Geoprocessamento aplicado no uso e ocupação do solo no município de Lençóis Paulista/SP: Milena Montanholi Mileski. -

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Digressões, transgressões, agressões: a Bíblia nos contos de Machado de Assis

Pós-graduação em Letras - IBILCE

Biodigestão anaeróbia da cama de frangos de corte com ou sem separação das frações sólida e líquida

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Características quantitativas e qualitativas da cama de frango sob diferentes reutilizações: efeitos na produção de biogás e biofertilizante

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Evaluation of Bone Heating, Drill Deformation, and Drill Roughness After Implant Osteotomy: Guided Surgery and Classic Drilling Procedure

Purpose: This study evaluated and compared bone heating, drill deformation, and drill roughness after several implant osteotomies in the guided surgery technique and the classic drilling procedure. Materials and Methods: The tibias of 20 rabbits were used. The animals were divided into a guided surgery group (GG) and a control group (CG); subgroups were then designated (G0, G1, G2, G3, and G4, corresponding to drills used 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 times, respectively). Each animal received 10 sequential osteotomies (5 in each tibia) with each technique. Thermal changes were quantified, drill roughness was measured, and the drills were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. Results: Bone temperature generated by drilling was significantly higher in the GG than in the CG. Drill deformation in the GG and CG increased with drill use, and in the CG a significant difference between GO and groups G3 and G4 was observed. In the GG, a significant difference between GO and all other groups was found. For GG versus CG, a significant difference was found in the 40th osteotomy. Drill roughness in both groups was progressive in accordance with increased use, but there was no statistically significant difference between subgroups or between GG and CG overall. Conclusion: During preparation of implant osteotomies, the guided surgery technique generated a higher bone temperature and deformed drills more than the classic drilling procedure. The increase in tissue temperature was directly proportional to the number of times drills were used, but neither technique generated critical necrosis-inducing temperatures. Drill deformation was directly proportional to the number of times the drills were used. The roughness of the drills was directly proportional to the number of reuses in both groups but tended to be higher in the GG group.

Hepatitis B virus infection in Haemodialysis Centres from Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Predictive risk factors for infection and molecular epidemiology

Abstract Background Patients under haemodialysis are considered at high risk to acquire hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Since few data are reported from Brazil, our aim was to assess the frequency and risk factors for HBV infection in haemodialysis patients from 22 Dialysis Centres from Santa Catarina State, south of Brazil. Methods This study includes 813 patients, 149 haemodialysis workers and 772 healthy controls matched by sex and age. Serum samples were assayed for HBV markers and viraemia was detected by nested PCR. HBV was genotyped by partial S gene sequencing. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses with stepwise logistic regression analysis were carried out to analyse the relationship between HBV infection and the characteristics of patients and their Dialysis Units. Results Frequency of HBV infection was 10.0%, 2.7% and 2.7% among patients, haemodialysis workers and controls, respectively. Amidst patients, the most frequent HBV genotypes were A (30.6%), D (57.1%) and F (12.2%). Univariate analysis showed association between HBV infection and total time in haemodialysis, type of dialysis equipment, hygiene and sterilization of equipment, number of times reusing the dialysis lines and filters, number of patients per care-worker and current HCV infection. The logistic regression model showed that total time in haemodialysis, number of times of reusing the dialysis lines and filters, and number of patients per worker were significantly related to HBV infection. Conclusions Frequency of HBV infection among haemodialysis patients at Santa Catarina state is very high. The most frequent HBV genotypes were A, D and F. The risk for a patient to become HBV positive increase 1.47 times each month of haemodialysis; 1.96 times if the dialysis unit reuses the lines and filters ≥ 10 times compared with haemodialysis units which reuse < 10 times; 3.42 times if the number of patients per worker is more than five. Sequence similarity among the HBV S gene from isolates of different patients pointed out to nosocomial transmission.

The physical city and the urban structure: detecting amenity zones and applying urban morphology to New York

The city is a collection of built structures and infrastructure embedded in socio-cultural processes: any investigation into a city’s transformations involves considerations on the degree to which its composite elements respond to socio-economical changes. The main purpose of this research is to investigate how transformations in the functional requirements of New York’s society have spurred, since the 1970s, changes in both the city’s urban structure and physical form. The present work examines the rise of Amenity Zones in New York, and investigates the transformations that have occurred in New York’s built environment since the 1970s. By applying qualitative measures and analyzing the relationship between urban amenities and the creative class, the present work has investigated changes in the urban structure and detected a hierarchical series of amenity zones classes, namely, Super Amenity Zones (SAZs), Nodal Amenity Zones (NAZs) and Peripheral Amenity Zones (PAZs). This series allows for a more comprehensive reading of the urban structure in a complex city like New York, bringing advancements to the amenity zone’s methodology. In order to examine the manner in which the other component of the city, the physical form, has changed or adapted to the new socio-economic condition, the present research has applied Conzenian analysis to a select study area, Atlantic Avenue. The results of this analysis reveal that, contrary to the urban structure, which changes rapidly, the physical form of New York is hard to modify completely, due to the resilience of the town plan and its elements, and to preservation laws; the city rather adapts to socio-economical changes through process of adaptive reuses or conversion. Concluding, this research has examined the dialectic between the ever-changing needs of society and the complexity of the built environment and urban structure, showing the different degrees to which the urban landscape modifies, reacts and sometimes adapts to the population’s functional requirements.

Meta-Environment and Executable Meta-Language using Smalltalk: an Experience Report

Object-oriented modelling languages such as EMOF are often used to specify domain specific meta-models. However, these modelling languages lack the ability to describe behavior or operational semantics. Several approaches have used a subset of Java mixed with OCL as executable meta-languages. In this experience report we show how we use Smalltalk as an executable meta-language in the context of the Moose reengineering environment. We present how we implemented EMOF and its behavioral aspects. Over the last decade we validated this approach through incrementally building a meta-described reengineering environment. Such an approach bridges the gap between a code-oriented view and a meta-model driven one. It avoids the creation of yet another language and reuses the infrastructure and run-time of the underlying implementation language. It offers an uniform way of letting developers focus on their tasks while at the same time allowing them to meta-describe their domain model. The advantage of our approach is that developers use the same tools and environment they use for their regular tasks. Still the approach is not Smalltalk specific but can be applied to language offering an introspective API such as Ruby, Python, CLOS, Java and C#.

Improving abstract interpretations by combining domains

This article considers static analysis based on abstract interpretation of logic programs over combined domains. It is known that analyses over combined domains provide more information potentially than obtained by the independent analyses. However, the construction of a combined analysis often requires redefining the basic operations for the combined domain. A practical approach to maintain precision in combined analyses of logic programs which reuses the individual analyses and does not redefine the basic operations is illustrated. The advantages of the approach are that proofs of correctness for the new domains are not required and implementations can be reused. The approach is demonstrated by showing that a combined sharing analysis — constructed from "old" proposals — compares well with other "new" proposals suggested in recent literature both from the point of view of efficiency and accuracy.

Investigación técnica y económica sobre desinfección de aguas residuales por sistemas de oxidación

Un incremento de la demanda del agua, junto con el aumento de la contaminación, ha provocado que hoy en día la reutilización de las aguas depuradas sea necesaria, pero la reutilización de aguas debe garantizar y minimizar los posibles riesgos sanitarios y medioambientales que su práctica pueda provocar. En España estos parámetros se encuentran regulados por el RD 1620/2007 relativo al régimen jurídico de la reutilización de las aguas depuradas. Las aguas regeneradas son aguas que ya han sido sometidas a un tratamiento de depuración, y a las cuales se aplica un posterior tratamiento adicional o complementario que permita adecuar su calidad al uso al que vaya a destinarse. Siendo requeridos para los distintos reúsos procesos de desinfección, uno de los principales sistemas utilizados es el cloro, debido a su sencilla aplicación y costos bajos, sin tomar en cuenta la posible formación de compuestos organohalogenados potencialmente cancerígenos. Es por esto que surge la necesidad de aplicar distintos sistemas de oxidación objeto de estudio en esta tesis, como el dióxido de cloro estabilizado, ozono y los procesos avanzados de oxidación (Advanced Oxidation Processes, AOP), ozono/peróxido y uv/peróxido. En esta tesis se investiga los rendimientos que pueden alcanzar estos sistemas en la eliminación de los ácidos húmicos y los fenoles, siendo las principales sustancias formadoras de subproductos de la desinfección, así mismo, se considera necesario garantizar la desinfección del agua a través del estudio de tres grupos de microrganismos, los coliformes totales, e. coli y enterococos, siendo un punto importante el posible recrecimiento microbiológico debido a una desinfección escasa, por la permanencia en el agua de los compuestos antes mencionados, o por alguna fuente de alimento que pudieran encontrar en el sistema de distribución. Lo más importante será la calidad que se pueda alcanzar con estos desinfectantes, con el fin de obtener agua para los distintos reúsos que existen en la actualidad. Y así no limitar los alcances que puede tener la reutilización de las aguas residuales. Basándose en lo antes mencionado se procedió a realizar la caracterización del agua del rio Manzanares, con el fin de determinar la cantidad de ácidos húmicos disueltos y fenoles, obteniendo valores bajos, se decidió incorporar a las muestras de rio 5 mg/L de estos compuestos, con el fin de observar de que manera podrían interferir en la desinfección de esta agua. De esta forma se logran obtener resultados óptimos de los sistemas de desinfección estudiados, siendo el Ozono un oxidante eficiente en la desinfección de los microrganismos y en la eliminación de ácidos húmicos y fenoles con tiempos de contacto cortos, mostrando deficiencias al permitir el recrecimiento de los coliformes totales. Del sistema de oxidación avanzada UV/Peróxido se determino como un eficiente desinfectante para garantizar la inexistencia de rebrotes, al paso del tiempo. Así mismo se concluye que tiene buenos rendimientos en la eliminación del ácido húmico y los fenoles. An increase in water demand, coupled with increasing pollution, has caused today reuse of treated water is necessary, but must ensure water reuse and minimize potential health and environmental risks that their practice is cause. In Spain these parameters are regulated by Royal Decree 1620/2007 on the legal regime of the reuse of treated water. The reclaimed water is water that has already been subjected to a depuration treatment, which is applied as a subsequent further treatment that will bring quality to the use to which is to be delivered. As required for various reuses disinfection processes, one of the main systems used is chlorine, due to its simple implementation and low costs, without taking into account the possible formation of potentially carcinogenic halogenated organic compounds. That is why there is a need to apply different oxidation systems studied in this thesis, as stabilized chlorine dioxide, ozone and advanced oxidation processes (AOP), ozone/peroxide and UV/peroxide. This thesis investigates the rates can reach these systems in removing humic acids and phenols, the main substances forming disinfection byproducts, likewise, it is considered necessary to ensure water disinfection through the study of three groups of microorganisms, total coliform, e. coli and enterococci, the important point being a possible regrowth due to microbiological disinfection scarce, the water remaining on the aforementioned compounds, or a food source which may be found in the distribution system. The most important quality is that achievable with these disinfectants, with the water to obtain various reuses that exist today. And thus not limit the scope that can be reuse of wastewater. Based on the above we proceeded to perform characterization Manzanares river water, in order to determine the quantity of dissolved humic acids and phenols, obtaining low values, it was decided to incorporate river samples 5 mg / L of these compounds, in order to observe how they might interfere with the disinfection of the water. Thus optimum results are achieved for disinfection systems studied, being efficient ozone oxidant in the disinfection of microorganisms and the removal of humic acids and phenols with short contact times, showing gaps to allow regrowth total coliforms. Advanced oxidation system UV / peroxide were determined as an efficient disinfectant to ensure the absence of volunteers, the passage of time. Also it is concluded that has good yields in removing humic acid and phenols.

Transforming meteorological data into linked data

This paper describes the process followed in order to make some of the public meterological data from the Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET, Spanish Meteorological Office) available as Linked Data. The method followed has been already used to publish geographical, statistical, and leisure data. The data selected for publication are generated every ten minutes by the 250 automatic stations that belong to AEMET and that are deployed across Spain. These data are available as spreadsheets in the AEMET data catalog, and contain more than twenty types of measurements per station. Spreadsheets are retrieved from the website, processed with Python scripts, transformed to RDF according to an ontology network about meteorology that reuses the W3C SSN Ontology, published in a triple store and visualized in maps with Map4rdf.

An evolutionary algorithm for the surface structure problem

Many macroscopic properties: hardness, corrosion, catalytic activity, etc. are directly related to the surface structure, that is, to the position and chemical identity of the outermost atoms of the material. Current experimental techniques for its determination produce a “signature” from which the structure must be inferred by solving an inverse problem: a solution is proposed, its corresponding signature computed and then compared to the experiment. This is a challenging optimization problem where the search space and the number of local minima grows exponentially with the number of atoms, hence its solution cannot be achieved for arbitrarily large structures. Nowadays, it is solved by using a mixture of human knowledge and local search techniques: an expert proposes a solution that is refined using a local minimizer. If the outcome does not fit the experiment, a new solution must be proposed again. Solving a small surface can take from days to weeks of this trial and error method. Here we describe our ongoing work in its solution. We use an hybrid algorithm that mixes evolutionary techniques with trusted region methods and reuses knowledge gained during the execution to avoid repeated search of structures. Its parallelization produces good results even when not requiring the gathering of the full population, hence it can be used in loosely coupled environments such as grids. With this algorithm, the solution of test cases that previously took weeks of expert time can be automatically solved in a day or two of uniprocessor time.

Diseño de Solución Interoperable para Aplicaciones M2M

La mejora de las tecnologías ha tenido un importante impacto en Internet, así como en el número de usuarios. Este crecimiento sigue en aumento y se estima que en 2020 se alcancen 50 billones de dispositivos conectados a Internet, este impulso es en parte gracias a la interconexión de las “máquinas” entre ellas y con Internet, el concepto denominado M2M. Esta conexión entre dispositivos ofrece la posibilidad de mejorar los servicios dados a los usuarios y crear nuevos. Existen importantes alicientes en la evolución de M2M, sobre todo guiada por la gran cantidad de posibilidades ofrecidas y los beneficios que conllevan, sin embargo la falta de estandarización y horizontalidad se presentan como un problema para el crecimiento e implantación de M2M debido a la gran variedad de “maquinas” conectadas. El objetivo de este Proyecto Fin de Carrera es diseñar una plataforma que sea capaz de abarcar las funcionalidades que den soporte a las distintas necesidades de varias aplicaciones M2M, consiguiendo una arquitectura software horizontal que reutilice al máximo las funcionalidades comunes entre las aplicaciones cubiertas. De esta manera se presenta una solución a la falta de horizontalidad en las plataformas M2M. Este Proyecto Fin de Carrera está dividido en varias partes. Se comenzará con una introducción que sitúa en el contexto tecnológico de M2M en forma de estudio de estado del arte, abarcando los principales temas y conceptos relacionados con Machine-to-Machine. Posteriormente se realiza una propuesta de una arquitectura software M2M que permite focalizar los esfuerzos de la misma en un concentrado grupo de sectores y aplicaciones. A continuación se estudian las necesidades de los sectores y aplicaciones seleccionadas y se desarrollan las funcionalidades que incluye la plataforma, de esta manera se alcanza un modelo de arquitectura horizontal que es capaz de cubrir varios sectores. Se estudian los distintos resultados obtenidos en el desarrollo de la plataforma,validando el modelo obtenido con los resultados esperados. Finalmente se enunciarán los próximos pasos a seguir para la implementación de la plataforma. ABSTRACT. The development of technology has had an important impact on Internet, as well as on the number of users. This growth is increasing and it is estimated to reach 50 billion remotely connected devices by 2020, this momentum is partially due to interconnection between "machines" and their connection with internet, this concept is called M2M. The connection between devices gives the possibility to improve the services offered to users and to create new services. There are important incentives in the M2M evolution, mainly driven by the big amount of benefits offered; however the lack of standardization and horizontalization is a problem for the M2M growth and deployment due to the big variety of connected "machines". The aim of this Degree Project is to design a platform that will be capable of including the functionalities that will give support to the different needs of several M2M applications, achieving a horizontal software architecture that reuses the common functionalities between the applications supported. This architecture will be presented as a solution to the lack of horizontalization in M2M. This Degree Project is divided in several parts. It starts with an introduction that will place the reader in state of the art of the M2M technology context, covering the main themes and related concepts. After this introduction, a proposal of a horizontal M2M software architecture will be presented, that will allow to focus the efforts on a group of selected sectors and applications. Then, the needs of sectors and applications will be studied, and the main functionalities will be developed, in this way a model for a horizontal architecture will be reached, that will be able to cover several sectors. The resulting platform will be studied, in order to validate the model obtained with the expected results. Finally, the next steps to implement the platform are described.

3D segmentations of neuronal nuclei from confocal microscope image stacks

In this paper, we present an algorithm to create 3D segmentations of neuronal cells from stacks of previously segmented 2D images. The idea behind this proposal is to provide a general method to reconstruct 3D structures from 2D stacks, regardless of how these 2D stacks have been obtained. The algorithm not only reuses the information obtained in the 2D segmentation, but also attempts to correct some typical mistakes made by the 2D segmentation algorithms (for example, under segmentation of tightly-coupled clusters of cells). We have tested our algorithm in a real scenario?the segmentation of the neuronal nuclei in different layers of the rat cerebral cortex. Several representative images from different layers of the cerebral cortex have been considered and several 2D segmentation algorithms have been compared. Furthermore, the algorithm has also been compared with the traditional 3D Watershed algorithm and the results obtained here show better performance in terms of correctly identified neuronal nuclei.

Emissões de gases de efeito estufa e amônia oriundas da criação de frangos de corte em múltiplos reúsos da cama

Vários países têm buscado investigar as emissões de gases do efeito estufa (GEE) e amônia (NH3) na atividade animal para melhor compreensão da dinâmica e excesso desses gases na atmosfera. As informações disponíveis na literatura sobre as emissões de GEE e NH3 em aviários são variáveis e incertas devido à diversidade e condições particulares das instalações, bem como das inúmeras diferenças no sistema de criação e das complexas interações observadas nos dejetos dos animais. A caracterização das emissões do setor avícola normalmente é realizada por monitoramento aéreo das concentrações dos gases dentro das instalações de produção. No entanto, alguns métodos adotados são insuficientes devido às interferências de outros gases, razão por que as medições podem não refletir, com exatidão, as emissões reais. Diante dessa complexidade, nesta pesquisa buscou-se aplicar técnicas que apresentam menores interferências, bem como desenvolver um sistema de amostragem para medir diretamente as emissões de N2O, CH4 e NH3 dos dejetos de frangos de corte. No desenvolvimento do método, utilizou-se como referência o princípio da câmara estática fechada e a análise por cromatografia gasosa (CG), para estimar as emissões de GEE. Para quantificação direta das emissões de NH3, adaptou-se um método semiaberto estático, baseado na captura, em meio ácido, do NH3 volatilizado dos dejetos das aves. Adicionalmente, buscou-se monitorar as emissões diárias de NH3, CH4 e N2O dos dejetos dos frangos, considerando o típico manejo de reutilização da cama de frango. Foram propostos modelos empíricos para as predições das emissões de N2O, CH4 e NH3, em função do número de reutilizações da cama, da idade das aves e de propriedades físico-químicas da cama de frango. As emissões acumuladas por quatro ciclos de criação permitiram calcular perdas anuais de 0,14, 0,35, e 72,0 g de N2O, CH4 e NH3 ave-alojada-1 ano-1, respectivamente. Considerando o número de frangos de corte alojados em 2015, a atividade avícola emitiu cerca de 545,1 Gg CO2eq pelo manejo dos dejetos nos aviários, correspondente a 0,04 kg CO2eq por kg de carne. Reduções de 21, 40 e 78% foram observadas nas emissões anuais de N2O, CH4 e NH3, respectivamente, ao utilizar (seis ciclos) a cama somente em um ciclo de criação. Contudo, um balanço de N foi conduzido para contabilizar as entradas e saídas de N na produção de frangos de corte durante os quatro ciclos de criação avaliados. A principal entrada de N no sistema foi pela ração, como entrada secundária, o N via cama de frango, o qual aumentou consideravelmente a cada ciclo de reutilização. Considerando que esta pesquisa apresenta uma metodologia aplicável e inovadora para determinar os fluxos de GEE em galpões abertos no país, os dados serão úteis para o inventário anual brasileiro das emissões de GEE oriundas dos dejetos da avicultura de corte. Os resultados são úteis também para incentivar novas pesquisas que possam avançar no conhecimento de impactos e alternativas de mitigação de GEE na produção de frangos de corte e, adicionalmente, conferir sustentabilidade à produção de carne no Brasil