Morfologia macroscópica e topografia anatômica do intestino grosso da paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766)

Exploring the potential of using the paca as livestock involves understanding the morphophysiology of its digestive tract so its nutrition can be properly managed. The morphological and anatomical aspects of the large intestine of this species were investigated by inspecting material that was fresh and fixed in an aqueous solution of 10% formaldehyde. The material was provided by the Setor de Animais Selvagens do Departamento de Zootecnia da Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias de Jaboticabal - UNESP (FCAV - UNESP). The large intestine of the paca is formed by cecum, colon and rectum, and is located in the abdominal and pelvic cavity near the third or fourth lumbar vertebrae. It was found, in the 10 samples analyzed, that there was no change in the pattern of this arrangement and that this pattern resembles that of mammals in general.

MORFOLOGIA DOS RECESSOS TIMPANICOS POSTERIORES

The sinuses of the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity are formed between the bony ridges, bridges and other osseous prominences, remnants of the tympanum widening process. Anatomical limits and relationships of these sinuses were observed in 100 human temporal bones. Many morphological variabilities were found due to different levels of development of the middle ear posterior wall. The most important sinuses of this complex are the Sinus tympani and the Facial Sinus (Facial recess) seen in all cases. The Lateral tympanic sinus is well-formed in 83% of the cases and the Posterior tympanic sinus in 20% of our series.

Efeitos do tipo de ração inicial sobre a morfologia intestinal e digestibiliade dos nutrientes em leitões

Thirty piglets, weaned at an average age of 28 days, were used in experiment one. After weaning, 24 animals were transferred to the nursery in groups of two to each pen and fed simple or semi-complex diets ad libitum. On weaning day (day 0), six pigs were slaughtered. On days 7 and 21 post-weaning, one animal from each nursery pen was slaughtered to study mucosal thickness (MTD and MTJ) and villi heights (VHD and VHJ) in the duodenum and jejunum. The average values observed for MTD, VHD, MTJ, and VHJ were not influenced by type of diet. MTD, MTJ, and VHJ increased from days 7 to 21 post-weaning. Polynomial regression spanning days 0, 7, and 21 showed a linear effect for MTJ and a quadratic effect for VHD and VHJ. In experiment two, 16 piglets weaned at an average age of 28 days were used in two metabolic trials carried out during two periods of the initial phase (days 5 to 14 and days 19 to 28 postweaning), to determine the nutritional value of simple and semi-complex diets. There were no differences among treatments in apparent digestibility of crude protein and dry matter and the values for digestible or metabolizable energy of the diets. It was concluded that composition of the starter diet did not influence the intestinal morphology of piglets, the digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein, or the digestible and metabolizable energy contents of the diets.

Morfologia da micrópila e da superfície dos ovócitos de piracanjuba, Brycon orbignyanus (Osteichthyes, Characidae), sob microscopia eletrônica de varredura

This paper studied the morphology of oocytes of Brycon orbignyanus, (Osteichthyes, Characidae), through observation in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Fragments of the ovaries from adult females were collected. During the reproductive period, a hormonal induction in females was carried out to collect the oocytes after extrusion. The samples were fixed and processed for observation in SEM. Results showed that the oocytes of B. orbignyanus had a follicular epithelium formed by a single layer of cells with compressed shape, covering the whole radiatta zone that showed a smooth and regular surface with innumerable pores. The micropyle had a funnel-shaped, containing several furrows. The oocyte surface around the micropyle presented pores closer of each other than the other surface areas of radiatta zone.

Plasticidade fenotípica da morfologia externa de Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. ex Britt. & Wilson (Verbenaceae) em resposta a níveis de luminosidade e adubação

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the phenotypical plasticity of external morphology of Lippia alba in response to two luminosity level and four organic-mineral fertilization level. The morphological plasticity was quantified by the phenotypic variation intensity of the morphological characters (ramifications, leafs, inflorescences, flowers, height, stem diameter, leaf blade length, foliar blade breadth and space between branches). It was possible to verify significant effect as a consequence of luminosity and substratum variations. However, the interaction between these factors was not observed suggesting that they act independently. The majority of characters revealed high magnitude of phenotypical plasticity. The results obtained suggest that luminosity intensity and substratum quality contribute to amplify the phenotypical expression of Lippia alba.

Detecção de pistas de aeroporto em imagens orbitais utilizando morfologia matemática

The Brazilian Cartography presents great deficiency in cartographic products updating. This form, Remote Sensins techniques together Digital Processing Images - DPI, are contributing to improve this problem. The Mathematical Morphology theory was used in this work. The principal function was the pruning operator. With its were extracted the interest features that can be used in cartographic process updating. The obtained results are positives and showed the use potential of mathematical morphology theory in cartography, mainly in updating.

Morfologia de plântulas e estádios juvenis de espécies invasoras

The morphology of 20 species of weeds that occur in the most common crops in Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil and adjacent regions were described at early developmental stages, in order to identify the species in the field and provide information for taxonomic and ecological works. Sixteen species featured epigeal-foliaceous seedlings. The seedling in Cardiospenuum halicacabum is epigeal-fleshy; in Cenchrus echinatus and Digitaria horizontalis it is hypogeal and in Commelina virginica is epigeal-cryptocotyledonar. The differentiation of the first eophyll occurred within ten (Digitaria horizontalis) to 35 days (Bidens pilosa) and the first metaphyll appeared within 22 (Commelina virginica) to 49 days (Acanthospenuum australe). The number of eophylls varied from one to four, and the phyllotaxis varied from alternate to opposite.

Morfologia e morfometria dos tipos de fibras do músculo reto abdominal de cadelas (canis familiaris) durante a gestação

The present paper deals with the evaluation of morphological and morphometric alterations of slow-twist (I) and fast-twitch (II) fibers of rectus abdominis muscle of adult female dog during pregestational phase, at 30 and 60 days of pregnancy and at 30 days after the parturition. At the every phases, using the open biopsy technique, muscle samples were collected. The samples were plunged. Histological sections were cut in a microtome. For general morphology, some sections were stained with HE. Subsequent sections were reacted for myofibrillar ATPase (m-ATPase), after alkaline (pH 10.4) and acid (pH 4.4) pre-incubations, in order to identificate type I and II fibers. In the pre-gestational phase, muscle tissue revealed to be composed by fibers with different diameters, presenting polygonal outlines and one or more periphery nuclei. At 30 days of pregnancy, muscle fiber characteristics were similar. At 60 days, in addition to the existence of normal fibers, polymorphic and small diameter fibers were frequent. At 30 days after the parturation, the morphology of muscle fiber were similar to that observed in the pre-gestational phase. In the four phases, type II fiber diameters were lager than type I. The diameters of both fiber types showed a significant reduction in the 30 days phase and a significative increasing at 60 days. The expansion of the abdominal wall during the pregnancy represents a chronic stimulus, induced changes in the morphology and in the fiber type diameters.

Morfologia do intestino delgado de capivara - Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766)

The high potential for the exploitation of capybara requires information about its digestory morphophysiology, to improve nutritional handling. In the present study, gross anatomy, light microscopy and body and intestine lengths of 25 capybaras were evaluated. The minimum and maximum small intestine lengths for females and males were, respectively, 441 cm and 1734 cm, and 355 cm and 1123 cm. These values position the capybara between canine and swine intestinal lengths. The ratio between small intestine and body length was 12:1, without differences between sexes. There were no statistically significant differences between sexes for each part of small intestine. Correlation between length of each small intestine segment and body length was positive, and statistically significant only for the duodenum. The small intestine wall was formed by mucosa, submucosa, muscular and serosa. The mucosa presented intestinal and duodenal glands, of mucosal and serosal types, respectively. The mucosa muscular layer consisted of two distinct layers in the jejunum and ileum, and a thin and single layer in the duodenum. The submucosa, formed by moderate dense connective tissue, didn't show glands. The fiber bundles of the internal layer of muscular tunic were helicoidally arranged. The gross anatomy of the capybara small intestine was similar to canine and swine intestines. Microscopically, however, subtle differences can be identified in the submucosa and internal muscular tunics.

Fatores preditivos do sucesso da inseminação intrauterina: A morfologia espermática de acordo com o novo manual de laboratório da Organização Mundial de Saúde

Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the likelihood of IUI success as a function of the previously described predictive factors, including sperm morphology according to the new reference values defined by WHO. Material and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 300 couples which underwent IUI. Regression analyses were used to correlate maternal age, number of preovulatory follicles on the day of hCG administration, number of inseminated motile sperm, and normal sperm morphology with clinical pregnancy. Results are expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% of confidence intervals (CI). Results: Women older than 35 years showed a lower pregnancy rate (6.5% vs 18.2%, p=0.017). Logistic regression models confirmed the lower chance of pregnancy occurrence for older women (OR: 0.39; CI: 0.16-0.96; p=0.040). The presence of two or more preovulatory follicles on the day of hCG administration resulted in higher pregnancy rate when compared to cases in which only one preovulatory follicle was present (18.6% vs 8.2%, p=0.011). The regression model showed a more than two fold increase on probability of pregnancy when two or more preovulatory follicles were detected (OR: 2.58; CI: 1.22-5.46, p=0.013). The number of inseminated motile sperm positively influenced pregnancy occurrence (OR: 1.47; CI: 0.88-3.14, p=0.027). Similar pregnancy rates were observed when semen samples were classified as having normal or abnormal morphology (10.6% vs 10.2%, p=0.936). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that sperm morphological normalcy, according to the new reference value, has no predictive value on IUI outcomes. © Todos os direitos reservados a SBRA - Sociedade Brasileira de Reprodução Assistida.

Morfologia de frutos e sementes e morfofunção de plântulas de Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.)

The objective of this work was to characterize external and internal morphologic aspects of the fruit, seed, and plant of Moringa oleifera Lam. The fruits were collected in the forest garden of Falculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. It was observed that the Moringa fruits are brown simple darkness, dry of the type capsule, tends on average: 28.50 cm of length, 2.21 cm of width, 9.91 g of mass and with 12 seeds by fruit, it considerated fruits of medium and small size. The seeds are brown dark and they present three lines clear chestnut tree. The embryo is oleaginous, has a pair of cotyledons and the germination is hypogeal-cryptocotyledonary. The seed has1.037 cm of length and 1.0 cm of thickness of average and have a considerate medium and light weight (197g/1000 seeds). The germination began eight days after the planting and in the 25th day they left the primary leaves.

Morfologia de sementes e de estádios iniciais de plântulas de espécies de Bromeliaceae da Amazônia

Seeds of Aechmea bromeliifolia, A. castelnavii (Bromelioideae); Dyckia duckei, D. racemosa (Pitcairnioideae) and Tillandsia adpressiflora (Tillandsioideae) were collected in the Amazon regions (Mato Grosso) and studied to describe morphological characterization and post-seminal development, which can be taxonomically useful, and to assess percent germination. All the species have epigeous germination and produce cryptocotyledonary plantlets. Seeds have no dormancy and percent germination is high (over 86%), which facilitates the production of seedlings and conservation studies. Exclusive characteristics of the genera include: the seed coat of Aechmea (Bromelioideae) has mucilage that prevents desiccation; whereas that of Dyckia (Pitcairnioideae) has membranaceous wings and that of Tillandsia (Tillandsioideae) has feathery appendages, both of which make dispersal easier and establish the epiphytic habit. Initial post-seminal development of Aechmea (Bromelioideae) and Dyckia (Pitcairnioideae) is marked by the emergence of primary roots, interpreted as a basal character, whereas that of Tillandsia adpressiflora (Tillandsioideae) is marked by the emergence of the cotyledon, interpreted as a derived character. Dyckia and Tillandsia have a small tank only in the seedling phase while the contrary occurs in Aechmea.

Morfologia do epidídimo de cobaio (Cavia porcellus) em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento pós-natal

The morphological evolution of the epididymal duct of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus, L.) was studied on 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 70, 90 and 100 days of age, being complex, which is due to the proper differentiation postnatal in the epididymal epithelium. Thus, it was observed that the initial segment of the epididymis reveals an increase of epithelial height corresponding to the average height of the main tubular epithelium cells, generally progressive after 45 days of age. The epithelial height in the middle segment were higher in younger stages (10 to 45 days) than in the prepubertal age (60 days), and have a decrease among 70 to 100 days of age. The ductular terminal segment starts a gradual decrease of the epithelial heights from puberal age (70 days), until adult age (90 to 100 days). In addition, this segment showed epithelial waviness that disappeared after 70 days of age, when the lumen fills it with sperm and cellular exfoliation. The cell types of the epididymal tubular epithelium, principal cells, basal cells and apical cells, were observed in all ages. In the epididymis of very young animals, there was a predominance of undifferentiated columnar cells. After 20 days of age, there was natural prevalence of the principal cells on other cell types, what is a feature similar to other mammals.

Morfologia do seio coronário em fetos de bovinos azebuados

The coronary sinusin fetuses ofzebu-crossedbovinesis studiedbyvasculardissectionsand radiographs. There aretwopredominant patterns offormation of thecoronary sinus: bydirect continuation of theleft azygos vein, from thegreat cardiac vein, and by theunion of thegreat cardiac veinwith theleft azygos vein. The first patternappeared in17animals,while thesecondpatternformation of thecoronary sinuswas found in13animals. Regarding sex there was nodifference between thepatterns shown.The main tributariesof the coronaryveinincattleare representedby the followingvessels: great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, veins of the faceof theleft ventricle andatrium, obliqueveinof left atrium.The great cardiac veinisseen asadirect continuation of theinterventricular veinparaconal. From these results, it appears thatthe standardvenousfetalbovineheartis predominantlyconfluentthe coronary sinus. Onlyasmall number ofvesselsare directlyconfluentto theright atrium ofbovine heart.

Morfologia, ultraestrutura e morfometria do tegumento da paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) criada em cativeiro

Considering the lack of detailed information about the morphology of paca, which is the second largest rodent of Brazilian's fauna, with excellent meat quality and, due to the importance of the common integument, we described the morphology, ultrastructure and morphometry of the skin of eight pacas (Cuniculus paca), males and females, through comparative analysis of skin's segments of the cervical, dorsal and medial carpal portions. Macroscopic characteristics of the coat were studied. Part of the segments of cutaneous regions was analyzed by light microscopy, and the other part by scanning electron microscopy. We measured the thickness of dermis, epidermis, stratum corneum, the profiles of the collagen fibers of reticular dermis and the area of filled sebaceous gland cells. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics and T test (p<0.001). The color of the coat is reddish brown with bristles arranged in groups. The architecture of the skin and skin appendages resembles those of mammals in general, although there are no sweat glands. According to the morphometric analysis, this study shows differences of the skin architecture between male and female pacas and also between various body regions in the same animal.