Ultrastructural evaluation of the radioprotective effect of sodium selenite on submandibular glands in rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioprotector effect of sodium selenite on the ultrastructure of submandibular glands in rats. Fifty-seven male albino Wistar rats were randomized to 4 groups: control, irradiated, sodium selenite and irradiated/sodium selenite. The animals in the sodium selenite and irradiated/sodium selenite groups received intraperitoneal injections of sodium selenite (0.5 mg/kg body weight) 24 h before irradiation. The animals belonging to the irradiated and irradiated/sodium selenite groups were submitted to 15 Gy of gamma radiation in the head and neck region. The submandibular glands were removed at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after irradiation. The ionizing radiation induced damage to the secretory cells, especially the serous cells, right from the first period. Vacuolization, lysis of cytoplasmic inclusions and nuclear alterations occurred. The sodium selenite group also presented cellular alterations in the study periods, but with less damage compared to that caused by radiation. There was greater similarity between the irradiated/sodium selenite group and the control group than with the other groups treated in all study periods. Despite the alterations observed in the sodium selenite group, sodium selenite presented a radioprotective action on the secretory cells of submandibular glands.

A importância da avaliação do assoalho pélvico após a prostatectomia radical e seu impacto na disfunção erétil

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Segundo tumor em pacientes com neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Avaliação da dose de radiação absorvida em exames radiológicos durante o planejamento radioterápico

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Transplante de medula óssea para suporte de células tronco hematopoiéticas em cães acometidos por linfoma

Lymphoma represents the most prevalent hematopoietic malignancy in small animal medicine. It is highly responsible to chemotherapy and therefore several protocols are used as therapeutic tools. For that reason, the bone marrow transplantation, enshrined in human medicine through initial trial in canine patients, has increasingly become the focus of studies in order to make it a reality also in veterinary medicine. First, the treatment with the chosen chemotherapy protocol is made. As complete remission of lymphoma is observed, it must be initiated the bone marrow harvesting. The obtained material is subjected to the processes of erythrocyte depletion, plasma depletion, cryoprotectants addition, total nuclear cells counting, hematopoietic progenitor quantification, analysis of cell viability and freezing. Following that, with radiotherapy or application of cyclophosphamide, the conditioning phase of the patient who is receiving the transplantation is carried out. The bags containing hematopoietic stem cells are then thawed and transplanted into the receptor organism. Support with hematopoietic stem cells allows the use of lethal doses of chemotherapy or radiotherapy and has been shown to considerably raise the disease remission time and survival rate of the canine patients

O câncer e as alterações no estado nutricional do paciente: importância da atenção farmacêutica

O Câncer é uma doença epidêmica e multifatorial. O uso combinado ou não de cirurgia, radioterapia e quimioterapia formam o alicerce sobre o qual se assentam a quase totalidade dos tratamentos contra os mais variados tipos de câncer. Essas terapêuticas quase sempre são agressivas, o que leva a uma ameaça séria à integridade física, sabidamente associada a problemas nutricionais. Pela legislação RDC nº220, publicada pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) em 21 de setembro de 2004, que regulamenta os estabelecimentos públicos e privados do país que realizam tratamento de quimioterapia antineoplásica, o farmacêutico deve fazer parte da equipe multiprofissional em terapia antineoplásica, como responsável pela manipulação de todos os antineoplásicos. Levando isso em consideração, o trabalho realiza uma descrição geral desde o desenvolvimento da doença, passando pelos principais agentes causadores e destaca a importância da terapia nutricional, principalmente no período pós-tratamento que influencia diretamente na morbi-mortalidade do câncer. Associando conhecimentos interdisciplinares entendemos que o farmacêutico possa exercer além da manipulação de drogas, a atenção farmacêutica contribuindo positivamente na equipe de saúde, visando uma maior adesão ao tratamento além do aumento da qualidade de vida do paciente oncológico. A partir do levantamento bibliográfico apresentado ampliamos a compreensão da complexidade dos mecanismos da doença, a importância da Terapia Nutricional e o Papel que o profissional farmacêutico pode desempenhar nesse campo

Tumor venéreo transmissível canino com enfoque nos diversos tratamentos

The canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) is a neoplasm of round cells that primarily affects the external genitalia of both male and female dogs with high casuistry. Its transmission occurs by the tumor cells’ implementation in the mucous membranes during the coitus or in other body parts through licking, scratching or direct contact with the tumor. The clinical manifestations vary according to the location. Despite being a malignant neoplasm, TVT’s metastatic potential is low. The diagnosis is based on macroscopic characteristics, clinical signs, cytology and/or histopathology exam, among which cytology is considered the best method. There are several treatment protocols for the TVT, among which, surgical excision, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate is the elected treatment. However, more and more new alternatives have been developed, as the usage of natural products, homeopathy and ivermectina. They can be used as a unique treatment to neoplasm or combined to the chemotherapy in order to decrease the dose and the application number of the chemotherapic and its side effects

Cálculo das funções de anisotropia e radial de dose para braquiterapia com semente de 192Ir em diferentes materiais de interesse em radiologia com o auxílio do programa baseado no método de Monte Carlo MCNPX

The brachytherapy braquiterapia is an x-ray modality radiotherapy in which stamped or halfstamped radioactive sources in format of seeds are used, wires or to one short distance, in contact or implanted to the fabric to be treated. All the treatment modalities require a previous planning. The formalism recommended for calculation of dose was considered by the AAPM for the first TG-43 Report. In it distributions of dose of isolated seeds measured and calculated by Monte Carlo method in water instead of with models half-empiricists. In this work we in accordance with present some preliminary results of the calculation of functions of radial anisotropy and of dose in the distance for seed of 192Ir, wide used in brachytherapy treatments of high tax of dose (HDR), with the aid of the program based on the Monte Carlo method MCNPX v2.50 (Mount Carlo N ParticleeXtended). The materials chosen in the simulation beyond water, had been MS20 and estriado muscle

Estudo teórico das funções de anisotropia e radial de dose para braquiterapia com semente de Ir192 em diferentes materiais de interesse em radiologia

The brachytherapy braquiterapia is an x-ray modality radiotherapy in which stamped or halfstamped radioactive sources in format of seeds are used, wires or to one short distance, in contact or implanted to the fabric to be treated. All the treatment modalities require a previous planning.The formalism recommended for calculation of dose was considered by the AAPM for the first TG-43 Report. In it distributions of dose of isolated seeds measured and calculated by Monte Carlo method in water instead of with models half-empiricists.In this work we in accordance with present some preliminary results of the calculation of functions of radial anisotropy and of dose in the distance for seed of 192Ir, wide used in brachytherapy treatments of high tax of dose (HDR), with the aid of the program based on the Monte Carlo method MCNPX v2.50 (Mount Carlo N ParticleeXtended).The materials chosen in the simulation beyond water, had been MS20 and estriado muscle

Avaliação do efeito citotóxico da nitensidina A em células de glioblastoma multiforme e células não tumorais

Astrocitomas difusos são o tipo de tumor cerebral primario mais comum em adultos. O glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) é o astrocitoma mais frequente e letal. Pacientes diagnosticados com GBM geralmente morrem em aproximadamente 14 meses apesar do tratamento normalmente adotado. O tratamento consiste em remoção cirúrgica do tumor, radioterapia e quimioterapia com o agente alquilante temozolomida (TMZ). Entretanto, devido a elevada resistência desse tumor à radioterapia e quimioterapia, na maioria dos casos ocorre recidiva do tumor algumas semanas após a cirurgia. Baseado nesse prognóstico pobre e na elevada resistência das células de GBM à quimioterapia, a busca por novos fármacos a fim de aumentar as chances de sobrevivência e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, é de extrema importância. Nitensidina A é um alcaloide guanidínico isolado da planta típica do cerrado brasileiro Pterogyne nitens, que demonstrou notável efeito citotóxico em células de câncer cervical. A fim de analisar o potencial da nitensidina A como antineoplásico foram realizados ensaios de citotoxicidade desta substância e da TMZ. Os resultados mostraram que a nitensidina A apresenta efeito citotóxico em concentração muito inferior à TMZ. Os resultados também demonstram que dentre as células analisadas, a RO é a célula não tumoral mais resistente a ambas as substâncias e, dentre as células tumorais, a célula mais sensível e a mais resistente são, respectivamente, U87MG e U343MG. Estes resultados indicam que a nitensidina A tem um potencial terapêutico promissor para este tipo tumoral. Experimentos adicionais estão em andamento para investigar esta hipótese

Coleta de dados, modelagem e controle de qualidade do sistema de planejamento pinnacle3

Qualidade na coleta de dados do feixe de radiação, modelagem por meio do sistema de planejamento de tratamento (SPT) e controle da qualidade do processo envolvido são cruciais à fidedignidade do serviço de radioterapia de forma a contribuir à eficácia do tratamento e segurança do principal ente envolvido no final de toda essa sistemática, o paciente. Para isso foi proposto nesse presente trabalho a coleta de dados do feixe de raios-x de 6MV seguido da introdução desses dados ao SPT para processo de modelagem computacional que teve agregado, a todo esses processos, o controle da qualidade segundo critérios de aceitação

Uma avaliação do uso do NCRP 151 na realidade brasileira

Medical Physics is an interdisciplinary field that applies concepts and laws of physics in medical practices. Currently, one of its main applications is the use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of oncological diseases. Due to its wide use and highly dangerous, many of radioprotection procedures should be adopted with the objective of protecting human beings from harmful effects of radiation. Thus, you can better enjoy the benefits that the practice can offer. The methodology proposed by the National Council on Radiation Protection 151 (NCRP 151), relates technical information necessary to Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Megavoltage X- and Gamma- Ray Radiotherapy Facilities. However, many parameters used to calculate the shield are based on estimates only, and it is an international standard that may not be adequate to the Brazilian reality. Thus, the central idea of this study is the collection of data from the routine of the Radiotherapy Service of the Real e Benemérita Associação Portuguesa de Beneficência, in particular equipment cobalt therapy Theratron 780 (Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.) and the linear accelerator Varian Clinac 2100C for measurement of workload, number of patients, fields, and dose factors to determine the best use of barrier protection. Furthermore, this work features a profile of radiotherapy treatments carried out closer to the Brazilian reality

Desenvolvimento de um protocolo de dosimetria para o tratamento de total skin irradiation (TSI)

A técnica radioterápica Total Skin Irradiation (TSI), utilizada para tratamento de Micose Fungóide e doenças similares, apresenta grande complexidade na sua dosimetria e implementação nos Serviços de Radioterapia. No SUS – Sistema Único de Saúde - do Brasil, só há esse tratamento no Serviço de Radioterapia do Hospital das Clínicas da UNICAMP (Campinas) e no Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) (Rio de Janeiro). O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo e o desenvolvimento de um protocolo de controle de qualidade e dosimetria a ser implementado na técnica utilizada no Serviço de Radioterapia do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (HC - UNICAMP). Todos os estudos e análises para a elaboração do protocolo foram baseados no Report 23[1] da AAPM – American Association of Physicists in Medicine - e no TRS-398[3] da IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. A metodologia e os resultados obtidos apresentam-se descritos neste relatório

Estudo sobre a necessidade e preferência sobre orientações de enfermagem ao paciente oncológico adulto em quimioterapia

Most cancer types are treated by antineoplastic chemotherapy, which can be performed conjointly with other treatments, such as radiotherapy and surgery. Due to its action, chemotherapy provides the possibility of cure, but it also leads to a number of adverse effects, such as myelosuppression, cutaneous and gastrointestinal toxicity, etc. Patients undergoing chemotherapy must receive constant information concerning how to prevent or minimize these effects in order to achieve better quality of life and, consequently, a more successful treatment. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the need and preference for different forms of information by oncologic patients submitted to chemotherapy. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study conducted at the chemotherapy division of the Botucatu School of Medicine University Hospital/SP on a sample of 50 patients older than 18 years. After previous knowledge of the study and formalization of Free Consent, the individuals answered a questionnaire containing 12 questions related to the importance attributed to the information received, from which professional and when to receive it. Data were analyzed by Fisher’s exact test and showed that 62% of the patients were females, and the remaining 38% were males of whom 46% were older than 60 years, 26% were from 50 to 60 years old, 24% from 30 to 50, and only 4% were younger than 30 years old. The patients had lymphatic (23.4%) and solid (76.6%) tumors. All the respondents reported that receiving information about the disease and its treatment was extremely important. As regards information related to side effects, 98% of patients answered that receiving it was extremely important, and only 2% answered that it was little important. Correlations were made between age, gender, and tumor type with the answers obtained for the best moment, how and from whom to receive such informatio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Estudo da contribuição do espalhamento nuclear não elástico de prótons na dose depositada em alvos com composição homogênea

Due the differences between interaction physics process with matter for protons and photons, the proton beam tomography (pCT) has some vantages to comparison with conventional tomography. Also it is confirmed that usually pCT has better dose distribution and highest contrast resolution. The pCT allow not only view the internal structure of an object without destroying it, but also directly measure of volume density of electrons. Also it is confirmed that usually pCT has better dose distribution and highest contrast resolution. At the same time, there are many scientific and technical aspects to a detailed study: the capacity and limitations of the pCT methods are not well clarified. Through computations, based on Monte Carlo Method was carried out a detailed study of the contribution of non-elastic nuclear spreading, and together was compared with an analytical model for the deflection angle and the lateral deflection of protons in the target volume. The programs used were SRIM 2006 code and MCNPX v.2.50 code