Modeling, characterization and microalgal cultivation in an airlift panel photobioreactors.

Microalgae cultures are attracting great attentions in many industrial applications. However, one of the technical challenges is to cut down the capital and operational costs of microalgae production systems, with special difficulty in reactor design and scale-up. The thesis work open with an overview on the microalgae cultures as a possible answer to solve some of the upcoming planet issues and their applications in several fields. After the work offers a general outline on the state of the art of microalgae culture systems, taking a special look to the enclosed photobioreactors (PBRs). The overall objective of this study is to advance the knowledge of PBRs design and lead to innovative large scale processes of microalgae cultivation. An airlift flat panel photobioreactor was designed, modeled and experimentally characterized. The gas holdup, liquid flow velocity and oxygen mass transfer of the reactor were experimentally determined and mathematically modeled, and the performance of the reactor was tested by cultivation of microalgae. The model predicted data correlated well with experimental data, and the high concentration of suspension cell culture could be achieved with controlled conditions. The reactor was inoculated with the algal strain Scenedesmus obliquus sp. first and with Chlorella sp. later and sparged with air. The reactor was operated in batch mode and daily monitored for pH, temperature, and biomass concentration and activity. The productivity of the novel device was determined, suggesting the proposed design can be effectively and economically used in carbon dioxide mitigation technologies and in the production of algal biomass for biofuel and other bioproducts. Those research results favored the possibility of scaling the reactor up into industrial scales based on the models employed, and the potential advantages and disadvantages were discussed for this novel industrial design.

Studio delle applicazioni metodologiche di analisi d'immagini in tc perfusionali

La Tomografia Computerizzata perfusionale (TCp) è una tecnica che permette di effettuare studi funzionali di natura emodinamica dei tessuti ispezionati, misurandone la perfusione attraverso l’analisi temporale della diffusione del mezzo di contrasto. Ricerche recenti indicano come alcuni parametri (ad esempio, il blood flow) della perfusione ematica dell’organo interessato rappresentino un valido strumento per la valutazione dell’efficacia delle terapie anti-angiogenetiche. Valutazione che, potendo avvenire già in fase precoce, senza attendere i più tardivi cambiamenti dimensionali, consente un eventuale adeguamento, altrettanto precoce, della terapia in caso di risultati parziali o di insuccesso. Tuttavia diversi problemi, tra cui la difficoltà ad ottenere misure riproducibili, dovuta alla estrema variabilità delle cause di errore, costituiscono un ostacolo alla standardizzazione e, conseguentemente, alla trasposizione in clinica della TCp. Il lavoro di tesi ha avuto come obiettivo quello di identificare le principali sorgenti di errore in tutto il processo di preparazione dell’esame, generazione e archiviazione dei dati TCp al fine di fornire a IRST-IRCCS un protocollo perfusionale che consente di tenere sotto controllo, innanzitutto, tutti i parametri relativi alla somministrazione del mezzo di contrasto e alla fase di acquisizione delle immagini. Successivamente, è stato creato un catalogo di esami perfusionali, facilmente consultabile sia dal personale medico sia da quello ingegneristico. Infine, è stato fornito il supporto, sia ai medici sia agli ingegneri, per la messa a punto di un metodo di validazione visiva dei risultati ottenuti. Contestualmente, uno dei principali risultati del lavoro di Tesi è stato quello di creare, all’interno di IRST-IRCCS, una figura che funga da “collettore” fra i radiologi e gli ingegneri dell’Università di Bologna. Proprio in questo modo è stato possibile standardizzare le procedure di esecuzione degli esami perfusionali e implementare, attraverso l’interfacciamento tra il personale medico ed i ricercatori dell’Università, i protocolli per la gestione ed il trattamento dei dati acquisiti.

Energy harvesting from piezoelectric devices embedded in a 3D printed wing

This thesis work has been carried out at Clarkson University in Potsdam NY, USA and involved the design of a low elongation wing, consisting of parts made by polylactide (PLA) using the fused deposition model (FDM) technology of Rapid Prototyping, then assembled together in a thin aluminum spar. The aim of the research is to evaluate the feasibility of collecting electrical energy by converting mechanical energy from the vibration of the wing flutter. With this aim piezoelectric stripes were glued in the inner part of the wing, as well as on the aluminum spar, as monomorphic configuration. During the phases of the project, particular attention was given to the geometry and the materials used, in order to trigger the flutter for low flow velocity. The CAD software SolidWorks® was used for the design of the wing and then the drawings were sent to the Clarkson machine shop in order to to produce the parts required by the wing assembly. FEM simulations were performed, using software MSC NASTRAN/PATRAN®, to evaluate the stiffness of the whole wing as well as the natural vibration modes of the structure. These data, in a first approximation, were used to predict the flutter speed. Finally, experimental tests in the Clarkson wind tunnel facility were carried out in order to validate the results obtained from FEM analysis. The power collected by the piezoelectrics under flutter condition was addressed by tuning the resistors downstream the electronic circuit of the piezoelectrics.