Evaluation of the courtship and of the hybrid male sterility among Drosophila buzzatii cluster species (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Homomorphic self-incompatibility, with stylar rejection site, in Luehea grandiflora Mart. and Zucc. (Tiliaceae-Malvaceae s.l.)

The breeding system of Luehea grandiflora (Tiliaceae-Malvaceae s.l.) was investigated using hand pollinations and fluorescence microscopy studies of pollen tube growth. Although selfed flowers persisted for some 10 days, our study indicates that L. grandiflora is self-incompatible, with self pollen tube inhibition in the upper style, as occurs in many taxa with homomorphic, gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI). L. grandiflora is only the second species reported within the Malvales with homomorphic stylar inhibition. This result is discussed within the context of a report for self-compatibility in this species, and we also consider the phylogenetic implications for the occurrence of GSI in the family Malvaceae s.l.

Measurement of the t-Channel Single Top Quark Production Cross Section in pp Collisions at root s=7 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo da enxertia hipocotiledonar do maracujazeiro-amarelo sobre dois porta-enxertos, através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar quanto tempo após a realização da enxertia hipocotiledonar ocorre a soldadura ou adesão entre enxerto e porta-enxerto, e também a formação da ponte de calo, verificada pelo total preenchimento da fenda por tecido meristemático secundário (calo). Foram produzidas 56 mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) pela enxertia hipocotiledonar em fenda cheia no topo sobre dois porta-enxertos (P. edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. e P. alata Dryander). Aos 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 e 18 dias após a enxertia, coletou-se a região da enxertia de quatro mudas de cada combinação. O material coletado foi fixado em solução de glutaraldeído a 3%, pós-fixado em tetróxido de ósmio a 2%, desidratado em uma série de álcool etílico (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100%), levado ao secador de ponto crítico (CO2), montado, metalizado com ouro - paládio (35 nm) e, por fim, observados e eletromicrografados em microscópio eletrônico de varredura JEOL JSM 5410 (operado em 15 kV). Verificou-se que, aos seis dias após a enxertia, a soldadura para o porta-enxerto Passiflora alata já havia ocorrido, o que só foi constatado para Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa aos nove dias. Também, aos nove dias, observou-se para ambos os porta-enxertos a completa formação da ponte de calo, indicando que, a partir daí, pode-se iniciar o processo de aclimatação da muda, para levá-la a um ambiente de menor umidade.

Florescimento e frutificação do maracujazeiro silvestre Passiflora setacea D. C. cultivado em Jaboticabal, SP

Muitas espécies de Passiflora apresentam comportamento florífero diferente durante o ano e, consequentemente, com variações nas produções e períodos de colheitas, como observado para o maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis sims). Estudo com espécies silvestre constitui-se numa importante alternativa para usos de novos genótipos no melhoramento das espécies cultivadas comercialmente, em especial, a Passiflora setacea, devido ao grande potencial de mercado; contudo, essa espécie é pouco estudada, principalmente em relação à propagação, germinação, floração e condições de armazenamento. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o florescimento e a frutificação do maracujazeiro silvestre Passiflora setacea cultivado em Jaboticabal-SP. A floração e a frutificação foram avaliadas pelo percentual de frutificação através da polinização natural e artificial das flores, realizado no período de agosto a outubro. As características físicas dos frutos foram avaliadas através dos seguintes parâmetros: a) massa do fruto (g); b) diâmetro longitudinal do fruto (cm); c) diâmetro transversal do fruto (cm); d) espessura da casca (cm); e) rendimento de polpa (%). A característica química foi determinada por meio do teor de sólidos solúveis (SS). Verificou-se que a Passiflora setacea apresentou precocidade de floração em relação ao maracujazeiro-amarelo, com florescimento durante o ano todo, nas condições de Jaboticabal-SP. Observou-se que essa espécie possui bom nível de tolerância às doenças foliares, resistência à morte precoce e apresenta diferentes níveis de compatibilidade entre as plantas, possibilitando a essas características serem utilizadas em programas de melhoramento genético. Constatou-se ainda que as características físicas encontradas nos frutos atendem às exigências da indústria.

Incompatibilidade somática em Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA da soja

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Crescimento, esporulação e viabilidade de fungos entomopatogênicos em meios contendo diferentes concentrações do óleo de nim (Azadirachta indica)

A associação de extratos de origem vegetal com fungos entomopatogênicos pode aumentar a eficiência do controle biológico de pragas, reduzir custos e impactos ambientais. No presente trabalho, avaliou-se, através da concentração inibitória mínima, o efeito do óleo de nim (NIM-I-GO) sobre o crescimento, esporulação e viabilidade de Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana e Paecilomyces farinosus. Utilizou-se o meio BDA, contendo diferentes concentrações de óleo de nim (C1: 5% de óleo de nim, e sucessivamente concentrações iguais a ½ da concentração anterior, até C11: 0,0048% de óleo de nim). O óleo de nim reduziu o crescimento de colônias de B. bassiana e P. farinosus, que não diferiram significativamente do controle apenas na concentração C11, mas para M. anisopliae o mesmo efeito foi observado com 0,039% de óleo de nim (C8). A esporulação também foi significativamente reduzida pelo óleo de nim, exceto na concentração C11 para B. bassiana; contudo, não se verificou efeito do óleo na viabilidade de esporos dos fungos.

Criteria for mixed grids in computational fluid dynamics

The finite volume method is used as a numerical method for solving the fluid flow equations. This method is appropriate to employ under structured and unstructured meshes. Mixed grids, combining both types of grids, are investigated. The coupling of different grids is done by overlapping strategy. The computational effort for the mixed grid is evaluated by the CPU-time, with different percentage of covering area of the unstructured mesh. The present scheme is tested for the driven cavity problem, where the incompressible fluid is integrated by calculating the velocity fields and computing the pressure field in each time step. Several schemes for unstructured grid are examined, and the compatibility condition is applied to check their consistency. A scheme to verify the compatibility condition for the unstructured grids is presented. (c) 2006 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Shear bond strengths of a ceramic system to alternative metal alloys

Statement of problem. The success of metal-ceramic restorations is influenced by the compatibility between base metal alloys and porcelains. Although porcelain manufacturers recommend their own metal systems as the most compatible for fabricating metal-ceramic prostheses, a number of alloys have been used.Purpose. This study evaluated the shear bond strength between a porcelain system and 4 alternative alloys.Material and methods. Two Ni-Cr alloys: 4 ALL and Wiron 99, and 2 Co-Cr alloys: IPS d.SIGN 20 and Argeloy NP were selected for this study. The porcelain (IPS d.Sign porcelain system) portion of the cylindrical inetal-ceramic specimens was 4 mm thick and 4 mm high; the metal portion was machined to 4 x 4 mm, with a base that was 5 nun thick and 1 mm high. Forty-four specimens were prepared (n=11). Ten specimens from each group were subjected to a shear load oil a universal testing machine using a 1 min/min crosshead speed. One specimen from each group was observed with a scanning electron microscope. Stress at failure (MPa) was determined. The data were analyzed with a 1-way analysis of variance (alpha=.05).Results. The groups, all including IPS d.Sign porcelain, presented the following mean bond strengths (+/-SD) in MPa: 4 ALL, 54.0 +/- 20.0; Wiron, 63.0 +/- 13.5; IPS d.SIGN 20, 71.7 +/- 19.2; Argeloy NP, 55.2 +/- 13.5. No significant differences were found among the shear bond strength values for the metal-ceramic specimens tested.Conclusion. None of the base metal alloys studied demonstrated superior bond strength to the porcelain tested.

Comparative genomic analysis of plant-associated bacteria

This review deals with a comparative analysis of seven genome sequences from plant-associated bacteria. These are the genomes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Mesorhizobium loti, Sinorhizobium meliloti, Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri, Xylella fastidiosa, and Ralstonia solanacearum. Genome structure and the metabolism pathways available highlight the compromise between the genome size and lifestyle. Despite the recognized importance of the type III secretion system in controlling host compatibility, its presence is not universal in all necrogenic pathogens. Hemolysins, hemagglutinins, and some adhesins, previously reported only for mammalian pathogens, are present in most organisms discussed. Different numbers and combinations of cell wall degrading enzymes and genes to overcome the oxidative burst generally induced by the plant host are characterized in these genomes. A total of 19 genes not involved in housekeeping functions were found common to all these bacteria.

Influence of moisture absorption on mechanical behaviour of composites

Because of their application that normally demands high mechanical strength combined with low weight, the fibre/matrix interface became an important parameter concerning structural life. The problem of moisture absorption in materials has received attention in experimental studies on a composite systems as well as from a theorical point of view. The fibre/matrix interface plays an important role in the structural behaviour of composites due to the fact that load transfer from matrix to reinforce occurs at the interface. In this case the study of compatibility of fibre/matrix/environmental is essential to ensure a product that attend structural objectives, many times without failure possibilities. The composite used in this investigation is the carbon fibre/matrix epoxy composite, which was immersed in sea water standard during 94 days at 60 degrees C, submitted to tensile and compressive tests to study the influence of moisture absorption on mechanical behaviour. The interface was investigated through fracture surface analysis by SEM and a strong interface and a good adhesion fibre/matrix was observed.

Design of a LNA and a Gilbert Cell Mixer MMICs with a GaAsPHEMT technology

The design of a Gilbert Cell Mixer and a low noise amplifier (LNA), using GaAs PHEMT technology is presented. The compatibility is shown for co-integration of both block on the same chip, to form a high performance 1.9 GHz receiver front end. The designed LNA shows 9.23 dB gain and 2.01 dB noise figure (NF). The mixer is designed to operate at RF=1.9 GHz, LO=2.0 GHz and IF=100 MHz with a gain of 14.3 dB and single sideband noise figure (SSB NF) of 9.6 dB. The mixer presents a bandwith of 8 GHz.

Identification and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in citrus

Most of the cultivated species of citrus have narrow genetic basis. Relationships among species and cultivars are obscured by sexual compatibility, polyembryony, apomixis and a high incidence of somatic mutations. DNA analysis is crucial in genetic studies not only for citrus breeding programs but also for characterization of hybrids and species. In this paper, single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) were investigated in 58 accessions of Citrus, hybrids and related genera. Genomic sequences of 'Pera IAC' sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) were used for primer design and selection of sequence tagged sites (STSs) for identification of SNPs. Analysis of 36 STSs showed identical sequences among 40 of the 41 sweet orange accessions studied. However, these accessions were heterozygous for many SNPs. Ten selected STSs were analyzed in 17 additional accessions from 13 species and hybrids. Comparing to the 'Pera IAC' sweet orange accession, a total of 150 polymorphic nucleotides were identified and most of the alterations were transitions ( 52.7%). The greatest number of SNPs was observed in Poncirus trifoliata ( L.) Raf. and the smallest in 'Ponkan' mandarin ( Citrus reticulata Blanco). At the intra-specific level, 'Bafa Gigante' ( Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) was the only sweet orange accession with a divergent SNPs genotype, which corroborates the hypothesis of a hybrid origin for this accession. Although the STSs analyzed represent randomly sampled genomic sequences, they provided consistent information about the level of polymorphism and showed the potential of SNPs markers for characterization and phylogenetic studies.

Fluorescent lamp model based on equivalent resistances, considering the effects of dimming operation

This paper presents a new methodology for the determination of fluorescent lamp models based on equivalent resistances. One important feature of the proposed methodology is concerned with the inclusion of the filaments into the model, considering the effects of dimming operation on the equivalent resistances. The classical Series-Resonant Parallel-Loaded Half-Bridge inverter is used as the power stage of the ballast. Moreover, the variation of the inverter's switching frequency is the dimming technique assumed for the analyses. Results obtained with a F32T8 lamp indicate that the accuracy of the model is very satisfactory. Thus, the lamp models obtained with the proposed methodology have the potential to serve as an important tool for ballast designers, considering the necessity for evaluating the lamp/ballast compatibility, according to issues concerned to the operating conditions of the electrodes' filaments.

Linear analysis of building floor structures by a BEM formulation based on Reissner's theory

In this work, the plate bending formulation of the boundary element method (BEM) based on the Reissner's hypothesis is extended to the analysis of zoned plates in order to model a building floor structure. In the proposed formulation each sub-region defines a beam or a slab and depending on the way the sub-regions are represented, one can have two different types of analysis. In the simple bending problem all sub-regions are defined by their middle surface. on the other hand, for the coupled stretching-bending problem all sub-regions are referred to a chosen reference surface, therefore eccentricity effects are taken into account. Equilibrium and compatibility conditions are automatically imposed by the integral equations, which treat this composed structure as a single body. The bending and stretching values defined on the interfaces are approximated along the beam width, reducing therefore the number of degrees of freedom. Then, in the proposed model the set of equations is written in terms of the problem values on the beam axis and on the external boundary without beams. Finally some numerical examples are presented to show the accuracy of the proposed model.