126 resultados para Angiogênese


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As mutações no gene de supressão tumoral p53 estão entre as anormalidades genéticas mais comuns encontradas numa ampla variedade de tumores. Embora a função do gene p53 ainda não esteja completamente esclarecida, ele parece ser um fator de transcrição nuclear que controla a proliferação celular, a apoptose e a manutenção da estabilidade genética. A angiogênese é essencial para o crescimento e a metastatização de tumores sólidos. O Fator de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular (VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), um fator de crescimento identificado recentemente com propriedades angiogênicas significativas, pode ser um importante regulador da angiogênese tumoral. A associação entre as expressões da proteína p53 e do VEGF e o prognóstico tem sido pouco estudada. Foram estudadas peças cirúrgicas de 47 pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago (CEE) submetidos à esofagectomia em estágios II e III, utilizando-se coloração imuno-histoquímica. As expressões da proteína p53 e do VEGF foram observadas em 53% e 40% dos tumores, respectivamente. As expressões da proteína p53 e do VEGF coincidiram em somente 21% dos casos, e não foi encontrada correlação entre elas. Nenhum dos fatores clinicopatológicos se correlacionaram significativamente com as expressões da proteína p53 ou do VEGF. Em relação ao prognóstico, não havia associação significativa entre as expressões da proteína p53 e do VEGF e pior prognóstico. Os autores concluem que tanto a expressão da proteína p53 como a expressão do VEGF não se correlacionaram com o prognóstico em pacientes com CEE em estágios II e III.

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O adenocarcinoma colorretal é um dos tumores sólidos mais prevalentes no mundo, ocupando a terceira posição em ambos os sexos, precedido pelo carcinoma de pulmão e estômago em homens, e pelo carcinoma de mama e cérvix em mulheres. No Brasil, o adenocarcinoma colorretal está entre as cinco neoplasias mais freqüentes, ocupando a quinta posição em mortalidade. A sobrevida global dos pacientes está em torno de 40% em 5 anos, tendo havido pequena elevação deste índice nas últimas quatro décadas. O estadiamento clínico-patológico permanece como o mais importante indicador prognóstico para o adenocarcinoma colorretal, sendo a sobrevida em 5 anos dos pacientes portadores de metástases à distância menor que 5%. Estas lesões são encontradas em 75% dos indivíduos que morrem da doença e representam, na maioria das vezes, um evento terminal. O processo de metastatização segue uma série de etapas interligadas que devem ser completadas pela célula tumoral para que se produza uma lesão clinicamente evidente. O primeiro passo desta seqüência se dá através de um fenômeno conhecido como angiogênese. Este consiste na proliferação endotelial acelerada com formação de novos vasos, que irão permitir que o tumor cresça e envie células neoplásicas à circulação. Esta neovascularização leva à maior produção de uma glicoproteína plasmática essencial para o processo de hemostasia primária, o fator de von Willebrand. Esta proteína é liberada pelas células endoteliais e pelas plaquetas e seus níveis estão elevados em situações clínicas em que há proliferação ou dano endotelial. Nos pacientes com câncer, o fator de von Willebrand, além de servir como potencial marcador da angiogênese, contribui diretamente para a formação das metástases, promovendo a ligação das células tumorais às plaquetas. Esta interação faz com que se formem agregados celulares heterotípicos que não são reconhecidos pelo sistema imunológico e têm maior capacidade de adesão aos leitos capilares dos órgãos alcançados. A associação entre aumento nos níveis plasmáticos do fator de von Willebrand e a progressão neoplásica foi demonstrada em pacientes com tumores de cabeça e pescoço e colo uterino, não havendo dados na literatura sobre a correlação deste fator com o câncer colorretal. No presente estudo foram comparados as concentrações desta proteína em 75 pacientes com adenocarcinoma colorretal e em 88 controles saudáveis, sendo estes valores correlacionados com os principais indicadores prognósticos da doença. Este é o primeiro estudo a ser publicado que documenta o comportamento do fator de von Willebrand em pacientes com adenocarcinoma colorretal. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que os pacientes com câncer colorretal apresentaram níveis de fator de von Willebrand significativamente superiores aos controles (P < 0.0001). Houve associação significativa entre as concentrações do fator de von Willebrand e o estadiamento tumoral (P < 0.0001), a invasão de estruturas anatômicas adjacentes (P < 0.009) e a presença de metástases à distância (P < 0.02). Os dados aqui apresentados sugerem que os níveis plasmáticos do fator de von Willebrand nos pacientes com adenocarcinoma colorretal possam ser indicadores do comportamento biológico deste tumor. Portanto, a definição do papel desta proteína no processo de disseminação neoplásica merece estudos complementares.

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O prognóstico dos pacientes com adenocarcinoma de esôfago é bastante prejudicado pelo seu diagnóstico tardio. Na tentativa de determinar fatores que possam alterar o prognóstico destes pacientes, o estudo da biologia molecular tem recebido grande importância. As mutações no gene de supressão tumoral TP53 estão entre as anormalidades genéticas mais comuns encontradas numa ampla variedade de tumores. A angiogênese é essencial para o crescimento e a metastatização de tumores sólidos. O Fator de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular (VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), um fator de crescimento identificado recentemente com propriedades angiogênicas significativas, pode ser um importante regulador desta angiogênese tumoral. A associação entre as expressões da proteína p53 e do VEGF e o prognóstico tem sido pouco estudada. Foram estudados 46 pacientes com adenocarcinoma de esôfago submetidos à cirurgia de ressecção com intenção curativa. As expressões da proteína p53 e do VEGF foram observadas por análise imuno-histoqímica em 52,2% e 47,8% dos tumores, respectivamente. As expressões da proteína p53 e do VEGF coincidiram em 26% dos casos, e não foi encontrada correlação entre essa expressão. Nenhum dos fatores clinicopatológicos se correlacionaram significativamente com as expressões da proteína p53 ou do VEGF. Não houve associação significativa entre as expressões da proteína p53 e do VEGF e sobrevida a longo prazo. No presente estudo, a expressão da proteína p53 e do VEGF, embora em porcentagem similar à da literatura, não se correlacionou com o prognóstico em pacientes com adenocarcinoma de esôfago submetidos à cirurgia com intenção curativa.

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Os fatores de crescimento são substâncias moduladoras do processo de cicatrização. O fator de crescimento de fibroblastos básico (FCFß) liberado pelas plaquetas, macrófagos e pelos próprios fibroblastos, estimulam a proliferação celular, a produção de colágeno e de outros elementos da matriz celular, favorecendo o processo da cicatrização, mesmo em situações adversas, como diabetes e uso de corticosteróides. O presente estudo objetivou determinar a influência do FCFb no processo de cicatrização de anastomoses esofageanas em modelo de experimentação animal, avaliando-se a resistência à pressão,formação de tecido de granulação e deposição de colágeno. Método: Foram estudados dois grupos A e B,ambos com 10 ratos de linhagem Wistar, separados de forma aleatória, todos submetidos à secção e anastomose do esôfago por via abdominal. Nos animais do grupo A, foi feita aplicação tópica na linha de sutura de 10ng de FCFb. No grupo B (controle) foi aplicado igual volume de solução salina. Os animais foram sacrificados no 7º dia, o esôfago ressecado para teste de resistência da anastomose, estudo qualitativo do aporte de células inflamatórias, da angiogênese e quantificação do colágeno na zona da anastomose, através de sistema digital. Resultados: A densidade média dos parâmetros histológicos do grupo A foi 9095,51±1284,5, maior que no grupo B, que teve densidade 7162,4±1273,19 (p=0,013). A resistência da anastomose do grupo A teve a média 210±18,88 mmHg, significativamente maior que no grupo B, que atingiu o valor 157±29,55 mmHg (p=0,0024). Conclusão: Este estudo concluiu que o FCFß atuou melhorando a cicatrização e aumentando significativamente a resistência de anastomoses do esôfago realizadas em ratos

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The present study examines the chemical composition and their effects on free radicals, inflammation, angiogenesis, coagulation, VEGF effects and cellular proliferation of a polysaccharides from alga Sargassum vulgare. The sulfated polysaccharide was extracted from brown seaweed by proteolysis with enzymes maxataze. The presence of proteins and sugars were observed in crude polysaccharides. Fractionation of this crude extract was made with growing concentration of acetone (0.3-1.5 v) and produced four groups of polysaccharides. Anionic polysaccharides from brown seaweed Sargassum vulgare, SV1and PSV1 were fractionated (SV1) and purified (PSV1), and displayed with high total sugars and sulfate content and very low level of protein. This fucan SV1 contains low levels of protein and high carbohydrate and sulfate content. This polysaccharides prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) at 50 μg (>240 s). SV1 was found to have no effect on prothrombin time (PT), corresponding to the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. SV1 exhibits high antithrombotic action in vivo, with a concentration ten times higher than heparin. Polysaccharides from S. vulgare promoted direct inhibition enzymatic activity of thrombin and stimulated enzymatic activity of FXa. SV1 showed optimal inhibitory activity of thrombin (50.2±0.28%) at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. Its antioxidant action on scavenging radicals by DPPH was (22%), indicating the polymer has no cytotoxic action (hemolytic) on ABO and Rh blood types in different erythrocyte groups and displays strong anti-inflammatory action on all concentrations tested in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, demonstrated by reduced edema and cellular infiltration. Angiogenesis is a dynamic process of proliferation and differentiation. It requires endothelial proliferation, migration, and tube formation. In this context, endothelial cells are a preferred target for several studies and therapies. The antiangiogenic efficacy of polysaccharides was examined in vivo in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model by using fertilized eggs. Decreases in the density of the capillaries were assessed and scored. The results showed that SV1 and PSV1 have an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis. These results were also confirmed by inhibition tubulogenesis in rabbit aorta endothelial cell (RAEC) in matrigel. These compounds were assessed in Apoptosis assay (Annexin V - FITC / PI) and cell viability by MTT assay of RAEC. These polysaccharides do not affect the viability and do not have apoptotic or necrotic action. RAEC cell when incubated with SV1 and PSV1showed inhibition of VEGF secretion, observed when compounds were incubated at 25, 50 and 100 μg/μL. The VEGF secretion with the RAEC cell line for 24 h, was more effective for PSV1 at 50 μg/μL(71.4%) than SV1 100 μg/μL (75.9%). SV1 and PSV1 had an antiproliferative action (47%) against tumor cell line HeLa. Our results indicate that these sulfated polysaccharides have antiangiogenic and antitumoral actions

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This study examines the physical and chemical composition and the pharmacological effects of brown seaweed FRF 0.8 Lobophora variegata. Fractionation of the crude extract was done with the concentration of 0.8 volumes of acetone, obtaining the FRF 0.8. The physicochemical characterization showed that it was a fucana sulfated. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by paw edema model by the high rates of inhibition of the edema and the best results were in the fourth hour after induction (100 ± 1.4% at the dose of 75 mg / kg) and by the strong inhibitory activity of the enzyme myeloperoxidase (91.45% at the dose of 25 mg / kg). The hepataproteção was demonstrated by measurements of enzymatic and metabolic parameters indicative of liver damage, such as bilirubin (reduction in 68.81%, 70.68% and 68.21% for bilirubin total, direct and indirect, respectively at a dose of 75 mg / kg), ALT, AST and γ-GT (decrease of 76.93%, 44.58% and 50% respectively at a dose of 75 mg / kg) by analysis of histological slides of liver tissue, confirming that hepatoprotective effect the polymers of carbohydrates, showing a reduction in tissue damage caused by CCl4 and the inhibition of the enzyme complex of cytochrome P 450 (increasing sleep time in 54.6% and reducing the latency time in 71.43%). The effectiveness of the FRF 0.8 angiogenesis was examined in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized eggs, with the density of capillaries evaluated and scored, showing an effect proangigênico at all concentrations tested FRF (10 mg- 1000 mg). The FRF showed antioxidant activity on free radicals (by inhibiting Superoxide Radical in 55.62 ± 2.10%, Lipid Peroxidation in 100.15 ± 0.01%, Hydroxyl Radical in 41.84 ± 0.001% and 71.47 Peroxide in ± 2.69% at concentration of 0.62 mg / mL). The anticoagulant activity was observed with prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) at 50 mg (> 240 s), showing that its action occurs in the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. Thus, our results indicate that these sulfated polysaccharides are an important pharmacological target

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Angiogenesis, a fundamental mechanism in tumor development, is used for differential diagnosis and prognosis purposes in various neoplasias of the head and neck. This study proposes to assess angiogenic activity using immunohistochemical expression by anti-CD105 and anti-CD34 antibodies in 20 cases of hemangiomas and 20 cases of oral pyogenic granulomas, in addition to determining the usefulness of these markers as one of the differential diagnosis resources for these two oral lesions. The results showed no statistically significant difference between microvascular count (MVC) means determined by anti-CD105 (p = 0.803) and anti-CD34 (p = 0.279) antibodies. The mean number of vessels obtained by MVC in the oral hemangiomas immunostained by anti-CD105 and anti-CD34 was 18.75 and 59.72, respectively, whereas in the oral pyogenic granulomas, the mean number was 20.22 and 48.09 respectively. It was also shown that CD34 was more effective than CD105 in identifying blood vessels. However, it must be pointed out that the anti-CD105 antibody seems to be more related to vascular neoformation. Overall, this assay reinforces the role of angiogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of hemangiomas and oral pyogenic granulomas, but the results showed that angiogenesis quantification cannot be used as a differential diagnosis parameter between the two lesions analyzed

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Central giant cell lesion (CGCL) and peripheral giant cell lesion (PGCL) of the jaws have a distinct clinical behavior, although they share histopathologic features. It is still unclear whether these clinical differences are supported by a distinct pattern of immunoexpression of markers for multinucleated giant cells (GC) and mononuclear cells (MC). The purpose of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF, MMP-9 in CG and MC and measure the vascularization by vWF to check whether there are differences in expression of these biomarkers between CGCL and PGCL. Paraffin wax blocks of 20 cases of LCCG and 20 LPCG were retrieved. MMP-9 immunoreactivity was greater in the CM of PGCL compared to VEGF (p<0.05). VEGF expression was greater in the CM of CGCL compared to PGCL (p<0.05) and it was greater in the overall expression of CGCL compared to PGCL (p<0.05). Vascularity was quantified by microvascular counting (MVC). MVC was greater in the PGCL compared CGCL (p<0.05). MMP-9 showed a greater tendency of expression in CGCL, though was not significant (p>0.05). We tested correlation between the proteins studied in each group and found a significant negative correlation between VEGF and vWF in CGCL (p<0.05). These results suggest that there are differences in the expression of VEGF in CM and overall expression between the lesions, although no statistically significant difference in the overall expression of the MMP-9. Then, there was a trend in increased expression of MMP-9 and VEGF in CGCL, possibly by the involvement of both proteins in osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, the results of this study indicate a higher degree of vascularization in PGCL compared to CGCL, fact that can be directly linked to the reactive nature of the PGCL, where the inflammatory process with its rich angiogenesis contributes significantly to these findings.

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Periodontal disease is a complex inflammatory and infectious condition that immune host, front of the microbial aggressions, can lead to disease progression, resulting in tissue destruction. The tissue damage induces the release of regulatory molecules, which protective roles and / or destructive, including proteins VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor vascular) and HIF-1 α (hypoxia-induced factor α -1). Thus, this study investigated, quantitatively and comparatively, the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and HIF-1 α (hypoxia induced factor 1-α), proteins involved in inflammation, angiogenesis and hypoxia, in human gingival tissues. Therefore, 75 samples of gingival tissues were examined. Thirty samples were chronic periodontitis, 30 with chronic gingivitis and 15 healthy gingival. After sections analysis, positives and negatives inflammatory and endothelial cells in the connective tissue were counted and converted into percentage. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation. The results showed that both proteins marked. It was observed higher immunoreactivity for HIF-1 α at chronic gingivitis and periodontitis specimens compared to healthy sites, however, no statistically significant differences were observed among them (p>0.05). The VEGF immunostaining showed similarity among the cases of periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy gingiva. Moderate and positive correlation statistically significant differences were verified for the expressions of VEGF and HIF-1α in gingival health (r = 0,529, p = 0.04). Thus, it can be conclude that possibly the route of HIF-1 α, is activated in periodontal disease may have involvement of the protein in pathogenesis and progression of disease, and that activation of VEGF, can be in addition to being triggered transcription by HIF-1 α may be also influenced by other additional factors such as the action of periodontal microorganisms endotoxins

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The expression of glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT-1), as well the angiogenesis has been associated to clinical behavior and aggressiveness in tumors of various origin. It is believed that the expression of this protein denotes metabolic demand of the tumor cells and, thus its influence upon the formation of new blood vessels. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and the adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) represent, respectively, the most commom benign and malignant tumors of salivary glands. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the immunohistochemical expression of GLUT-1 and its correlation with angiogenesis in cases of PAs, ACCs and MECs considering their histological grades. The sample consisted of 20 PAs, 20 ACCs and 10 MECs. The cases were analyzed and classified according to their histological grades. The expression of GLUT-1 was evaluated in the parenchyma lesions, establishing the percentage of immunopositive cells, according to the following scores: 0 (no cell immunomarked), 1 (up to 25% of tumor cells immunostained), 2 (25 - 50% of tumor cells immunostained) and 3 (more than 50% of tumor cells immunostained). The angiogenic index was analyzed by counting the microvessels immunostained by anti-CD34 antibody, in 5 fields (200X). The analysis of the expression of GLUT-1 in tumor parenchyma showed statistically significant differences between benign and malignant groups (p = 0.022). The average number of microvessels in PAs was 40.4, 21.2 in ACCs and 66.5 in MECs, with significant differences between groups (p <0.001). When compared to the expression of GLUT-1 and angiogenic index as a whole, there was no significant correlation between the number of microvessels and the expression of GLUT-1 (r = 0.211, p = 0.141). In conclusion, the results of this study suggest not only that differences in biological behavior between PAs, ACCs and MECs may be associated to the expression of GLUT-1, but also that benign and malignant salivary gland present differences in the average number of microvessels, with higher levels considered more aggressive tumors. Furthermore, the number of newly formed microvessels can be independent of the metabolic demand of the tumor cells

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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are cytokines involved in proliferation and angiogenesis of many kind of human cancer. The present study analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of BMP-2, BMPR-II, BMPR-IA and endoglin (CD105) and their relationship with the biological behavior and local angiogenesis in tongue oral squamous cells carcinoma (SCC). The sample consisted of 25 cases of tongue SCC without metastasis, 25 tongue SCC with metastasis and 25 cases of Inflamatory Fibrous Hyperplasia (IFH).The histological grade of malignancy proposed by Bryne (1998), adapted by Miranda (2002) was used to classify all tongue SCC cases. Score 0 was attributed to absent-weak immunoexpression and score 1 for strong immunostaning and pattern of distribution was focal or diffuse. Microvessel counts (MVC) was established for CD105. Most of the patients with tongue SCC was male. The principal age in tongue SCC without metastasis was over 65 years and in tongue SCC with metastasis was between 45-65 years. There were predominance of stage II in TNM and in the specimens with high-grade, independent of studied group. For BMP-2, 56% of tongue SCC without metastasis and 72% tongue SCC with metastasis exhibited score 1 while the IFH showed secore 0 in 72% of the cases, with statistical association (p=0,007). Considering the BMPR-II, 52% of tongue SCC without metastasis exhibited score 0; 56% tongue SCC with metastasis and 60% IFH showed score 1. The majority cases of BMPR-IA demonstrated score 1 and 100% of CD105 exhibited strong immunoexpression in tongue SCC. Regarding the pattern distribution, it was noted a tendency to diffuse pattern for the proteins in all groups. The means of MVC were similar in tongue SCC without metastasis (32,91) and in tongue SCC with metastasis (32,05), however existed statistical difference with IFH (p<0,001). There was statistical association of BMP-2 expression with BMPR-II (p=0,008), BMPR-IA (p=0,006) and CD105 (p=0,046). An association between TNM and BMP-2 immunoexpression and their receptors was not detected, nevertheless this association was found with MVC (p=0,047) whose averages were higher for the stages II (35,97) e IV (35,69). No association between histological grading and these proteins was observed. This study suggests that the superexpression of BMP-2 signaling pathways acts on cell proliferation in tongue SCC and can be implicated with more invasive potential. Additionaly, the CD105 is a potent biological marker of neovascularization in this neoplasm and their association with BMP-2 and BMPR-IA receptor, showed that this type of cancer in BMP-2 is presented as pro-angiogenic in the metastatic process

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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OBJETIVO: Determinar a influência do Laser Terapêutico de Baixa Potência sobre a placa de crescimento de ratos. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos Wistar machos com 40 dias de idade foram divididos em dois grupos, G1 e G2. O grupo G1 foi submetido à irradiação com laser GaAlAs 830 nm, potência de saída de 40 mW, e densidade de energia de 10 J/cm2. A irradiação foi aplicada diariamente por um período máximo de 21 dias. O mesmo procedimento foi realizado no grupo G2, com a probe desativada. Cinco animais em cada grupo foram sacrificados nos dias 7, 14 e 21 e submetidas à análise histomorfométrica. RESULTADOS: em ambos os grupos, o disco fisário esteve radiograficamente visível em todos os momentos nas incidências craniocaudal e médio-lateral. No 21º dia a porcentagem de comprimento longitudinal do fêmur foi maior em G1 que em G2 em relação ao valor basal, e o número de condrócitos da zona hipertrófica foi maior em G1 que em G2. A zona de cartilagem calcificada estava maior em G1 em relação a G2 em todos os momentos de avaliação. A angiogênese foi maior em G1 que em G2 nos 14º e 21º dias. CONCLUSÃO: A terapia com laser terapêutico de baixa potência influenciou negativamente o disco fisário distal do fêmur de ratos.