986 resultados para Bebida alcoólica, consumo


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Micronuclei (MN) originate from chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes that lag behind at anaphase during cell division can occur due to excessive exposure to harmful agents, defects in mitosis and / or DNA repair process. The study evaluated the frequency of micronuclei in cytological samples after daily use of alcohol -based mouthwash mouth in smokers and non-smokers. We assessed 30 subjects, aged between 17-42 years and established as exclusion criteria: alcohol consumption; periodontal disease; systemic diseases that may interfere with the integrity of the oral mucosa; individuals with medical or pharmacological history that affect the performance of the study, family history of malignancies. For smokers the inclusion criterion was a minimum consumption of 20 cigarettes / day, and the contrast required for non-smokers. The sample was divided into 02 experimental groups: Group 1 Smokers and Group 2 Non-Smokers, both groups performed mouthwash (alcohol 21,6%) with Listerine® Defense of Teeth and Gums for 04 weeks cytological collection were performed on buccal mucosa and portion median border of the tongue, one for initial, week 0 control, and subsequent three weeks with continued use of mouthwash. The collected material was stained by specific staining Feulgen / Fast Green. The analysis of 3000 cells / individual was performed by light microscopy statistics used Kruskal- Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for frequency MN. The frequency of micronuclei in buccal mucosa was 1.6 ± 1.75 and 1.46 ± 2.06 for the site language to Group 1 Smokers of showing a slight increase compared with Group 2 Non-smoking, which showed a variation of 1.2 ± 1.53 for the buccal mucosa site and 0.86 ± 1.41 for the site language. However, this difference was not statistically significant. The results suggest that alcohol-based mouthwash tested is not an inducer of genotoxic changes, thus not changing the frequency...

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A associação inversa da ingestão de cálcio dietético com adiposidade corporal e pressão arterial está documentada em estudos epidemiológicos. Achados experimentais sugerem que este fenômeno pode ser mediado por alterações na concentração intracelular de cálcio ([Ca]i). Existem poucos estudos relacionando o cálcio dietético com a [Ca]i. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a relação da ingestão habitual de cálcio dietético com a [Ca]i, adiposidade corporal, perfil metabólico, biomarcadores inflamatórios, pressão arterial e função endotelial em mulheres. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido estudo transversal, com 76 mulheres na pré-menopausa submetidas à avaliação: dietética (questionário de frequência alimentar validado); da [Ca]i em eritrócitos (espectrometria de absorbância atômica); da gordura corporal (GC) total [índice de massa corporal (IMC) e % GC por bioimpedância elétrica] e central [perímetro da cintura (PC), e razão cintura quadril (RCQ)]; do perfil metabólico (glicose, colesterol e frações, insulina e HOMA-IR); dos biomarcadores inflamatórios [adiponectina e proteína C-reativa (PCR)]; dos biomarcadores da função endotelial [molécula de adesão intracelular-1 (ICAM-1), molécula de adesão celular vascular-1 (VCAM-1) e E-Selectina]; da função endotelial avaliada pelo equipamento Endo-PAT2000; e da pressão arterial. Calcitriol, paratormônio, cálcio sérico e cálcio urinário completaram o metabolismo do cálcio. As participantes foram estratificadas em 2 grupos de acordo com a ingestão habitual de cálcio: Grupo com baixa ingestão de cálcio ou BIC (n=32; ingestão de cálcio <600mg/d) e Grupo com elevada ingestão de cálcio ou AIC (n=44; ingestão de cálcio ≥600mg/d). A média da idade foi semelhante entre os grupos (Grupo BIC: 31,41,4 vs Grupo AIC: 31,41,4anos; p=0,99). Após ajustes para fatores de confundimento (idade, ingestão de energia, bebida alcoólica, proteína, carboidratos e lipídios), o Grupo AIC, em comparação com o BIC, apresentou valores significativamente mais baixos de IMC (25,65,3 vs 26,9 6,0 kg/m; p=0,02), PC (84,413,6 vs 87,815,3cm; p=0,04), % GC (31,15,9 vs 33,35,6 %; p=0,003), pressão arterial diastólica (68,210,8 vs 72,411,2 mm Hg; p=0,04) e pressão arterial média (80,1310,94 vs 83,8611,70 mmHg; p=0,04); e significativamente mais altos de HDL-colesterol (58,612,2 vs 52,912,2 mg/dL; p=0,004) e adiponectina (34572,1 19472,8 vs 31910,319385,1 ng/mL; p=0,05). A [Ca]i e as outras variáveis avaliadas não diferiram entre os grupos, mesmo após ajustes. Neste estudo realizado com mulheres, o maior consumo de cálcio se associou com valores mais baixos de adiposidade corporal total e central, pressão arterial diastólica e média; além de valores mais elevados de HDL-colesterol e adiponectina

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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia, ramo de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde

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A demanda por bebida alcoólica é um tema de interesse há muitos anos e diversos estudos econômicos empíricos podem ser encontrados na literatura internacional, porém existem muito poucos estudos para o mercado brasileiro. Assim sendo, este trabalho pretende contribuir para o melhor conhecimento deste mercado, analisando o consumo domiciliar de bebidas alcoólicas no Brasil a partir dos microdados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008/2009 (POF 2008/2009)

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A Síndrome do Álcool Fetal (SAF) se refere a um conjunto de malformações que podem estar presentes em crianças, filhas de mães que consumiram bebida alcoólica durante a gestação. Esta síndrome apresenta um conjunto distinto de anomalias onde as mais freqüentes são fissura palpebral estreita, lábio superior fino, filtro liso, restrição de crescimento e anomalias do sistema nervoso central. A exposição pré-natal ao álcool pode trazer sérias conseqüências que permanecem a vida toda. Sua incidência, nos Estados Unidos, chega a 1 em cada 100 nascimentos, mas esta estimativa varia de país para país devido a diferenças culturais, genéticas e do método de avaliação. O cérebro é o órgão mais vulnerável do corpo aos efeitos da exposição pré-natal ao álcool. O dano causado ao sistema nervoso central por tal exposição resulta em danos neurológicos permanentes, incluindo anomalias de comportamento e atraso de desenvolvimento. A redução no intelecto é a manifestação comportamental mais comum observada do dano causado ao sistema nervoso central. Apesar disto, o déficit de comportamento social está se tornando uma seqüela frequentemente encontrada em indivíduos expostos. Recentemente, vários estudos têm sugerido que crianças com SAF apresentam dificuldades emocionais e comportamentais que podem levar a uma série de problemas secundários. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o consumo de álcool materno durante a gestação e verificar a presença de sinais relacionados à SAF em adolescente e jovem adultos, de escolas públicas, e comparar com uma amostra de indivíduos institucionalizados. Também, analisar fatores de risco ambiental que possam estar relacionados com o comportamento antisocial observado nestes adolescentes. Cento e quarenta e cinco estudantes (controles) e 262 adolescentes da Fundação de Atendimento Sócio-Edudativo - FASE (probandos) foram avaliados em relação a características maternas, história familiar, consumo materno de álcool durante a gestação, exame físico e teste de QI. Quase 40% dos controles e 49% dos probandos tiveram exposição pré-natal ao álcool. Todas as análises estatísticas foram feitas comparando as variáveis previamente citadas com a quantidade de ingesta materna de álcool durante a gestação: nenhuma, esporádica e muita. Entre os estudantes, não encontramos diferenças significantes nas características gestacionais e de ambiente familiar quando comparadas entre os padrões de consumo materno de álcool. No que diz respeito aos sinais físicos da SAF, as seguintes medidas foram estatisticamente diferentes: perímetro cefálico e fissura palpebral. Em relação aos adolescentes institucionalizados, diferenças foram encontradas entre as características de ambiente familiar: não amamentar é mais comum entre as mulheres que bebem, bem como ter um membro da família condenado ou preso. A violência doméstica, criminalidade familiar, abuso infantil e alcoolismo familiar são as quatro variáveis que predizem o uso de álcool durante a gestação. Quando comparamos ambos os grupos juntos como uma única amostra constatou-se que algumas características do ambiente familiar eram muito importantes, como criminalidade familiar e abuso infantil; as medidas antropométricas não foram diferiram entre expostos e não expostos, exceto pelo perímetro cefálico. Estas particularidades do ambiente familiar estão influenciando o comportamento anti-social de modo a tornar os efeitos do consumo materno de álcool menos evidente entre os caracteres físicos. Mesmo assim, todos os indivíduos com sinais de SAF mostraram características similares: crescimento e desenvolvimento pobre, algumas dismorfias faciais e baixo escore no teste de QI.

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Alcohol is one of the few psychotropic drugs that their consumption has admitted legally and sometimes encouraged by the society. Studies show alcohol as the highest consumption of drugs among young people and society in general, probably because of its availability and easy access. The abuse causes public health problems, which was closely related to the violence, socioeconomic problems and the high number of automobile accidents. Transit is one of the main sectors affected by the effects of alcohol, observing a high incidence in the studies. About half of automobile accidents occurs after the consumption of alcoholic beverage, and the vast majority of cases related to high concentrations of alcohol in the bloodstream. The relationship of drunk with traffic accidents is in fact evident everywhere in the world, including Brazil, where studies have shown a high relationship between alcohol consumption and traffic accidents. This study determined the alcohol in fatal victims of traffic accidents in the state of Rio Grande do Norte and established the profile of this population compared with those found in Brazil and other countries. Samples of blood of ethanol added to fulfillment of the standardization of chromatographic conditions and procedures for the analysis, being employed in the determination of alcohol in blood samples of 277 victims of traffic accidents, collected at the Institute of Scientific Technical Police of Rio Grande do North (ITEP) in the year 2007. The blood alcohol level was determined in these samples correlated with the sex, age and marital status of the victim and the location, day of week and month when the accident occurred, is doing a statistical analysis and outlining a profile of the victims of an accident at transit in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The parameters of standardization studied ensured the quality of the analytical method and, consequently, to obtain reliable laboratory results. Being given the best temperature for injector (150 ºC), detector (250 ºC) and column (50 ºC) with a flow of gas in the column of 2mL/minutos and analysis of time of 12 minutes. The method was linear in the range of 0.01 to 3.2 g / L (r2 = 0.9989) with average recovery of 100.2% and precision with coefficient of variation less than 15%. The analysis carried out on victims of fatal road traffic accidents, ethanol detected in the blood in 66.43% of the victims and these, 96% showed concentration ≥ 0.2 g / L, 87.73% of victims were male, while 12.27% female. The younger age group (1535 years) was the most involved (52,35%) and most single (55.60%). The accidents occurred with greater prevalence in the day on Monday (27%) followed by Sunday (24,19%) and Saturday (15,52%) and it was found that the prevalence of injuries varied between the different months of the year, and in February (14.4%) and April (10.47%) the months that had a higher number of accidents, however this oscillation showed no statistically significant difference. Also no significant difference was observed between the tracks of concentration found in men and women. The standardized method showed to be efficient, given satisfactorily to the goals of this work, and the high levels of alcohol found in victims of fatal road traffic accidents are consistent with several studies of literature, and the profile of the victim also supported by presenting in its most young adults, male and single

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The experience as a school psychologist allowed me to notice that expressions like I was like trash in the gang s barbecue , and we chatted away, only the girls, and we all got drunk , are very common in conversations between Elementary and High School students, pointing out to a concerning incidence of alcohol consumption among female adolescents. However, studies about this theme haven t gone deep in the nowadays reality these girls are living in. This study aimed at comprehending the aspects of the relation between girls and alcohol, starting from the point that exaggerated consumption indicates introductory rituals for some groups, making social relations easier and becoming a sociability factor. To give this study some support, a questionnaire was applied to 1028 female teenagers, between 12 and 18 years old, students in private schools in Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte. The context chosen for the development of the study - private schools -, arose from the notion that the majority of the data collection carried out about alcohol and other psychotropic drugs aim at public school students. The instrument used was divided in two parts, one that treated about the first contact with alcohol (experimentation), and other that points to the current relation with alcoholic beverages, with 27 closed questions but nevertheless with available space for manifestation like if other; which?, applied collectively in classrooms. The data received a statistic treatment from SPSS and showed that the first contact with alcoholic beverage happens in domestic environment, having parents and friends as companions, very precociously, around 10 years of age, as curiosity. At this moment, Ice drink is the most consumed beverage. The main reason that leads them to drink is to pass the time in parties, and they don t drink alone (93% of students researched), what gives alcohol this recreational and socializing characteristic. They do consider alcohol a kind of drug, but are not afraid of getting addicted. People that drink usually show to be extroverted, they get happier (40,3%) and are not shy at all (29,4%), have attitudes of moral character, like to get involved with unknown boys (18,5%), get numb (9,9%), or get sad (1,9%). They label as vulgar the girls that drink, depending on the amount, and to be stimulated by the boys to drink. The study shows that systematic interventions of the school are necessary, once it is an institution that should care about education and personality traits of children and adolescents, as well as the important role of the psychologist in this context. Besides, it claims the society to get effectively involved with the public policies that already exist

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One of the most important problems in the elderly is a nutritional deficiency. Several physiological changes and the use of multiple drugs interfere with appetite, food intake and absorption of nutrients, which can lead to the risk and malnutrition in the elderly, especially among institutionalized. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition and risk for malnutrition and its associated factors in institutionalized elderly. The same can be characterized by the type individual, observational and cross-sectional. Obtaining the sample was through the records of individuals of long-stay institutions for the elderly in the city of Natal, RN. The elderly were evaluated through the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and triceps skinfold (TSF) and each senior or caregiver answered a questionnaire about information like type and dietary restrictions, accessibility to food, use of alcohol and tobacco, practice physical activity and appetite. Variables such as age, gender, education, marital status, time that the elderly living in the institution, the reason for the institutionalization and comorbidities were taken from the records of each senior. The frequency of food consumption of various food groups was assessed from the questionnaire frequency of feeding study Health, Wellbeing and Aging (HWA). Data were presented as means and standard deviations, absolute and relative frequencies. To analyze the frequency of consumption, there was a factor analysis with extraction of factors from the principal components analysis with varimax rotation. A bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square and the magnitude of the effect observed by prevalence ratio (95% CI). The Poisson regression assessed the net effect of independent variables on the two outcomes, considering a significance level of 5%. We studied twelve Homes for the Aged totaling 381 seniors eligible for the study. The prevalence of risk of malnutrition was 46.1% (45.9 to 46.2) and malnutrition was 31.4% (31.2 to 31.5). The risk of malnutrition was significantly associated with the presence of urinary incontinence (RP = 1.444, 1.113 to 1.874) was associated with malnutrition and lack of appetite (RP = 1.757, 1.246 to 2.476), the fact that the individuals do not have access to food outside the institution (RP = 0.565, 0.337 to 0.946), low water consumption (RP = 1.646, 1.101 to 2.459) and dementia (PR = 1.537, 1.072 to 2.204). The high prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition in the study suggests that we should pay attention to information related to eating habits and the presence of comorbidities, as these can influence the nutritional status of this population

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Realizou-se um estudo caso-controle com o propósito de se detectar possíveis fatores de risco para o aparecimento de fissuras orais. Foram objeto de análise: local de moradia da mãe nos quatro primeiros meses de gestação, poluição, aplicação de pesticida/herbicida na lavoura, doenças dos pais, doenças da mãe nos quatro primeiros meses de gestação, ingestão medicamentosa nesse período, hereditariedade, tabagismo, consumo de bebida alcoólica e exposição a raio-X. Foram aplicados formulários às mães referentes aos 450 casos, sendo 354 portadores de fissuras labiais ou lábio-palatais e 96 de fissuras palatinas, e às mães referentes aos 450 controles. Empregou-se análise multivariada e as variáveis hereditariedade (RR=4,96), epilepsia na mãe (RR=2,39) e ingestão de anti-inflamatório (RR=2,59) foram consideradas fatores de risco para fissuras labiais ou lábio-palatais. As variáveis hereditariedade (RR=2,82) e poluição (RR=2,58) foram consideradas fatores de risco para fissuras palatinas.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEB

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR