387 resultados para Mutação


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The Set Covering Problem (SCP) plays an important role in Operational Research since it can be found as part of several real-world problems. In this work we report the use of a genetic algorithm to solve SCP. The algorithm starts with a population chosen by a randomized greedy algorithm. A new crossover operator and a new adaptive mutation operator were incorporated into the algorithm to intensify the search. Our algorithm was tested for a class of non-unicost SCP obtained from OR-Library without applying reduction techniques. The algorithms found good solutions in terms of quality and computational time. The results reveal that the proposed algorithm is able to find a high quality solution and is faster than recently published approaches algorithm is able to find a high quality solution and is faster than recently published approaches using the OR-Library.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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A anemia falciforme (AF) é a doença hematológica hereditária crônica de maior prevalência no Brasil, causada por uma mutação pontual no gene da β-globina, levando as hemácias a adquirirem formato de foice quando em estado desoxigenado. Essa alteração estrutural causa aumento da adesão celular, hipóxia local, vaso-oclusão e alterações na coagulação. O quadro clínico dos pacientes é diversificado, predominando a dor causada pelo processo inflamatório agudo e crônico, além de complicações que podem ocasionar infarto de tecidos e órgãos, levando à morte. O único fármaco aprovado pelo FDA disponível para o tratamento da doença é a hidroxiuréia (HU), mas, devido a sua toxicidade, têm sido intensificadas as buscas por novas possibilidades terapêuticas. O fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α) é uma citocina pró-inflamatória presente em grande quantidade nos pacientes portadores da doença, e o óxido nítrico pode contribuir para vasodilatação e proteção vascular. Assim, propôs-se a síntese e avaliação farmacológica de candidatos a fármacos para o tratamento da AF, desenhados com o propósito de apresentar propriedades inibidoras do TNF-α e doadoras de óxido nítrico (NO). Foi avaliada a estabilidade química dos compostos sintetizados, em água, pH 1,2 e pH 7,4, sendo o Composto II o mais estável tanto em pH ácido como em água. Em pH básico, todos os compostos se mostraram instáveis. Os compostos III e VI apresentaram uma maior inibição da agregação plaquetária, atividade também atribuída à capacidade de doação de NO. O composto III foi o único a mostrar-se inibidor de TNF-α e IL-1β, em todas as concentrações avaliadas, e, também, mostrou-se inibidor de NO, no teste induzido por LPS. Diante de todos os ensaios realizados, o composto III é o mais promissor candidato a fármaco, entre os compostos sintetizados, para o tratamento dos sintomas da anemia falciforme.

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O câncer é uma doença que tem início quando ocorre uma mutação genética no DNA da célula, onde o mecanismo de controle do crescimento normal do tecido celular é alterado. O tratamento do câncer por radioterapia tem como objetivo a eliminação das células cancerígenas ou alívio dos sintomas. Este trabalho visa estudar conceitos envolvidos no planejamento do tratamento de câncer por radioterapia, o modelo de programação linear, os métodos Primal-Dual-Afim-Escala e Primal-Dual-Clássico e apresentar uma aplicação dos métodos para problemas gerais de otimização

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The goal of our article is build – including universes to support empirical research in communication – an educational matrix for a different order of analysis, incorporating new possibilities available for the advancement of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). For this goal we use the game, as a source of playful learning and formation of being. Introducing the interaction from game plataform as middle convergent, where it is possible the diffusion and expansion of knowled in constant way that enables education and information exchanges oustide the status quo of schools, increasing the e effectiveness of knowledge fixing and interest to acquire it.

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Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is a benign uncommon lesion (1%-4% of gastric benign lesions), originated from the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. Its origin is controversial and immunohistochemical studies of lesions have largely refuted the possible vascular, neural or smooth muscle origin. Recent studies suggest a neoplastic etiology due to a mutation, in some cases, in the alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor gene (PDGFRa). Our objective is to report the case of a patient aged 70 years, with gastric IFP, comparing her immunohistochemical profile with those of other studies, and a brief review of the literature.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The Literary adaptation for television miniseries are present in the schedule grids of Brazilian television channels. We can afford that it is about a line of production of the most relevant in the two main television networks that maintain a project of teledramaturgy. The Strong presence of miniseries imposes the need to investigate the process of intersemiotic translation from the literary text to the audiovisual text on the way to reflect the esthetics of these productions in front of the constants process of tecnology mutation. In this sense the goal of this research is to analize the book adaptation O canto da sereia for television, where we identify the discursivas strategies that structure the narrativity, the themes and the figures that enable the identification with the original literary text

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The exercise-induced collapse (EIC) is a hereditary disease characterized by muscle weakness, impaired locomotion and collapse after intense exercise. This autossomic recessive disorder affects mainly Labrador Retriever presenting the mutation c.767G>T in the dynamin 1 (DNM1) gene. The objective of this study is to report the first case of exercise-induced collapse in Labrador Retriever in Brazil. The molecular test detected the specific genetic mutation and confirmed the clinical diagnosis in a Labrador Retriever with clinical history of weakness and collapse after exercise. It is important to include this disease as part of the differential diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases in Labrador Retriever and use the molecular test to guide matings.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The most important role played by the enzyme Glucose- 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) in erythrocyte metabolism is in generating energy and reducing power used to protect the cell against oxidative attack. G6PD deficiency is the erythroenzymopathy that most frequently causes hemolytic anemia, and more than 130 molecular variants have already been identified. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic mutations in the G6PD-deficient adult males in the population of the region of Araraquara, São Paulo State. Out of 5087 male blood donors, 89 were deficient for G6PD, as confirmed by assaying the enzyme activity and electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. Thus, a frequency of 1.75% of G6PD-deficient patients was found, this value being similar to other investigations in São Paulo state. Molecular analysis was performed by amplification of genomic DNA with specific primers and digestion with restriction enzymes. In 96.6% of the patients, the G6PD A¯ variant was observed, with mutations at residues 376(A→G) and 202(G→A). Mean G6PD specific activity among the patients was 1.31 IU.g Hb-1.min-1 at 37ºC, that is 10.8% of the normal activity of the G6PD B enzyme. The variant forms G6PD A¯ 680(G→T) and 968(T→C) were not found. In 3.4% of the deficient individuals, the G6PD Mediterranean variant was found, with a mutation at 563(C→T). In these cases, mean enzymatic activity was 0.25 IU.g Hb-1.min-1 at 37ºC, or 2.1% of the enzymatic activity of G6PD B. The use of traditional techniques, allied to the identification of the different molecular variants, is important for the understanding of the structural and functional properties and hemolytic behavior of the red blood cells of the patient.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

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Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB