Streptococcal acute pharyngitis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Exogenous bacterial osteomyelitis in 52 dogs: a retrospective study of etiology and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile (2000-2013)

Background: Most clinical cases of osteomyelitis in dogs involve infectious agents, especially bacteria and fungi. The characterization of these microorganisms may aid in the prevention and treatment of disease.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively microbiological cultures and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile of isolates from 52 cases of bacterial osteomyelitis in long bones of dogs over 2000-2013. In 78% of the cases injuries were caused by a motor vehicle accident, but there were a few cases of dog bites (17%) and ascending infection due to pododermatitis (5%).Animals and methods: The isolated microorganisms were identified based on conventional phenotypic methods. In vitro disk diffusion test was performed using 30 different antimicrobials.Results: The isolates were obtained from femur (28%), humerus (16%), tibia (31%), and radius/ulna (25%). Among 52 cases, culture was positive in 88% of cases. Thirteen genus of different species of microorganisms were isolated. The most common microorganisms isolated were Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli followed by Streptococcus spp., enteric bacteria, Corynebacterium sp. and anaerobic bacteria. In 42% of cases cultures were mixed. The most effective drugs against isolated bacteria were amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (79%) followed by ceftriaxone (69%). High-resistance rates were documented against azithromycin (80%), penicillin (59%), and clindamycin (59%).Conclusions: The present study highlights diverse etiologic agents in cases of infectious bacterial osteomyelitis, with predominance of Staphylococcus genus, and reinforces the importance of obtaining cultures and susceptibility profiles given the high rates of antimicrobial resistance.

Atividade antimicrobiana da violaceína em linhagens isoladas de mastite bovina

Violacein is a deeply violet pigment produced by Chromobacterium violaceum, an ubique tropical and subtropical bacterium. This molecule presents many biological activities including antimicrobial, antimycotic, antiviral, antiprotozoal and antitumoral. Important reports pointed to a considerable bactericide activity, which brings an extremely necessary quest. This work evaluated the resistance of some bacterias of interest veterinary. It was obtained significant inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus came from bovine mastitis. It was also obtained important synergic relations when violacein and penicillin or cloranphenicol are combined

Avaliação de métodos de triagem e de detecção fenotípica de ß-lactamase de espectro ampliado (ESBL)

The catalytic function of extended-spectrum β-lactamases can result in high degrees of bacterial resistance to β-lactamic antimicrobials and in the emergence of ESBL among the members of Enterobacteriaceae family, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. This occurs due to the dissemination and emergence of new variants of these enzymes caused by the high utilization of antibiotics like broad-spectrum cephalosporins. The ESBL are β-lactamases capable of conferring bacterial resistance to the penicillins, 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins, and aztreonam (but not cephamycins and carbapenems) through the hydrolysis of these antibiotics. In view of this phenomenon, the exact screening and detection of the producers of ESBL are essential for the appropriate selection of the antimicrobial therapy. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the best antimicrobial for the selection of ESBL producers and to determine the best method for the detection of such microorganisms. We evaluated 200 sequential bacterial samples including the species Klebsiella pneumoniae (56.5%), Escherichia coli (34%), Proteus mirabilis (8.5%) and Klebsiella oxytoca (1%), previously characterized as ESBL producers between February and September 2008 in the Laboratory of Microbiology, Botucatu Medical School - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. To select the ESBL-producer bacteria, we used the disks recommended by CLSI 2008, aztreonam (ATM), cefpodoxime (CPD), ceftriaxone (CRO), cefotaxime (CTX) and ceftazidime (CAZ), besides cefepime (FEP). ESBL production was confirmed by three methods: double disk screening, ESBL Etest®, and Vitek® automated system. The disks employed in the double disk screening were: penicillin associated with β-lactamase inhibitor, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and two β-lactamic antibiotics, ceftazidime and cefotaxime...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Efeito de diferentes antibióticos no processo de reparo em reimplante de dentes mantidos em leite: estudo em ratos

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Monitoramento da expressão gênica de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri em diferentes condições ambientais

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

Prevalence and etiology of buffalo mastitis and milk somatic cell countin dry and rainy seasons in a buffalo herd from Analândia, São Paulo State,Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise químico-farmacêutica do ácido fusídico em formulações de creme

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Investigation of biofilm production and icaA and icaD genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from heifers and cows with mastitis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

beta-Lactamase-based biosensor for the electrochemical determination of benzylpenicillin in milk

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci: Epidemiological and molecular aspects

Infections caused by the genus Staphylococcus are of great importance for human health. Staphylococcus species are divided into coagulase-positive staphylococci, represented by S. aureus, a pathogen that can cause infections of the skin and other organs in immunocompetent patients, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) which comprise different species normally involved in infectious processes in immunocompromised patients or patients using catheters. Oxacillin has been one of the main drugs used for the treatment of staphylococcal infections; however, a large number of S. aureus and CNS isolates of nosocomial origin are resistant to this drug. Methicillin resistance is encoded by the mecA gene which is inserted in the SCCmec cassette. This cassette is a mobile genetic element consisting of five different types and several subtypes. Oxacillin-resistant strains are detected by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Epidemiologically, methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains can be divided into five large pandemic clones, called Brazilian, Hungarian, Iberian, New York/Japan and Pediatric. The objective of the present review was to discuss aspects of resistance, epidemiology, genetics and detection of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus spp., since these microorganisms are increasingly more frequent in Brazil.

Oral syphilis: report of three cases and characterization of the inflammatory cells

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum. This study reports 3 cases of syphilis and highlights the importance of identifying oral lesions for its final diagnosis. Case 1: a 48-year-old male patient presented with a bleeding ulcer in the lower lip. Overall clinical examination revealed patchy alopecia and skin target lesions. Case 2: a 61-year-old male patient presented with white spots on the lateral tongue and nodules on the dorsum of the tongue. Overall clinical examination showed erythematous target lesions on the abdomen, forearm, palms of the hand, and soles of the feet. Case 3: a 17-year-old male patient presented with an ulcerated lesion on the tongue and lymph node involvement. The following serologic tests were requested: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory, fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption, anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2, and anti-hepatitis C virus. An incisional biopsy revealed epithelial hyperplasia associated with intense and diffuse mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration consisting mainly of plasma cells, in a perivascular and perineural distribution. The final diagnosis in the 3 patients was syphilis. Treatment consisted of 1 weekly dose of penicillin (2.4 million units, intramuscular) for 2 or 3 weeks. Immunohistochemical reactions for XIIIa, CD3, CD20, CD68, CD163, S100, CD1a, CD11c, CD83, CD138, and CD208 were performed. Clinicians should be familiarized with oral syphilis lesions in order to be able to diagnose this emerging infectious disease of variable clinical presentation.

Detecção de genes de entrotoxinas de Staphylococcus aureus e estafilococos coagulase negativos isolados de leite bovino e de tanques de refrigeração comunitários procedentes de pequenas propriedades da região de Bauru-SP

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Antimicrobial susceptibility to b-lactams and metronidazole of microorganisms isolated from chronic and aggressive periodontitis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbial susceptibility to ß-lactams and metronidazole, and evaluate the production of ß-lactamases by microorganisms isolated from patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis. The samples were obtained from 50 patients with periodontitis and microorganisms were isolated onto selective and nonselective culture media, identified by biochemical methods and tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents (amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefoxitin, imipenem, metronidazole, penicillin G). The isolates were resistant to at least 1 mg/ml of any drug tested were evaluated to verify the production of ß-lactamases by the method of double layer (or biological) and chromogenic cephalosporin using nitrocefin. The results evidenced resistance to amoxicillin and penicillin G, while the susceptibility to association amoxicillin/clavulanate, imipenem and cefoxitin was widely disseminated among the organisms. Resistance to these drugs showed a clear correlation with the production of ß-lactamase in the majority of microbial groups.

Multirresistência microbiana e opções terapêuticas disponíveis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)