Avaliação clínica, microbiológica, imunológica e genética em pacientes com implantes osseointegrados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Determinação fenotípica das haptoglobinas em pacientes com dor crônica causadas por desordens temporomandibulares

The phenotypes of the hemoglobin-haptoglobin (HbHp) system were measured in 124 subjects, 100 patients with chronic pain in temporomandibular disorders and 24 normal, without any bodily pain during the years 2000 -2003. The system Hb-Hp showed polymorphism Hp1-1, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2, at 100% and 85% respectively; anahaptoglobinemia (Hp0) in 15% of the sample studied. Hp1-1 genotype was present significantly (p < 0, 0001) in patients with TMDs, regardless the clinical type TMD, suggesting that Hp1-1 and likely genetic marker of susceptibility for the development of chronic pain in TMD.

TNF-308G > A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Is Associated With Leprosy Among Brazilians: A Genetic Epidemiology Assessment, Meta-Analysis, and Functional Study

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Genetic polymorphism and their contribution to cancer susceptibility

Uma vez que a maioria dos carcinogênicos químicos não é capaz de causar efeitos danosos per se, o metabolismo desses compostos é a parte crucial da resposta inicial à exposição ambiental. Os distúrbios causados no balanço entre os processos de ativação e destoxificação podem, assim, explicar as variações individuais em resposta à exposição aos carcinogênicos. A quantidade de compostos carcinogênicos finais produzida depende da ação competitiva entre os passos de ativação e destoxificação, envolvendo as enzimas do citocromo P450 e das S-glutatião transferases.

Evaluation of the genetic diversity of Xylella fastidiosa strains from citrus and coffee hosts by single-nucleotide polymorphism markers

The aim of this study was to obtain information about genetic diversity and make some inferences about the relationship of 27 strains of Xylella fastidiosa from different hosts and distinct geographical areas. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular markers were identified in DNA sequences from 16 distinct regions of the genome of 24 strains of X. fastidiosa from coffee and citrus plants. Among the Brazilian strains, coffee-dependent strains have a greater number of SNPs (10 to 24 SNPs) than the citrus-based strains (2 to 12 SNPs); all the strains were compared with the sequenced strain 9a5c. The identified SNP markers were able to distinguish, for the first time, strains from citrus plants and coffee and showed that strains from coffee present higher genetic diversity than the others. These markers also have proven to be efficient for discriminating strains from the same host obtained from different geographic regions. X. fastidiosa, the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis, possesses genetic diversity, and the SNP markers were highly efficient for discriminating genetically close organisms.

Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) analyses and genetic diversity in Litopenaeus vannamei (Penaeidae)

The Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Penaeidae), represents about 95% of all Brazilian shrimp production. The Brazilian L. vannamei foundation broodstock was made up of specimens collected from different American Pacific sites, but little information was collected on the genetic structure of the broodstock. We used the fluorescence amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) method to study the genetic diversity of L. vannamei broodstock lines 03CMF1 and 03CBF1 originally produced by breeder-shrimps imported mainly from Panama and Ecuador, although wild individuals from other localities may also have been used in producing these two lines. Our results showed a total of 93 polymorphic bands ranging from 50 to 500 bp, the mean Nei's genetic diversity calculated for the total sample was 13.4% and identity and genetic distance analyses indicated high genetic homogeneity within and between both the broodstock lineages studied which suggests that they had similar genetic structure. These results may represent an important tool for the appropriate management of L. vannamei broodstocks. Copyright by the Brazilian Society of Genetics.

Genetic polymorphism of Streptococcus mutans strains associated with incomplete caries removal

Aim: Despite the antibacterial properties of dental materials, the survival of residual bacteria under restorations has been demonstrated after incomplete caries removal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic polymorphism of Streptococcus mutans strains isolated from deep dentinal lesions before and three months after incomplete caries removal. Methods: Samples of carious dentin were collected from 33 primary and/or permanent molars before and after indirect pulp treatment and processed for microbiological isolation of mutans streptococci (MS). After three months of the dental treatment, positive cultures for MS were detected in only ten of these teeth. DNA of MS isolates were obtained and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification of S mutans. The arbitrary primed-PCR method (primer OPA-13) was used to detect the genetic polymorphism of S. mutans strains. Results: Identical or highly related S. mutans genotypes were observed in each tooth, regardless of the collect. Considering each tooth separately, a maximum of nine genotypic patterns were found in each tooth from all the collects. In addition, at least one genotypic pattern was repeated in the three collects. Genetic diversity was observed among the S. mutans isolates, obtained from different teeth after three months of the dental treatment. Conclusions: The persistence of identical genotypic patterns and the genetic similarity among the isolates, from the same tooth in distinct collects, showed the resistance of some S. mutans strains after incomplete caries removal treatment.

The genetic polymorphism of diabetic nephropathy

Introduction: The Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) affects approximately 40% of patients diagnosed with DM is associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular phenomena and is considered the main cause of Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) in patients dialectics. Methods: Searches were performed on Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases using the crossing between the key-words: “genetic polymorphism” and “diabetic nephropathy”. Results: The selected studies indicated that diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of chronic renal failure, which significantly reduces the life expectancy of diabetics. Currently, some factors may have connection with DN. They are: genetic predisposition based on family history, hypertension, and cardiovascular events, quality of glycemic control and lipid levels and blood pressure and smoking. Conclusion: Studies constants are essential to add new elements in the literature for the definition (s) of factor (s) gene (s) specific (s) of diabetic nephropathy.

Human Platelet Polymorphism can be a genetic marker associated with HIV/HCV coinfection

To evaluate the associations of HPA polymorphisms -1, -3, and -5 with HIV/HCV coinfection were included in this study 60 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients from the Sao Paulo State health service centers. Data reported by Verdichio-Moraes et al. (2009: J. Med Virol 81:757-759) were used as the non-infected and HCV monoinfected groups. Human Platelet Polymorphism genotyping was performed in 60 Patients co-infected with HIV/HCV by PCR-SSP or PCR-RFLP. HIV subtyping and HCV genotyping was performed by RT-PCR followed sequencing. The data analyses were performed using the χ2 test or Fisher's Exact Test and the logistic regression model. Patients coinfected with HIV/HCV presented HCV either genotype 1 (78.3%) or non-1 (21.7%) and HIV either subtype B (85.0%) or non-B (15%). The Human Platelet Polymorphism-1a/1b genotype was more frequent (P < 0.05) in HIV/HCV coinfection than in HCV monoinfection and the allelic frequency of Human Platelet Polymorphism-5b in the Patients coinfected with HIV/HCV was higher (P < 0.05) than in HCV monoinfected cases and non-infected individuals. These data suggest that the presence of specific HPA allele on platelets could favor the existence of coinfection. On the other hand, Human Platelet Polymorphism-5a/5b was more frequent (P < 0.05) in HIV/HCV coinfected and HCV monoinfected groups than in the non-infected individuals, suggesting that this platelet genotype is related to HCV infection, regardless of HIV presence. Results suggest that the Human Platelet Polymorphism profile in HIV/HCV coinfected individuals differs from the one of both HCV monoinfected and non-infected population. So, the Human Platelet Polymorphism can be a genetic marker associated with HIV/HCV coinfection.

Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping of human and animal Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dairy farms with manual milking

Fluorescence amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) was used to assess the genetic relatedness of 40 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from human and animal skin samples in seven dairy farms with manual milking. S. aureus was isolated from 11 out of 30 (36%) human skin samples and from 29 out of 100 (29%) teat skin samples from apparently healthy cows. Genomic DNA from each isolate was double-digested with EcoRI and MseI and complementary oligonucleotide adaptors were ligated to the restriction fragments. Pre-selective and selective, amplification reactions were performed, the amplified fragments were separated by electrophoresis in an ABI377 sequencer and analysed using GeneScan 3.1 and Genotyper 2.5. Three single isolates (a-c), a predominant cluster with 35 isolates (d) and another cluster with two isolates (e) were identified. Both clusters d and e included human and animal isolates genetically related, because the profiles had 90-100% homology. Since no cluster was comprised uniquely of human or animal isolates and given the close genetic relatedness among human and animal samples in the farms, the present findings support the. hypothesis that dairy workers can spread S. aureus through manual milking. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of the genetic variability among Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. (Fabaceae) plants using RAPD molecular markers

O flamboyanzinho (Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Fabaceae) é muito utilizado como cerca-viva e na arborização de ruas, parques e jardins. de florescimento exuberante, suas flores podem apresentar coloração rosa, laranja ou amarela, conforme a variedade. Como características florais são essenciais para a definição do valor comercial de espécies ornamentais, o objetivo principal do trabalho foi verificar a existência de polimorfismo entre plantas de C. pulcherrima, que produzem flores de diferentes colorações, por marcadores moleculares RAPD. Foram escolhidas aleatoriamente 30 plantas adultas, cultivadas no município de Jaboticabal, Estado de São Paulo, para a retirada de amostras foliares para a extração de DNA. Dentre essas matrizes, 20 possuem flores alaranjadas, oito, flores amarelas, e apenas duas produzem flores de coloração rosa. Dos 140 primers de RAPD avaliados, 94 foram capazes de ampliar fragmentos definidos, gerando 246 bandas, das quais se observou 100% de bandas monomórficas, indicando que nenhum dos primers utilizados detectou polimorfismo entre os tratamentos. Concluiu-se que a técnica para detecção de polimorfismo por marcadores RAPD não foi eficiente, e que existe a necessidade de se testarem marcadores moleculares mais específicos. Além disso, a característica morfológica cor de flor é, possivelmente, controlada por vários genes ou pela combinação deles.

Genetic diversity of natural populations of Anemopaegma arvense (Bignoniaceae) in the Cerrado of São Paulo State, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genetic characterization of fig tree mutants with molecular markers

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in Exon 2 of the BoLA-DRB3 gene in South American cattle

The Bola-DRB3 gene participates in the development of the immune response and is highly polymorphic. For these reasons, it has been a candidate gene in studies of the genetic basis of disease resistance and in population genetic analysis. South American native cattle breeds have been widely replaced by improved exotic breeds leading to a loss of genetic resources. In particular South American native breeds have high levels of fertility and disease resistance. This work describes genetic variability in the BoLA-DRB3 gene in native (Caracu, Pantaneiro, Argentinean Creole) and exotic (Holstein, Jersey, Nelore, Gir) cattle breeds in Brazil and Argentina. PCR-RFLP alleles were identified by combining the restriction patterns for the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus obtained with RsaI, BstY, and HaeIII restriction enzymes. Allelic frequencies and deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were also calculated. Analysis of the 24 BoLA-DRB3 PCR-RFLP alleles identified showed differences in the allele distributions among breeds.

Genetic Diversity of a Brazilian Strain Collection of Xanthomonas citri subsp citri Based on the Type III Effector Protein Genes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)