鱼粉在水产饲料中的应用研究

中国科学院创新方向性项目"集约化水产养殖高新技术及其生态调控"(KSCX2-1-04); 国家"十五"科技攻关项目"鱼用高效饲料开发技术"(2001BA505B06)

中华鳖病毒(TSV)对鱼类细胞的感染试验

将 12种鱼类培养细胞用于中华鳖病毒 ( Trionyx sinesisvirus,TSV)的体外感染试验。结果显示 ,TSV能使鲤鱼上皮乳状瘤细胞 ( EPC)、鳗鲡性腺细胞 ( EG)和草鱼卵巢细胞 ( CO)产生病变。比较了不同培养温度对 TSV感染鱼类细胞的影响以及 TSV引起鱼类细胞病变的特征。 TSV引起 3种鱼类细胞病变 ,经显微观察 ,它们具有不同的病变特征。 TSV感染细胞后 ,其 TCID5 0 在 2 0～ 30℃范围内 ,随温度的升高而增加。超微观察表明 ,从感染的鱼类培养细胞中分

我国某厂石墨电极废渣中二噁英的指纹特征

研究发现我国氯碱工业中由于采用石墨电极，产生的固体废渣中含有大量二噁英，其总浓度高达 ３７８．８５μｇ／ｋｇ，二噁英各组异构体浓度指纹的特征表现为以四至八氯代的二苯并呋喃（ＰＣＤＦｓ）为主，其中２，３，７，８位氯取代ＰＣＤＦｓ占废渣中总ＰＣＤＦｓ的８０ ％以上，而多氯代二苯并二噁英（ＰＣＤＤｓ）的浓度仅处于０．０１５ μｇ／ｋｇ水平．根据二噁英国际毒性当量因子（Ｉ－ＴＥＦ），计算出该电解废渣的毒性当量（Ｉ－ＴＥＱ）值为 ２１．６５μｇ／ｋｇ，我国电解废渣中二噁英的这种典型的“氯碱指纹”，在该氯碱工业废水排

两种人工湿地中氮、磷净化率与细菌分布关系的初步研究

研究了凤眼莲、水芹人工湿地对东湖污水中氮、磷净化率与有关细菌的空间分布的关系.结果表明:人工湿地中,植物除本身可以直接吸收含氮、磷化合物外,其根系分泌物可促进某些嗜磷、氮细菌的生长,促进氮、磷释放、转化,从而间接提高净化率.有植物的湿地系统,以上细菌数量显著高于无植物系统,且植物根部的细菌数比介质中高1～2 个数量级.在除氮机制中,植物起主导作用,而在磷的净化过程中,细菌是一个限制性因子.

Time-Dependent Oxidative Stress Responses of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) to Intraperitoneal Injection of Extracted Microcystins

This study was conducted to investigate time-dependent changes in oxidative enzymes in liver of crucian carp after intraperitoneally injection with extracted microcystins 600 and 150 mu g kg(-1) body weight. The results showed that activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase generally exhibited a rapid increase in early phase (1-3 h post injection), but gradually decreased afterwards (12-48 h) compared with the control, with an evident time-dependent effect. These zigzag changes over time contributed a better understanding on oxidative stress caused by microcystins in fish.

Cloning and expression analysis in mature individuals of two chicken type-II GnRH (cGnRH-II) genes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a conservative neurodecapeptide family, which plays a crucial role in regulating the gonad development and in controlling the final sexual maturation in vertebrate. Two differing cGnRH-II cDNAs of common carp, namely cGnRH-II cDNA1 and cDNA2, were firstly cloned from the brain by rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) and reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The length of cGnRH-II cDNA1 and cDNA2 was 622 and 578 base pairs (bp), respectively. The cGnRH-II precursors encoded by two cDNAs consisted of 86 amino acids, including a signal peptide, cGnRH-II decapeptide and a GnRH-associated peptide (GAP) linked by a Gly-Lys-Arg proteolytic site. The results of intron trapping and Southern blot showed that two differing cGnRH-II genes in common carp genome were further identified, and that two genes might exist as a single copy. The multi-gene coding of common carp cGnRH-II gene offered novel evidence for gene duplication hypothesis. Using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, expression and relative expression levels of cGnRH-II genes were detected in five dissected brain regions, pituitary and gonad of common carp. With the exception of no mRNA2 in ovary, two cGnRH-II genes could be expressed in all the detected tissues. However, expression levels showed an apparent difference in different brain regions, pituitary and gonad. According to the expression characterization of cGnRH-II genes in brain areas, it was presumed that cGnRH-II might mainly work as the neurotransmitter and neuromodulator and also operate in the regulation for the GnRH releasing. Then, the expression of cGnRH-II genes in pituitary and gonad suggested that cGnRH-II might act as the autocrine or paracrine regulator.

Design and Fabrication of AlGaN-Based Resonant-Cavity-Enhanced p-i-n UV PDs

AlGaN-based resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) p-i-n photodetectors (PDs) for operating at the wavelength of 330 nm were designed and fabricated. A 20.5-pair AlN/Al0.3Ga0.7N distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) was used as the back mirror and a 3-pair AlN/Al0.3Ga0.7N DBR as the front one. In the cavity is a p-GaN/i-GaN/n-Al0.3Ga0.7N structure. The optical absorption of the RCE PD structure is at most 59.8% deduced from reflectance measurement. Selectively enhanced by the cavity effect, a response peak of 0.128 A/W at 330 nm with a half-peak breadth of 5.5 nm was obtained under zero bias. The peak wavelength shifted 15 nm with the incident angle of light increasing from 0 degrees to 60 degrees.

Kinetic study of hydrolysis of xylan and agricultural wastes with hot liquid water

We investigated the kinetics of hot liquid water (HLW) hydrolysis over a 60-min period using a self-designed setup. The reaction was performed within the range 160-220 °C, under reaction conditions of 4.0 MPa, a 1:20 solid:liquid ratio (g/mL), at 500 rpm stirring speed. Xylan was chosen as a model compound for hemicelluloses, and two kinds of agricultural wastes-rice straw and palm shell-were used as typical feedstocks representative of herbaceous and woody biomasses, respectively. The hydrolysis reactions for the three kinds of materials followed a first-order sequential kinetic model, and the hydrolysis activation energies were 65.58 kJ/mol for xylan, 68.76 kJ/mol for rice straw, and 95.19 kJ/mol for palm shell. The activation energies of sugar degradation were 147.21 kJ/mol for xylan, 47.08 kJ/mol for rice straw and 79.74 kJ/mol for palm shell. These differences may be due to differences in the composition and construction of the three kinds of materials. In order to reduce the decomposition of sugars, the hydrolysis time of biomasses such as rice straw and palm shell should be strictly controlled.

AlInGaN合金的发光机制研究

用变温光致发光谱和时间分辨光谱研究了AlInGaN合金的发光机制。实验结果表明，发光强度随时间并不是呈指数衰减关系，而可以用伸展指数哀减函数来描述，表明材料中存在明显的无序。形成这种无序的原因是In组分不均产生的微结构(如量子点)。伸展衰减函数中弥散指数β不仅随温度变化，在250K也不随辐射能量变化，表明载流子的弥散过程由局域态之间的跳跃所主导。进一步实验表明局域态在250K时仍然表现出零维特性。

Pd/a-Si∶H界面反应研究

中科院基金