Insuficiência de vitamina D em pacientes infectados pelo HIV tratados com terapia antirretroviral contendo tenofovir

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação quanto à presença de microalbuminúria e hiperfiltração glomerular no estágio de tolerância à glicose diminuída

Na fase de tolerância à glicose diminuída (TGD) já estão presentes vários distúrbios metabólicos característicos do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e fatores de risco que predispõem à vasculopatia. Nosso objetivo foi o de verificar se indivíduos de nossa população, com TGD e normotensos, apresentam elevação da excreção urinária de albumina (EUA) e da depuração de creatinina (D Cr). Teste oral de tolerância à glicose padrão com dosagem de insulina foi realizado, classificando os participantes em dois grupos: com TGD e com tolerância à glicose normal (TGN). Urina do período noturno foi utilizada para a determinação da EUA (imunoturbidimetria) e da D Cr. Os dois grupos não diferiram quanto à EUA e à D Cr. A freqüência de microalbuminúria foi de 21,1 e 3,3%, respectivamente, para os grupos com TGD e TGN (NS). Concluímos que, nesta amostra da população brasileira, indivíduos com TGD, normotensos e com resistência à insulina não apresentaram microalbuminúria e hiperfiltração glomerular.

Long-term effects of insulin therapy, islet transplantation, and pancreas transplantation in the prevention of glomerular changes in kidneys of alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Groups of inbred alloxan-induced diabetic rats were treated with insulin (I), islets (IT), or pancreas transplantation (PT). Nondiabetic (N) and untreated diabetic (D) control groups were concurrently included. Each group was divided into five subgroups of 10 rats and killed after follow-up of 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded, and kidney ultrastructural and morphometric analyses performed in each 12-month subgroup, namely glomerular basement membrane (GM) thickening, podocyte number, and number/extension of slit diaphragms (S). Rats from the I group showed poor metabolic control of diabetes compared with N group control rats. However, successfully transplanted rats (IT and PT) had complete restoration to normal levels for all metabolic parameters. GM thickening was significantly higher in diabetic compared with control rats. In contrast, the numbers of podocytes and slits as well as slit extensions were significantly decreased. Insulin therapy did not prevent any alterations upon comparison of diabetic vs control rats. Despite good metabolic control in IT rats, the degree of kidney lesion control never compared with that achieved in PT rats. In this group all glomerular changes were similar to the age-dependent lesions observed in control rats. We conclude that either IT or PT may be a good option for diabetes treatment, although pancreas transplantation seems to be the most effective treatment to control chronic complications.

Padrões morfológicos de lesão glomerular e correlação com achados clinicolaboratoriais de 43 crianças com síndrome nefrótica

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a associação entre os parâmetros clinicolaboratoriais e alteração morfológica de biópsias renais em crianças com síndrome nefrótica. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram obtidos dos prontuários médicos de 43 crianças com síndrome nefrótica submetidas a biópsia renal. RESULTADOS: Vinte e oito pacientes eram do sexo masculino (65,1%), idades entre 1,4 a 12 anos (média de 4,7±3,2). Quarenta e dois pacientes (97,7%) apresentaram edema; 83,7%, oligúria e 32,5%, hipertensão arterial. A média de proteinúria foi 15,3g/1,73m²SC/dia e 55,8% apresentaram hematúria microscópica. As biópsias renais mostraram: glomerulonefrite proliferativa mesangial (GNPM) em 37,2%, glomeruloesclerose segmentar e focal (GESF) em 27,9%, alterações glomerulares mínimas (LM) em 25,6%, glomerulonefrite membranoproliferativa (GNMP) em 7% e glomerulonefrite membranosa (GNM) em 2,3%. Vinte e seis pacientes (60,5%) apresentaram resistência ao corticosteróide. Idade, sexo, hipertensão arterial, oligúria, uréia e creatinina séricas não mostraram diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os pacientes com GNPM, GESF e LM. Os pacientes com GNPM e GESF apresentaram maior freqüência de hematúria microscópica (p < 0,003 e p < 0,03; respectivamente). Os pacientes com GESF apresentaram maiores níveis de proteinúria (p < 0,01 versus LM e p < 0,05 versus GNPM). Os pacientes com LM apresentaram sensibilidade ao corticosteróide (p < 0,001 versus GESF e p = 0,047 versus GNPM). CONCLUSÕES: Sexo, idade, presença de hipertensão arterial ou oligúria e níveis séricos de uréia e creatinina não auxiliaram na diferenciação entre pacientes com GNPM, GESF e LM. Os pacientes com LM apresentaram sensibilidade a corticosteróides e menos probabilidade de apresentar hematúria microscópica. Pacientes com GESF apresentaram maiores níveis de proteinúria.

Effect of long-term treatment with insulin and/or acarbose on glomerular basement membrane thickening in alloxan-diabetic rats

Acarbose is a competitive inhibitor of the intestinal alpha-glycosidases, that can delay absorption of intestinal carbohydrates causing their malabsorption. In the present paper we studied the effects of insulin, acarbose and their association on glomerular basement membrane thickening in alloxan-diabetic rats. Twenty-five male and female Wistar rats, approximately 3 months old at the beginning of the experiment, were assigned randomly to each of five experimental groups: normal control rats, alloxan-diabetic control rats, alloxan-diabetic rats treated with acarbose, alloxan-diabetic rats treated with insulin, and alloxan-diabetic rats treated with insulin plus acarbose. Alloxan was administered in a single iv dose of 42 mg/kg body weight. Insulin was given subcutaneously at doses of 18 to 30 IU/kg corrected daily on the basis of glycosuria and ketonuria. Acarbose was given mixed with rat chow in a dose of 50 mg/100 g chow. Body weight, water and food intake and diuresis, as well as blood and urine glucose were determined after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment. Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening was determined by electron microscopy at the same times. Clear clinical and laboratory signs of severe diabetes, with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dl and urine glucose above 3000 mg/dl, were observed in all alloxan-diabetic control rats, in all periods of follow-up, whereas administration of insulin or acarbose reduced the blood glucose levels of treated groups. The most satisfactory control of blood and urine glucose was observed in animals treated with both insulin and acarbose. However, diarrhea was observed in diabetic rats treated with acarbose associated or not with insulin. GBM thickening was correlated with age in all groups. Beginning at six months after diabetes induction, the GBM of untreated diabetic rats was significantly thicker (mean +/- SEM, 4.446 +/- 0.45 mm) than that of normal rats (2.977 +/- 0.63 mm). Both insulin and acarbose prevented GBM thickening and their combination induced thickening similar to the age-dependent thickening observed for normal rats of the same age. We conclude that acarbose when combined with insulin may be a good option in the control of diabetes and its renal complications.

Emprego do reagente de fenton como agente coagulante na remoção de substâncias húmicas de água por meio da flotação por ar dissolvido e filtração

Fenton 's reagent was used as coagulant agent to treat water with high true color (100 ± 5 HU) caused by the introduction of humic substances extracted from peat, using dissolved air flotation. The pair value of coagulant dosage x coagulation pH was optimized to posterior construction of coagulation diagrams, reaching apparent color removal efficiency slightly superior to 60%. It was tried to simulate a treatment with complete cycle, carrying out an experiment with sand filtration after flotation, obtaining an effluent with excellent quality, presenting remnant apparent color, turbidity and absorbance of 253.7 nm less or equal to 2 HU, 0.40 TU and 0.009 cm -1, respectively, and residual total iron < 0.005 mg/L and DOC < 0.001 mg/L.

Avaliação da função glomerular de cães sadios e nefropatas sob estimulação dopaminérgica

Dopamine is an endogenous compound widely used in intensive care. It has a broad spectrum of action, on the cardiovascular system and urinary tract. Increased glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow and fractional excretion of sodium and phosphorus are expected renal effects in normal individuals, but are poorly explored in veterinary medicine. This study was conducted to evaluate the glomerular function of dogs with renal disease submitted to continuous infusion of dopamine. Different doses of dopamine were administered in healthy and nephropathic dogs. Laboratory evaluations of creatinine clearance and urinary protein/creatinine ratio were performed during and after treatments. Creatinine clearance showed dose-dependent increase in healthy dogs. In dogs with renal disease, the dose of 1μg/kg/min GFR increased slightly, without changing the urine P/C and blood pressure, while the dose of 3μg/kg/min increased urinary protein excretion.

Análise físico-química e energética do resíduo da terra diatomácea utilizada como auxiliar de filtração na indústria de cerveja

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Análise da variabilidade do processo de filtração em filtros de tambor rotativo contínuo a vácuo para lodo de caldo de cana de açúcar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ultra e micro filtração para clarificação de suco de yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia) na obtenção de xarope rico em frutanos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo da eficiência das ondas de ultra-som em relação ao hipoclorito de sódio e à filtração adsorção na eliminação de microrganismos em estação de tratamento de água

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

Remoção de micropoluentes na filtração lenta com pré-oxidação com radiação solar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Utilização de colunas verticais de filtração em manta e areia como pré-tratamento de filtro lento

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)