Enraizamento de estacas caulinares de kiwi (Actinidia chinensis Planch cv Abbott) tratadas com auxinas e boro

O trabalho teve como finalidade, estudar o efeito de várias auxinas sintéticas em formulações comerciais e do boro, sobre o enraizamento de estacas caulinares de kiwi (Actinidia chinensis Planch, cv Abbott.). As estacas utilizadas continham dois nós e duas folhas cortadas ao meio, com aproximadamente 10 cm de comprimento, onde o corte basal em bisel foi realizado logo abaixo de um nó e o apical acima do outro nó. O efeito das auxinas, sobre o enraizamento de estacas caulinares de kiwi foi verificado mediante os seguintes tratamentos, aplicados sobre as bases das estacas: T1 H(2)0); T2 (NAA 300 ppm); T3 (IBA 300 ppm); T4 (NAA 300 ppm + B); T5 (IBA 300 ppm + B); T6 (NAA 0,5%-pó) e T7 (IBA 0,5%-pó). Após o tratamento das estacas, estas foram plantadas em bandejas de enraizamento, contendo vermiculita pura e colocadas em câmara de nebulização, onde permaneceram por 120 dias, até a sua coleta. Para a avaliação do efeito de auxinas e do ácido bórico, sobre o enraizamento de estacas caulinares de kiwi, foram realizadas as seguintes observações: 1. porcentagem de estacas enraizadas; 2. análise de açúcares redutores e açúcares totais (em g/100 g de matéria seca); 3. análise de triptofano (em µg/100 mg de matéria seca). Os resultados obtidos no processo de enraizamento de estacas caulinares de kiwi (Actinidia chinensis Planch.) variedade Abbott, levou a concluir que o inverno e outono foram as melhores épocas de coleta dos ramos de auxinas para a confecção das estacas. O processo de enraizamento foi ainda incrementado com a aplicação exógena na base das estacas, sendo que o alto teor de açúcares redutores e totais beneficiou a maior porcentagem de enraizamento.

Study of denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia cases diagnosed from 1979 to 2001

Objective: the purpose of this research was to study the cases of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) at the Clinic of Semiology, Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Sao Jose dos Campos Dental School, State University of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods and materials: A total of 141 clinical file cards indicating a final diagnosis of IFH, from the archives of the Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis and dated from 1979 to 2001, were included in the study. of these files, 50 indicated a diagnosis of denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia. Sex, age, race, duration, and clinical features that confirm their classification in the non-neoplastic proliferating process were analyzed statistically. Results: of the 50 analyzed cases of denture-induced lesion, 22% occurred in men and 78% in women. Patients in the age group of 41 to 50 years presented the highest frequency of the lesion. Conclusions: Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia occurs more frequently in women (71.63%), and denture-induced lesions appear mainly in patients over 40 years of age (70% of cases). Patients with denture-induced hyperplasia reported pain associated with the lesion (70%).

Effects of processing on the structure of zein/oleic acid films investigated by X-ray diffraction

Zein films plasticized with oleic acid were formed by solution casting, by the stretching of moldable resins, and by blown film extrusion. The effects of the forming process on film structure were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) patterns showed d-spacings at 4.5 and 10 angstrom, which were attributed to the zein alpha-helix backbone and inter-helix packing, respectively. The 4.5.angstrom d-spacing remained stable under processing while the 10 angstrom d-spacing varied with processing treatment. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) detected a long-range periodicity for the formed films but not for unprocessed zein, which suggests that the forming process-promoted film structure development is possibly aided by oleic acid. The SAXS d-spacing varied among the samples (130-238 angstrom) according to zein origin and film-forming method. X-ray scattering data suggest that the zein molecular structure resists processing but the zein supramolecular arrangements in the formed films are dependent on processing methods.

Propagação de sapotizeiro (Manilkara zapota L.) por estaquia

Two sapoti tree accesses (Manilkara zapota), native plants of south of Mexico and of America Central, belonging to the Collection of Fruitful Native and Exotic of UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal Campus, was studied with relationship to the cutting propagation. The first test consisted of fast immersion of cutting base semi-herbaceous foliage of selected accesses FCAV-III and FCAV-VII. The ttreatments were alcoholic solution (50%) of indolbutiric acid (IBA) in concentrations of 0, 1,000, 3,000, 5,000 and 7,000 mgL(-1). and the cuttings preparing with and without latex exudate washing for a period of 14 hours in recipient with pure water. This trial was set in 5 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme (IBA concentrations x accesses x cutting preparation) The second test consisted the herbaceous foliage immersion of FCAV-III access in IBA concentrations above. Both experiments were distributed in randomized design with four replications and 10 cuttings each. All cuttings were collected in spring and prepared with about 12 cm of length, planted in medium texture vermiculite and carried under conditions intermittent mist spray flashing in chamber with 50% light. The two accesses tested not rooted and treatments were not able to induce the roots emission.

Alterações na produtividade e composição nutricional de uma pastagem após segundo ano de aplicação de diferentes doses de cama de frango

The objective was to evaluate the potential use of poultry litter, compared to mineral fertilization, productivity, features bromatologic and absorption of nutrients from a pasture of Brachiaria decumbens. The experimental area was installed in oxisoil in Uberlandia-MG. The design was randomized blocks with four replicates and the treatments used: control (without application of organic or mineral source), mineral fertilizer (60, 75 and 100 kg ha(-1), P K, respectively); organic fertilization with poultry litter at rates of 3,125, 6,250, 9,375 and 12,500 kg ha(-1). There were two cuts of the aerial part of Brachiaria decumbens, both at 60 days after treatment. We evaluated the yield of DM and the levels of CP, NDF, ADF, lignin, macro and micronutrients in shoots of grass. The results showed that application of poultry litter increased the productivity of DM and the levels of CP, N, P, K and Zn in Brachiaria decumbens. The poultry litter can be used as supplementary source of nutrients, the mineral fertilizer. The use of poultry litter not increased over the levels of S, Ca and Mg in Brachiaria decumbens.

Mirmecofauna em um fragmento de floresta atlântica urbana no município de Marília, Brasil

The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the habitat fragmentation on the Ant Fauna in an urban fragment of Semideciduous Seasonal Atlantic Forest located in the municipality of Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil. The studied fragment was divided into three environments in relation to edge: "Edge" (2m), "Transition" (30m) and "Interior" (90m). By using pitfalls traps and attractive baits there were done nine samples between November 2007 and February 2008. There were collected 3.873 individuals distributed into five subfamilies, 19 genera and 33 species. Five species were abundant on three studied environments: Ectatomma sp1, Mycocepurus goeldii, Paratrechina sp1, Pheidole sp2, Trachymyrmex sp1, Wasmannia auropunctata. The edge and transition environments presented the lower Simpsons diversity index and higher species dominance. However, it was observed little variation between these parameters between environments. Faunistic similarity between environments, expressed by Jaccard's similarity index showed high similarity between all studied environments. Because the studied site is an urban fragment, the similarity found between these areas can be related to habitat fragmentation process, an historical of constant anthropic perturbation and low local colonization rates. However, we suggest that a posteriori evaluation should be done with other arthropods groups like spiders and beetles in due to understand the changes that occur in urban fragments and support the choice of conservation and management actions in favor of this important forest remnant localized in urban area of Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil.

Free activity in the cage associated with body weight and restoration of bone structural and mechanical properties in growing rats after hindlimb unloading

We investigated the importance of daily free activity in the cage and body weight gain during the recovering of bone structural and mechanical properties in growing rats after hindlimb unloading. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (CG, n=24) and suspended (SG, n=24) groups. Animals from SG underwent a four-week hindlimb unloading period by tail-suspension. Animals from CG and those from SG after release were kept in collective cages and sacrificed at the age of 12, 16 and 20 weeks. Both femurs were removed and its area, bone mineral density (BMD), resistance to failure and stiffness were determined. Four-week hindlimb unloading decreased (p < 0.05) body weight (CG, 373.00 +/- 9.47 vs. SG, 295.86 +/- 9.19 g), BMD (CG, 0.19 +/- 0.01 vs. SG, 0.15 +/- 0.01 g/cm(2)), bone resistance to failure (CG, 147.75 +/- 5.05 vs. SG, 96.40 +/- 5.95 N) and stiffness (CG, 0.38 +/- 0.01 vs. SG, 0.23 +/- 0.02 N/m). Eight weeks of free activity in cage recovered (p > 0.05) the body weight (CG, 472.75 +/- 14.11 vs. SG, 444.75 +/- 18.91 g), BMD (CG, 0.24 +/- 0.01 vs. SG, 0.22 +/- 0.01 g/cm(2)), bone resistance to failure (CG, 195.73 +/- 10.06 vs. SG, 178.45 +/- 8.48 N) and stiffness (CG, 0.56 +/- 0.02 vs. SG, 0.47 +/- 0.03 N/m) of SG animals. Body weight correlated strongly with bone structural and mechanical properties (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, free activity in the cage associated with body weight gain restored bone structural and mechanical properties in growing rats after hindlimb unloading.

Diversidade genética de quatro linhagens de Oreochromis niloticus utilizando o marcador RAPD

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of four Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) strains using the RAPD marker. Fin samples of GIFT (G), Chitralada (C), Supreme (S) and Bouake (B) juvenile stocks have been collected. The 11 primers used yielded 81 fragments of which 41.98% were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci (G: 18.52%; C: 19.75%; S: 20.99% and B: 24.79%) showed that there was a genetic differentiation among the strains, showing the G(st) values a high (BxG: 0.231; BxC: 0.224; GxC: 0.194 and SxC: 0.208) and elevated (BxS: 0.315 and GxS: 0.270) differentiation. The highest gene flow (N(m)) was among the GxC (2.082) strains. The distance and genetic identity values (0.044 and 0.957 respectively) and the dendrogram indicate that the GxC is the most genetically similar strains. The genetic similarity was high among of the strains (G: 0,932; C: 0,903; S: 0,891 and B: 0.900). These results will enable a correct reproductive and genetic strains management.

Cryopreservation of Agaricus blazei in liquid nitrogen using dmso as cryoprotectant

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Oferta e distribuição de estágio supervisionado em cursos de odontologia do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Since 2002, which are in effect the Curriculum Guidelines for National Graduate courses in dentistry. The adequacy of the education needs of the Unified Health System is one of its main goals. As guidance, a way of achieving this goal is through supervised, which are presented as a tool for improving the academic scientific and technical, providing you know the reality of health and society in which to work. This study aims to examine the supply and distribution of supervised in graduate programs in dentistry in the state of Minas Gerais - Brazil. The material for analysis was obtained by sending letters to courses and consulting to its sites on the Internet. Were part of the study, 15 of the 23 courses in the state. It appeared that the load-hours of supervised showed variations between 315 and 975 hours, with only 20% of courses devoted 20% of the total working hours of supervised practice. There was no correlation between the total working hours of the course and working hours of supervised practice. The courses in which the supervised activities were represented only by extra muros showed a lower percentage of working hours in relation to total working hours of the course.

Variabilidade espacial da resistência do solo à penetração e do teor de água em sistema de plantio direto na cultura da soja

A harmful and limiting factor regarding culture productivity is soil compaction, a parameter that can be quantified by the resistance of the soil to penetration and highly influenced by water content. These variables present spatial and temporary variability, characteristics which can be determined by the geostatistical technique. In the light of the above, the present work had as its objective the study of spatial variability of soil resistance to penetration (RP) and water content in the soil (U) in soy culture. The RP values at depths of 0,00-0,10; 0,11-0,20 and 0,21-0,30 m varied from 2,9 to 4,28 MPa and are considered harmful to the root development of legumes, although they have not influenced soy productivity which was 3887 kg ha(-1). The medium water content of the soil was between 0,210 and 0,213 kg kg(-1) for the three depths studied. The resistance of the soil to penetration, expressed through semivariograms, presented spatial dependence at all depths, being adjusted to the spherical model at depths of 0,00-0,10m and exponential at depths of 0,110,20 and 0,21-0,30 m. The spatial variability for all studied layers presented a range of about 20m. The water content in the soil did not present spatial dependence for the depths, presenting randomized distribution.

Potencial alelopático e levantamento do banco natural de sementes sob a copa de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf

the aim of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of soil samples collected under the canopies of three specimens of Copaifera langsdorffii the germination of Lactuca sativa and survey the natural seed bank according to seasonality. To test the allelopathic effect was carried experiments of pre and post-emergence with seeds of L. sativa and to quantify the stock of seeds, soil samples were collected from three specimens at three distances from the stem (1, 2 and 3 m) and at three depths (0-5, 5-10 and 10-15cm) in the region of savanna in the dry and wet seasons. The samples tested in bioassay of pre-emergence no significant influence on germinability, mean germination time and mean germination speed, but showed a difference in the synchronism of germination, these data were independent of sampling station. In test for post-emergence was observed statistical difference in the parameters evaluate (length of primary roots and hypocotyls) in both seasons. To quantify the natural seed bank were macroscopic analysis of each soil sample with the help of stereoscopic microscope. The analysis of the natural seed bank showed a larger number of seeds in the 0-5cm and in distance of 2m for both seasons. The results suggest the presence of allelochemical substances in soil samples collected under the canopy of Copaifera langsdorffii.

Doses de inoculante e nitrogênio na semeadura da soja em área de primeiro cultivo

The inoculation of soybean crop with Bradyrhizobium bacteria is a widespread practice, due to excellent results achieved in productivity, however, some doubt still arise in relation the need of application of mineral nitrogen at sowing. In that mean, this work aimed to evaluate the response of the doses at inoculant and mineral nitrogen in the sowing of crop soybean in area of first cultivation. The experiments were carried in the experimental field of the University of the Estate of Mato Grosso, Campus of Alta Floresta - MT, Brazil, in the growing seasons of 2006/2007 and 2007/2008. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a factorial escheme 2 x 4, with four replications. The factors consisted in the inoculation of seeds with Bradyrhizobium japonicum *(3 e 6 mL kg(-1) of seeds), and nitrogen fertilizer at sowing *(0, 10, 20 e 40 kg ha(-1)). The following variables were evaluated: plant height, insertion height of first pod, number of pod per plant, number of grain per pod, mass of 100 grain and grain productivity. In the two growing seasons there was no significant difference for doses of inoculants applied in first year of cultivation with soybean. To nitrogen application at sowing of soybean crop there was quadratic effect to plant height and of insertion height of first pod and growing linear to number of pod per plant in the second year of cultivation, however, without significant increase the productivity.

Persistência e liberação de macronutrientes e silício da fitomassa de crotalária em função da fragmentação

The persistence of straw, as well as the dynamics of nutrients release of it, are important aspects to consider in the choice of plants for composition of crop rotations in a no tillage system. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the decomposition rate and macronutrients and silicon (Si) release from sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) phytomass, as a function of management, with and without fragmentation. A randomized blocks design, with four replications, in a factorial 2x6, constituted by two aboveground phytomass management after 75 days after emergence (with and without mechanical fragmentation) and six sampling times (0, 18, 32, 46, 74 and 91 days after management (DAM)), were evaluated the decomposition rate and nutrient release from sunn hemp biomass. The mechanical fragmentation of sunn hemp straw did not change the decomposition and macronutrients release. The maximum release rates occurred 0-18 DAM. Potassium is the most rapidly available nutrient, while the silicon is more slowly released to the ground. Over time there has been increasing Si content in the straw.

Investigação de parasitoses e/ou comensais intestinais em manipuladores de alimentos de escolas públicas

The objective of this work was to identify intestinal parasites and/or commensals among food handlers of public schools in the city of Patos of Minas (MG). The fecal samples were analyzed by Lutz's method (1919). The positive results were 21.7% (13 cases) for parasites and/or commensal. The frequence of intestinal parasites and/or commensal of food handlers in the public schools showed low positive, probably as a result of good habits of personal hygiene and prophylactic treatment of parasitic.