asn and gly-gln more efficiently than PT11 strains. Complementation of a PT11 strain with the transporter genes from PT4 resulted in a significant increase in utilization of the amino acids and reduced susceptibility to urea stress. In epithelial cell association assays, PT11 strains were less invasive than other prevalent PTs. Most strains from prevalent PTs were better biofilm formers at 37 degrees C than at 28 degrees C, whilst the converse was true for PT11 strains. Collectively, the results indicate that genetic and corresponding phenotypic differences exist between strains of the prevalent PTs 4, 6, 8 and 13a and non-prevalent PT11 strains that are likely to provide a selective advantage for strains from the former PTs and could help them to enter the food chain and cause salmonellosis.
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A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the prevalence of slaughter pigs infected by Salmonella typhimurium after an enterocolitis outbreak in a commercial pig farm, which was characterised by diarrhoea during the growing phase. Anatomopathological and histopathological findings were suggestive of salmonellosis, which was further confirmed by isolation of S. typhimurium from organs and faeces samples from diseased animals. Ileocolic lymph nodes were aseptically collected from 43 pigs during slaughter procedures. The estimated prevalence of Salmonella-infected pigs was 53.48% [confidence interval (CI): 42.94:64.02%]. This finding demonstrates that the carriage of S. typhimurium at slaughter might be high if pigs originate from a batch previously affected by Salmonella-enterocolitis outbreak at the pre-harvest pork production chain. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The strain used in this work was a Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar Kottbus (6,8:e,h:1,5) isolated from imported day-old ducklings in Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário (LANAGRO/SP) of the Ministry of Agriculture of Brazil (MAPA). In view of the lack of information available about this Salmonella isolate and also because it was detected in day-old imported birds, this study was carried out to investigate the dissemination of S. Kottbus among newly hatched chicks. The birds were placed in three groups: one group of 20 birds received 0.1 mL of S. Kottbus culture containing 1.2 x 10(8) CFU/mL, the second group of 20 birds was inoculated with 1.2 x 10(5) CFU/mL and the third group of 10 birds was untreated (control group). Results were similar for both infected groups. The bacterium was recovered from cloacal swabs collected from the first day following the experimental infection until the end of the trial (42 days post-inoculation). At 15 and 42 days post-inoculation (dpi), half of the birds of each group were killed for bacteriological examination of cecal contents, liver and spleen. At 15 dpi, viable cell counts of S. Kottbus were obtained in all kinds of samples. At 42 dpi, Salmonella was present in the liver and spleen of few birds, but in large amounts in the cecal contents of almost all birds.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Foram caracterizados os sorotipos, o perfil de sensibilidade microbiana e os achados clínico-epidemiológicos em 53 linhagens do gênero Salmonella isoladas de 41 cães, nove equinos e três bovinos, acometidos por diferentes manifestações clínicas entre 1997 e 2007. Salmonella Typhimurium (45,3%), Salmonella enterica (22,6%), Salmonella Enteritidis (7,5%), Salmonella enterica subsp enterica 4,5,12i (5,7%), Salmonella Newport (5,7%), Salmonella Dublin (3,8%), Salmonella Agona (3,8%), Salmonella Glostrup (3,8%), Salmonella Saintpaul (1,8%) foram os sorotipos encontrados. Ciprofloxacina (100,0%), norfloxacina (100,0%) e gentamicina (100,0%) foram os antimicrobianos mais efetivos, enquanto a maior resistência das linhagens foi observada para ceftiofur (28,5%) e florfenicol (7,0%). As linhagens foram isoladas de animais com enterite, infecção do trato urinário, septicemia, piometra, pneumonia e conjuntivite. Ressalta-se para o predomínio do sorovar Typhimurium nas diferentes manifestações da salmonelose nos animais. Destaca-se, também, a identificação de sorotipos nos animais que também são observados em casos de salmonelose em humanos
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Relata-se um surto de salmonelose em cães de experimentação, com mortalidade de 50% nos animais. Os sorotipos isolados foram Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Agona e Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica. Discute-se a epidemiologia e sua importância em Saúde Pública.
Isolation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis in Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrot (Amazona aestiva)
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Avian salmonellosis is a disease caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella that can cause three distinct diseases in birds: pullorum diseases, fowl typhoid, and paratyphoid infection. Various wildlife species are susceptible to infections by Salmonella, regardless of whether they live in captivity or freely in the wild. The present study verified the presence of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in three captive specimens of Amazona aestiva. The study involved a total of 103 birds undergoing rehabilitation to prepare for living in the wild, after having been captured from animal traffickers and delivered to the Centrofauna Project of the Floravida Institute in São Paulo, Brazil. This is the first report of Salmonella Enteritidis isolation in A. aestiva that originated from capture associated with animal trafficking; Salmonella was detected during the study by the serologic method of rapid serum agglutination on a plate with bacterial isolate. The antimicrobial profile exam of the isolated samples demonstrated sensitivity to ampicillin, cefaclor, ciprofloxacin, and cloranfenicol. The three samples also presented resistance to more than four antibiotics. The presence of the genes invA and spvC was verified by PCR technique and was associated with virulence and absence of class 1 integron, a gene related to antimicrobial resistance. The commercial antigen for pullorum disease was shown to be a useful tool for rapid detection in the screening of Salmonella of serogroup D(1) in Psittaciformes. New studies on Salmonella carriage in birds involved in trafficking must be performed to better understand their participation in the epidemiologic cycle of salmonellosis in humans and other animals.
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Salmonellosis is a disease caused by bacteria of Salmonella genus, which infect many species of animals and man. Reptiles are considered the main reservoir, and may develop the disease under determinate conditions. The symptoms are unspecific, and the microbiologic culture is the most common method. The treatment is poorly efficacious and advisable only in cases of clinical signs manifestation. The transmission from reptiles to human may occur, and prophylactic measures that involve good hygiene practices and the control of the disease in animals has special importance.