Test performance indicators from a single soccer specific fitness test differentiate between highly trained and recreationally active soccer players

Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a single soccer specific fitness test (SSFT) could differentiate between highly trained and recreationally active soccer players in selected test performance indicators. Methods. Subjects: 13 Academy Scholars (AS) from a professional soccer club and 10 Recreational Players (RP) agreed to participate in this study. Test 1-(V)over dotO(2) max was estimated from a progressive shuttle run test to exhaustion. Test 2-The SSFT was controlled by an automated procedure and alternated between walking, sprinting, jogging and cruise running speeds. Three activity blocks (1A, 2A and 3A) were separated by 3 min rest periods in which blood lactate samples were drawn. The 3 blocks of activity (Part A) were followed by 10 min of exercise at speeds alternating between jogging and cruise running (Part B). Results. Estimated (V)over dotO(2) max did not significantly differ between groups, although a trend for a higher aerobic capacity was evident in AS (p<0.09). Exercising heart rates did not differ between AS and RP, however, recovery heart rates taken from the 3 min rest periods were significantly lower in AS compared with RP following blocks 1A (124.65 b(.)min(-1) +/-7.73 and 133.98 b(.)min(-1) +/-6.63), (p<0.05) and 3A (129.91 b.min(-1) +/-10.21 and 138.85 b.min(-1) +/-8.70), (p<0.01). Blood lactate concentrations were significantly elevated in AS in comparison to RP following blocks 2A (6.91 mmol(.)l(-1) +/-2.67 and 4.74 mmol(.)l(-1) +/-1.28) and 3A (7.18 mmol(.)l(-1) +/-2.97 and 4.88 mmol(.)l(-1) +/-1.50), (p<0.05). AS sustained significantly faster average sprint times in block 3A compared with RP (3.18 sec +/-0.12 and 3.31 sec +/-0.12), (p<0.05). Conclusion. The results of this study show that highly trained soccer players are able to sustain, and more quickly recover from, high intensity intermittent exercise.

Metabolic power method underestimates energy expenditure in field sport movements using a GPS tracking system

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of a GPS tracking system to estimate energy expenditure (EE) during exercise and field sport locomotor movements. Twenty-seven participants each completed one 90 minute exercise session on an outdoor synthetic futsal pitch. During the exercise session participants wore a 5 Hz GPS unit interpolated to 15 Hz (SPI HPU, GPSports Pty Ltd, Australia) and a portable gas analyser (Metamax® 3B, Cortex Pty Ltd, Germany) which acted as the criterion measure of EE. The exercise session was comprised of alternating five minute exercise bouts of randomised walking, jogging, running or a field sport circuit (x3) followed by 10 minutes of recovery. One-way ANOVA showed significant (p<0.01) and very large underestimations between GPS metabolic power derived EE and VO2 derived EE for all field sport circuits (% difference ≈ -44%). No differences in EE were observed for the jog (7.8%) and run (4.8%) while very large overestimations were found for the walk (43.0%). The GPS metabolic power EE over the entire 90 minute session was significantly lower (p<0.01) than the VO2 EE, resulting in a moderate underestimation overall (-19%). The results of this study suggest that a GPS tracking system using the metabolic power model of EE does not accurately estimate EE in field sport movements or over an exercise session consisting of mixed locomotor activities interspersed with recovery periods; however is able to provide a reasonably accurate estimation of EE during continuous jogging and running.

Respostas lactacidêmicas de ratos ao treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos do desempenho aeróbio na máxima fase estável de lactato sanguíneo determinada em protocolo intermitente na natação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Manipulation of Rest Period Length Induces Different Causes of Fatigue in Vertical Jumping

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito da recuperação na máxima fase estável de lactato sanguíneo

The objective of this study was to compare the power corresponding to maximal lactate steady state determined through continuous (MLSSC) and intermittent protocol with active recovery (MLSSI). Ten trained male cyclists (25 +/- 4 yr., 72.5 +/- 10.6 kg, 178.5 +/- 4.0 cm), performed the following tests on a cycle ergometer: (1) incremental test until voluntary exhaustion to determine the maximal power (Pmax); (2) two to five constant workload tests to determine MLSSC, and; 3) two to three constant workload tests to determine MLSSI, consisting on eight repetitions of four minutes interspersed by two minutes of recovery at 50% Pmax. The MLSSC (273.2 +/- 21.4 W) was significantly lower than MLSSI (300.5 +/- 23.9 W). With base on these data, it can be verified that the intermittent exercise mode utilized in this study, allows an increase of 10% approximately, in the exercise intensity corresponding to MLSS.

Respostas fisiológicas durante o exercício contínuo e intermitente: implicações para a avaliação e a prescrição do treinamento aeróbio

The objective of this study was to review the acute responses to maximal and supramaximal intermittent exercise (intensities near or above maximal oxygen uptake - iVO(2)max), and also at submaximal intermittent exercise, with intensities near maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). At the conditions of interval training above 100% iVO(2)max with short repetitions (<60 s), the passive recovery between the repetitions allows higher intensity during sets. For longer repetitions, the active recovery can be more efficient, since promotes greater blood lactate removal and longer time near VO(2)max. At the conditions of submaximal interval training, the relationship between intensity and duration of the repetitions are still maintained, i.e., the longer durations (>300 s) allow lower intensities and the shorter (150-300 s) allow higher intensities, with similar metabolic conditions (i.e., MLSS). However, both recovery types can be utilized, since they proportionate similar intensities at these conditions.

There is no anaerobic work capacity replenishment at critical power intensity: An indirect evidence

Aim. - This study aimed to test if investigate whether the anaerobic work capacity is replenished while exercising at critical power intensity. Then, a known exercise duration, which demands high anaerobic energy contribution, was compared to intermittent exercise duration with passive and active (cycling at critical power intensity) rest periods.Methods. - Nine participants performed five sessions of testing. From the 1st to the 3rd sessions, individuals cycled continuously at different workloads (P-high, P-intermediate and P-low) in order to estimate the critical power and the anaerobic work capacity. The 4th and 5th sessions were performed in order to determine the influence of anaerobic work capacity replenishment oil exercise duration. They consisted of manipulating the resting type (passive or active) between two cycling efforts. The total exercise duration was determined by the sum of the two cycling efforts duration.Results. - The exercise duration under passive resting condition (408.0 +/- 42.0 s) was longer (p<0.05) than known exercise duration at P-intermediate (T-intermediate = 305.8 +/- 30.5 s) and than exercise duration performed under active resting conditions (T-active = 304.4 +/- 30.7s). However, there was no significant difference between T-intermediate and T-active.Conclusion. - These results demonstrated indirect evidence that the anaerobic work capacity is not replenished while exercising at critical power intensity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Efeito do exercício físico contínuo e intervalado no peso e perfil bioquímico de ratas Wistar prenhes e consequências no peso da prole

INTRODUÇÃO: A prática de atividade física é reconhecida como fator importante para a preservação, recuperação e manutenção da saúde. O estímulo à prática de exercícios é crescente, mas quando relacionado à gravidez, dúvidas surgem sobre os efeitos deletérios ou salutares na mãe e no feto. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do exercício físico intervalado e contínuo no perfil bioquímico de ratas Wistar prenhes e avaliar o efeito destes exercícios no peso da placenta e dos filhotes. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se 45 ratas Wistar divididas em grupos de 15 animais segundo o tipo de exercício: controle (GC), exercício contínuo (GCO) e exercício intermitente (GIN). Os exercícios constituíram-se de natação forçada, cinco dias por semana, em piscinas individuais: exercício contínuo (duração de 45 minutos diários com sobrecarga de 5% do peso corporal) e intermitente (45 minutos com estímulos de 15 segundos de exercício e 15 de repouso com sobrecarga de 15% do peso corporal). O exercício foi praticado do primeiro ao 20º dia de prenhez. Após este período avaliou-se o peso e os níveis de glicemia, colesterol total, LDL-C, HDL-C e triglicérides das ratas, assim como o peso da placenta e dos filhotes. RESULTADOS: Não se observou modificação no peso das mães. Houve redução significativa nos níveis de LDL-C. O peso das placentas não variou, mas os pesos dos filhotes variaram estatisticamente entre os três grupos (4,153 ± 0,649; 3,682 ± 0,070 e 3,453 ± 0,052, respectivamente, para os filhos de mães do GC, GIN e GCO). CONCLUSÕES: Conclui-se que a prática do exercício físico contínuo e intermitente por ratas prenhes, neste modelo experimental, não interferiu no peso corpóreo das mesmas, mas interferiu no peso dos filhotes ao nascer

Exercício físico e menopausa

A deficiência de estrógenos, as alterações do perfil lipídico, o ganho de peso e o sedentarismo são considerados os principais fatores para a maior prevalência de hipertensão arterial em mulheres na menopausa. Na tentativa de reduzir a incidência da hipertensão arterial nessa população, diversas abordagens têm sido empregadas, porém a maioria dos trabalhos mostra que, nesse momento, a mudança de estilo de vida parece ser a melhor estratégia para o controle da hipertensão arterial e de seus fatores de risco nessa fase de vida da mulher - entre elas a prática de atividade física regular. O exercício físico contínuo, no qual a intensidade é mantida constante (leve/moderada), tem sido empregado na maioria dos trabalhos dentro da área de Saúde, com evidentes efeitos benéficos sobre as doenças cardiovasculares e endócrino-metabólicas. A prescrição do exercício contínuo caracteriza-se por atividades de pelo menos 30 minutos, três dias por semana, numa intensidade de 50 a 70% da frequência cardíaca máxima. O exercício físico intermitente caracteriza-se por alterações em sua intensidade durante a realização do treinamento, podendo variar de 50 a 85% da frequência cardíaca máxima, durante dez minutos. Atualmente, o exercício físico intermitente tem sido também empregado como forma de treinamento físico em diversas clínicas de controle de peso e em treinamentos personalizados, o que é devido ao menor tempo de execução do exercício físico intermitente. Além disso, trabalhos mostram que as adaptações metabólicas e o condicionamento físico são similares aos observados no exercício contínuo, que exigem maior tempo de execução para obter as mesmas adaptações celulares. Assim, essa revisão abordou a importância do exercício físico no controle da pressão arterial bem como os principais estudos conduzidos em modelos experimentais de menopausa e em mulheres, relacionando a hipertensão arterial e os mecanismos envolvidos em sua gênese e as perspectivas futuras.

Anaerobic contribution during maximal anaerobic running test: correlation with maximal accumulated oxygen deficit

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Exercício contínuo e intermitente: Efeitos do treinamento e do destreinamento sobre a gordura corporal de ratos obesos

Exercise training is often recommended in prevention and treatment of obesity. The present study was designed to compare the effects of intermittent and continuous exercise on weight loss and carcass composition in obese rats. Obese male Wistar rats (monosodium glutamate [MSG] administration, 4 mg/g of body weight every other day from birth to 14 days old) were used. After drug administration, the rats were separated into three groups: MSG-SED (sedentary), MSG-CONT (continuous, swimming, 45 min/day, 5 days/week, with and overload of 5% body weight for 12 weeks) and MSG-INT (intermittent, 15s swimming intermitted by 15s rest, during 45 min, 5 days/week, with and overload of 15% body weight for 12 weeks). Rats of the same age and strain, administered with saline were used as control (SAL), and subdivided into three groups: SAL-SED, SAL-CONT and SAL-INT. The animals were evaluated at the 10 weeks of training and 8 weeks of its interruption. MSG rats showed higher carcass fat as well as weight and cell size in epididymal adipose tissue than SAL rats, indicting the efficacy of the drug in producing obesity. Intermittent training protocol led to a reduction in blood lactate accumulation during acute exercise and both protocols reduced body weight gain during the experiment in MSG rats. After 8 weeks of training interruption no differences were observed among groups in the examined parameters. Only intermittent exercise training improved aerobic fitness but both protocols were similarly efficient in determining weight loss. However, the effects were transitory, since they disappeared after detraining.

O efeito de dois modelos de treinamento contínuo ou intervalado sobre metabolismo muscular e capacidade aeróbia de ratos obesos induzidos por dieta

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Coordenação da ação dos braços no nado crawl analisada em diferentes intensidades, nos exercícios contínuo e intermitente

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

O efeito da duração de pausa no exercício intermitente: um estudo pelo modelo da potência crítica

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC