340 resultados para Febre


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Infective endocarditis is a process in which an infection attacks the heart endothelial surface, and is commonly caused by bacterial colonization, which is called bacterial endocarditis. It is a condition rarely found in dogs and cats, and is more prevalent in male dogs of large size. It mainly affects the left side of the heart, affecting the mitral and aortic valves with greater frequency. The circulation of the bacterium in the bloodstream is what gives rise endocarditis, and is caused by any non-aseptic process that serves as a gateway for bacterium in the body, as from a skin lesion, even as an invasive procedure, such as, catheterization and surgery. The ante-mortem diagnosis is difficult because the clinical signs of endocarditis are varied and common to other diseases, summing up the signs of infection (fever, lethargy, weight loss), and presence of heart murmur and may show signs of congestive heart failure. Thus, the diagnosis is most often through autopsy. To arrive at a diagnosis should be used, besides the history and physical examination, some laboratory tests, especially blood cultures and echocardiography. Treatment is accomplished through the use of antibiotics for long period of time, it is very important to follow the results of susceptibility after its outcome is revealed. The prognosis for bacterial endocarditis ranges from guarded to poor, and can be assessed mainly by the echocardiography. There are few studies in veterinary about the bacterial endocarditis, and the majority is case reports

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) leads to a left ventricle dilation and hypertrophy in response to a chronic volume overload. It is still very frequent in developing countries, for instance Brazil, and often as secondary to rheumatic fever. Usually, chronic AR is generally well tolerated for many years, when with the heart dilated the patient searches for treatment. Bidirectional association with depression and cardiovascular disease has been described. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are widely prescribed to treat several affective disorders, especially for cardiovascular patients since they decrease arrhythmia probability. These SSRI improves cardiac function in rats submitted to stress protocols. Preliminary study from our laboratory showed that following 4 weeks of treatment with one SSRI (paroxetine) in subchronic AR rats there was a decreased in daily sodium intake and an improvement in systolic function. An increase in the central oxytocinergic transmission may be involved in this peripheral improvement to the heart. The investigations about the mechanisms underlying this improvement are necessary. Therefore the aims of this project is investigate the effects of 4 weeks of treatment of paroxetine, a SSRI, in rats with a subchronic AR over the central central gene expression of oxytocin and vasopressin using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

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Doenças como dengue, malária, febre amarela e outras que são transmitidas por culicídeos determinam altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade principalmente nos países tropicais. Uma alternativa para evitar picadas é o uso de repelentes. O mais utilizado é o repelente de DEET (N, N-dietil-3-m-toluamida), mas há relatos que descrevem casos de toxicidade com o uso de forma incorreta ou uso a longo prazo. Devido a essas desvantagens muitas pessoas preferem usar produtos naturais como repelentes. Estudos têm demonstrado que diferentes óleos essenciais têm atividade repelente, mas a investigação deve ser conduzida de forma a obter formulações que são eficazes na fixação de compostos aromáticos na pele, e aumentar a duração da repelência. Sistemas nanoestruturados para a liberação do princípio ativo, tais como sistemas líquido-cristalinos (SLC), têm vantagens na liberação controlada, uma vez que aumentam a estabilidade e a eficácia. Foram preparados sistemas constituídos por água, óleo de rícino hidrogenado PEG-40 (Eumulgin® HRE 40) como tensoativo e óleo essencial de melaleuca como fase oleosa. Esses sistemas foram analisados por de microscopia de luz polarizada, determinação do comportamento reológico e avaliação de bioadesão. A atividade repelente in vivo das formulações frente ao mosquito Aedes aegypti foi determinada empregando ensaio com humanos, para tanto utilizou-se uma caixa que evitava que os voluntários sofressem picadas. Foi verificada a ação repelente nos tempos 0, 30, 60 e 90 minutos ou até o momento em que não houvesse repelência. Realizou-se um estudo comparativo com um repelente comercial a base de DEET. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a presença de regiões de mesofases líquido-cristalinas do tipo cúbica (F18, F19 e F20) e microemulsão (F17) fixando-se a concentração do tensoativo em 30% e variando... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti is a species of mosquitoes known to be the vector of diseases such as dengue and yellow fever, and a better understanding of aspects of their biology can help in the establishment of control strategies for the same. Several previous studies showed that temperature significantly affects the development of immature stages of insects. In general, higher temperatures (up to a threshold) accelerate the development of insects, and lower temperature retards the same. This rule also applies to mosquitoes, including Ae. aegypti. But not still know the effects of daily variation of temperature on the developmental stages of mosquitoes. And this detail is very important, since in natural breeding or artificial, The mosquitoes usually face temperature variations over a single day, which should interfere with its development until the emergence of the adult forms. For this reason, the objective of this study is to analyze the effect of alternating temperatures on the development of Ae. aegypti. To conduct the study, adults were collected active in the neighborhood Bela Vista Campus of UNESP - Rio Claro, SP, using a sweep net or using ovitraps for immatures, and the active search for breeding. Individuals collected were kept under experimental conditions in the laboratory. The adult samples were identified to species level, were considered for the experiments, only samples of Ae. aegypti. The insects were housed in plastic cages, suitable for creating flies. These were fed with sugar solution and blood meal on alternate days. The eggs obtained were used in the experiment with four different temperature regimes. The data collected were analyzed by evaluating whether the different treatments influenced the development of immature to adult, performing the Kruskal-Wallis test and the statistical software BioEstat. Statistical analysis of the sex ratio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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O uso de plantas medicinais especialmente na América do Sul contribui significativamente para os cuidados básicos com a saúde. Para o tratamento de infecções comuns, muitas plantas são utilizadas no Brasil na forma de extrato bruto, infusões ou emplastros, sem nenhuma evidência científica de sua eficácia (PESSINI et al., 2003). AYRES et al. (2008) afirma que a busca de substâncias com atividades antimicrobianas tem direcionado a atenção sobre os produtos naturais e, entre estes, os derivados das plantas superiores têm, nos últimos anos, despertado a investigação para o potencial da flora brasileira. Byrsonima pachyphylla Griseb é uma árvore típica do cerrado. Na medicina popular, a casca é utilizada como antifebril, contra tosses e doenças pulmonares, os ramos com folhas são diuréticos e os frutos são laxantes brandos (SILVA JÚNIOR et al., 2005). Levantamento no NAPRALERT indicou que espécies deste gênero são comumente empregadas como antiasmáticas, contra a febre e infecção de pele (MENDES et al., 1999). Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar qual o melhor método de extração, sendo eles a maceração, a maceração dinâmica, a digestão e a digestão + maceração dinâmica, visando à obtenção de extratos brutos de folhas de Byrsonima pachyphylla Griseb., considerando sua atividade biológica frente a bactéria Gram-positiva: Staphylococcus aureus; as bactérias Gram-negativas: Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, e a levedura Cândida albicans, testada pelo método de diluição seriada de extratos em microplacas; além de comparar perfis cromatográficos dos extratos obtidos em cromatografia de camada delgada (CCD), bem como pesquisar as principais classes de metabólitos secundários nos extratos. Os resultados obtidos na cromatografia em camada delgada e na triagem fitoquímica preliminar possibilitaram sugerir a presença de taninos, flavonoides, terpenos e saponinas na espécie ...

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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is still common in developing countries as secondary of rheumatic fever, and its incidence have increased in senile degenerative form. The AR develops severe myocardial hypertrophy. A common comorbidity associated with cardiovascular disease is depression. Among the most prescribed antidepressants in the world are the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Central serotonergic pathways are involved with the inhibition of sodium intake and can be modify the excretion of this íon. Therefore, we investigated whether treatment with an antidepressants SSRI, the paroxetine, for four weeks can modfy the behavior of water and NaCl 0,3M intake, excretion of sodium and morphofunctional parameters of rats with AR induce. Wistar rats (280 - 300g) underwent surgery for AR (n=15) or control surgery (n=14). The AR was induced by retrograde puncture of valve leaflets. The animals were divided into 4 groups: AR + paroxetine (n=8), AR + control (n=7), control + paroxetine (n=7), control + control (n=7). From the 4th to the 8th week after inductuin of AR was administered paroxetine (10mg/kg pc) daily and subcutaneously. In the 4th and 8th week after induction of AR echocardiograms were performed to collect data morphofunctional. During the 4 weeks of treatment were analyzed intake of water and saline daily and once a week urine samples were collected for analysis by flame photometer of excretion of sodium and potassium. In the 10th week the animals were submitted to a challenge protocol hidromineral by combining furosemide (10 mg / kg bw) associated with the low dose of Captopril (5 mg / kg bw). During the challenged urine samples were collected for analysis by flame photometer of excretion of sodium and potassium at the time zero and after 2 hours of treatment. As a result we found that treatment with paroxetine in rats with AR determined an improvement in fractional shortening (shortening fraction: 52.7 ± 2.2% vs. RA ...

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Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT

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Introduction: Aortic insufficiency (AoI), a volume overload, is characterized by the diastolic reflux of blood from the regurgitating aorta to the left ventricle. This effect results from malfunctioning aortic cusps. The main cause of AoI in developing countries is rheumatic fever, including Brazil, and valvar degeneration in developed countries. There is a strong association between cardiovascular diseases and depression. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are one of the most prescribed antidepressants in the world. Previous studies of our laboratory showed that the utilization of a SSRI, paroxetine, improved cardiac function in rats with sub-chronic AoI and reduced the daily ingestion of hypertonic sodium (NaCl 0,3M). Cardiovascular diseases can determine behavior changes like increase of anxiety, and it is yet unknown if AoI would determine anxiety or anhedonia, incapacity of obtaining pleasure through physical or sensorial experiences. A possible target for SSRI action could be a change in the expression of enzyme isoforms that collaborate in the contractile function of the heart muscle, like the heavy chains of myosine, the sarcoplasmatic reticulum Ca2+/ATPase (SERCA) and its regulator protein, phospholamban (PLB). Objectives: Evaluation of behavior parameters for anxiety and anhedonia state and genic expression of a-myosine, b-myosine, SERCA2a and PLB in the heart tissue of rats with subchronic AoI that received treatment with an SSRI (paroxetine) for 4 weeks. Methods: Surgery to induce AoI was performed on male Wistar rats, anxiety was evaluated by the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and state of anhedonia was tested by ingestion of 2% sucrose solution. After euthanasia the heart tissue was collected and total RNA was extracted to be analyzed by the RT-qPCR method. Results: Heart fractional shortening was preserved in rats with AoI that were treated compared to rats with AoI that were not treated. There was no statistically ...

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Aedes aegypti, mosquito da família Culicidae responsável pela transmissão dos vírus da dengue, da febre amarela urbana e da febre chikungunya, apresenta grande proliferação em áreas urbanas das regiões tropicais e subtropicais, além de representar um fator de incômodo por causar alergias devido à inoculação dos componentes salivares durante o processo do repasto sanguíneo. Como forma de evitar os problemas causados por eles, o repelente mais usado e registrado comercialmente desde 1957 é o DEET (N,N-dietil-3-metilbenzamida ou N,N-dietil-meta-toluamida), que apesar de apresentar eficácia comprovada possui determinada toxicidade quando utilizado por crianças e por mulheres grávidas ou lactantes. Atualmente, grande parte dos estudos sobre novas substâncias repelentes envolvem óleos essenciais de plantas, principalmente por serem atóxicos, biodegradáveis, possuírem um preço mais acessível e uma ampla atividade contra diferentes espécies de mosquitos. Os terpenos 1,8-cineol, β-cariofileno e α-humuleno podem ser encontrados em óleos essenciais de uma grande variedade de plantas e apesar de dados da literatura mostrarem uma eficácia dessas substâncias como repelentes para outras espécies de insetos, até o presente momento não existem estudos que relacionam porcentagem de repelência ao longo do tempo para avaliar o potencial de repelência das mesmas para culicídeos.O presente estudo avaliou tais substâncias como possíveis repelentes para A. aegypti, utilizando o DEET como controle positivo. Para avaliar a eficácia do β-cariofileno foi utilizada a BG-cage, uma gaiola desenvolvida especificamente para testes de repelência onde o voluntário expõe um braço sob uma abertura coberta por uma tela onde os mosquitos pousam, mas não picam. Os testes foram repetidos a cada 30 minutos após a aplicação do produto por um tempo máximo de duas horas (seguindo a recomendação de reaplicação do produto comercial ...

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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The games are a worldwide fever, since 80's is becoming more popular and featured in the media, in the culture and economy. The sector fits in creative economy, a sector of economy that is growing gaining prominence for being a driver for economic, cultural and environmental development. The producing process, competition and logic of cultural games industry differ from traditional economy. The article seeks to show what is necessary to the game industry be able to establish and remain on the market, and what is the obstacles that this industry will face in Brazil, a potential creative economy country

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Temperature is certainly one of the major factors that affect biochemical and physiological processes. So, the investigation of how animals regulate body temperature (Tb) and respond to changes in ambient temperature is indispensable. There are five thermal states defined up to date that include euthermy, hypo and hyperthermia (forced fall and increase of Tb, respectively), fever and anapyrexia (regulated increase and fall of Tb, respectively). In this review, we present some classic and recent data about thermoregulatory mechanisms involved in those thermal states with special attention directed to anapyrexia, a phenomenon that has attracted the interest of researchers due to its potential therapeutic benefits.