Proteinograma s��rico de bezerros rec��m-nascidos alimentados com colostro de vacas com mastite

The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum protein concentration in newborns fed with colostrum derived from healthy cows (n = 10), cows with subclinical mastitis (n = 10) and cows with clinical mastitis (n = 10). 30 Holstein cows were assigned to their respective groups according to macroscopic examination of colostral secretion, somatic cell count, CMT and presence of bacteria in colostrum samples. Blood samples of the calves were collected immediately after birth, at 24 and 48 hours after ingestion of colostrum. The total protein was measured by the biuret method and the concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), transferrin, albumin and haptoglobin was determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). No differences were obser- ved amongst groups in the concentrations of albumin, total protein and IgA. In animals from cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis haptoglobin concentrations were higher than those of healthy animals. The concentrations of IgG and transferrin were significantly lower in calves from cows with mastitis. We concluded that the ingestion of colostrum from infected and uninfected glands from cows with mastitis (GII e GIII) is unlikely to be an important contributor to the high rate of failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins in calves.

Avalia����o histomor fom��trica dos efeitos da movimenta����o dent��ria induzida sobre molares murinos submetidos �� luxa����o extrusiva em per��odos tardios

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Contagem de c��lulas som��ticas para o diagn��stico da mastite subcl��nica ovina em diferentes ra��as em dois per��odos de lacta����o

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Avalia����o da Transloca����o Microbiana em Gestantes Infectadas pelo HIV

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Acidose l��ctica ruminal aguda induzida experimentalmente em ovinos: estudo cl��nico e laboratorial

P��s-gradua����o em Medicina Veterin��ria - FCAV

Estresse oxidativo em equinos submetidos �� obstru����o intraluminal do c��lon menor

P��s-gradua����o em Medicina Veterin��ria - FCAV

Acute phase response following ovariohysterectomy in female dogs

The concentrations of acute phase proteins are correlated with the severity of the surgical trauma, being elevated when severe tissue injury is produced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the leukogram and the acute phase proteins concentrations in healthy female dogs submitted to minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy, with the use of nylon cable ties (G1), and conventional (laparotomy) ovariohysterectomy, with the use of nylon suture (G2), as methods to ligate the ovarian pedicles and uterine body, respectively. Blood samples from 30 adult healthy female dogs (15 for each group) were obtained before surgery, and at 24 and 48 h and 7 days after surgery. Serum protein fractions were determined by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Neutrophilia was observed 24 h after both surgical procedures but did not differ (P���������0.05) between the groups. In G1, the estimated concentration of ceruloplasmin increased (P���������0.05) 48 h after the surgical procedure. The estimated ceruloplasmin concentration was significantly higher in G1 (P���������0.05) when compared to G2 48 h postoperatively, and the estimated haptoglobin concentration was also significantly greater in G1 (P���������0.05) than in G2 from 24 h to 7 days after surgery. Through the ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin estimated concentrations, we conclude that the minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy caused a more intense inflammatory response, which was not reflected in the white blood cell count.

Mastite infecciosa equina: uma vis��o geral da doen��a

Mastits is considered uncommon disease in mares. Streptococcus equi, Staphylococcus sp., Corynebacterium sp., Actinobacillus sp., Nocardia sp. and enterobacterias are major microorganisms involved in equine mammary infections. The disease is commonly related to traumatic lesions in mammary glands and teats. Edema, fibrosis, masses to palpation of glands, and viscous to seropurulent milk are mainly clinical signs observed in affected animals. The diagnosis is based on clinical exam of mammary glands and microbiological culture of the milk. There are no standard to use of indirect exams on diagnosis, including California Mastits Test and Somatic Cell Count. Systemic antimicrobials are recommended in therapy, based on previous ���in vitro��� susceptibility microbiological test. No specific control measures are indicated in equine mastits. The present study reviewed the mastits in mares, with emphasis to etiology, epidemiology findings, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and control aspects.

Vitamin A affects haematology, growth and immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.), but has no protective effect against bacterial challenge or cold-induced stress

Vitamin A (vitA) is an essential nutrient that acts as an endocrine regulator of several metabolic pathways, modulating normal growth and health status of animals. Although the importance of vitA for normal haematology and immune response is well documented for higher vertebrates, there is limited information on the physiological effects of vitA on fish. Therefore, we designed a 130-day feeding trial to evaluate the effect of vitA supplementation on growth, haematology, immune function and resistance to experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila and cold-induced stress. A group of 320 Nile tilapia fingerlings 7.49 �� 0.19 g weight (mean �� SD) were randomly stocked into 40 250 L-aquaria and fed practical diets containing graded levels of vitA (0, 0.06, 0.12, 0.24, 0.48, 0.96, 1.92, 3.84 mg retinol (ROH) kg���1 diet. Growth, haematology, plasma protein profile and immune response were significantly affected by vitA supplementation; however, no clear protective effect of vitA supplementation on disease and cold stress resistance were observed in this study. Clinical signs of vitA deficiency were: resting and abnormal swimming behaviour, exophthalmia, haemorrhages at the base of fins and on skin, serous fluids in abdominal cavity, neutropenia, reduction in red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin evolving to high mortality rates in a short period of time. A dietary level of vitA around 1.2 mg ROH kg���1 may be required to prevent gross deficiency signs and promote proper growth and health status of Nile tilapia. VitA does not seem to have a pronounced effect on leucocyte differentiation, but clearly plays an important role on maintaining normal erythropoiesis.

Diminished CD4+/CD25+T cell and increased IFN-gamma levels occur in dogs vaccinated with Leishmune (R) in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Cell and humoral immunity in endemic pemphigus foliaceus

Foram avaliados dezesseis doentes portadores de p��nfigo foli��ceo end��mico, dez com a forma localizada da doen��a (Grupo G1) e seis com a forma disseminada (Grupo G2), com os objetivos de correlacionar o quadro cl��nico e laboratorial desses pacientes com o perfil imunol��gico dos mesmos, e verificar a rela����o dos t��tulos dos anticorpos antiepiderme circulantes, identificados pela imunofluoresc��ncia indireta, com intensidade da les��o e com a evolu����o das les��es em tratamento. Foram realizados: hemograma completo, quantifica����o de subpopula����o de c��lulas mononucleares por anticorpos monoclonais e estudo da transforma����o bl��stica de linf��citos e quantifica����o de anticorpos circulantes por meio da rea����o de imunofluoresc��ncia indireta. Observou-se leucocitose principalmente no grupo G2, diminui����o dos valores relativos das subpopula����es de linf��citos CD3+ e CD4+ e tend��ncia �� diminui����o dos valores relativos da subpopula����o CD8+ nos doentes (Grupos G1 e G2). Os ��ndices de transforma����o bl��stica de linf��citos frente �� fitohemaglutinina revelaram n��veis mais elevados nos doentes (Grupos G1 + G2), que nos controles. A rea����o de imunofluoresc��ncia indireta foi positiva em 100% dos doentes do grupo G2 e em 80% do grupo G1 A mediana dos valores dos t��tulos foi maior no grupo G2, quando comparado com o grupo G1. A an��lise global dos resultados permite concluir que a imunidade celular est�� preservada, e que existe uma rela����o entre os t��tulos de anticorpos obtidos �� rea����o de imunofluoresc��ncia indireta e extens��o da les��o cut��nea.

Familial cancer: depressed NK-cell cytotoxicity in healthy and cancer affected members

Este estudo se reporta ��s fun����es de c��lulas natural killer (NK), como ades��o, lise e citotoxicidade e de subpopula����es de c��lulas T em uma fam��lia com alta preval��ncia de pacientes com c��ncer e que apresentaram: glioblastoma, leucemia miel��ide cr��nica, osteoblastoma, melanoma e carcinomas g��strico, pancre��tico e c��lon retal. Quinze membros dessa fam��lia foram estudados, sendo 13 sadios, acompanhados por 5 anos e dois com c��ncer: glioblastoma e leucemia miel��ide cr��nica. Duas pessoas sadias, no momento da avalia����o, desenvolveram posteriormente osteoblastoma mandibular ou melanoma maligno. Como controle, foram avaliados 19 indiv��duos saud��veis de faixa et��ria equivalente. A determina����o de linf��citos T CD3+ e de suas subpopula����es CD4+ e CD8+ foi realizada empregando-se anticorpos monoclonais e a atividade citot��xica de c��lulas NK, avaliada pelo teste de single-cell contra c��lulas alvo da linhagem eritroleuc��mica K562. Os resultados mostraram que as percentagens de c��lulas T totais (CD3+), da subpopula����o CD4+ e da rela����o CD4/CD8 foram significativamente menores nos indiv��duos da fam��lia estudada em compara����o aos valores observados no grupo controle. em todos os membros dessa fam��lia a percentagem de forma����o de conjugados entre c��lulas NK-c��lulas alvo foi inferior ao valor m��nimo observado nos controles. Essa altera����o poderia estar relacionada a defeito na express��o de mol��culas de ades��o, presentes na membrana de c��lulas NK, como prov��vel causa das altera����es funcionais dessas c��lulas. A heran��a dos mecanismos determinantes desta defici��ncia pode ser um fator de risco, com valor progn��stico para o desenvolvimento de cancer.

Leukotriene B(4) is essential for selective eosinophil recruitment following allergen challenge of CD4(+) cells in a model of chronic eosinophilic inflammation

Subcutaneous heat-coagulated egg white implants (EWI) induce chronic, intense local eosinophilia in mice, followed by asthma-like responses to airway ovalbumin challenge. Our goal was to define the mechanisms of selective eosinophil accumulation in the EWI model. EWI carriers were challenged i.p. with ovalbumin and the contributions of cellular immunity and inflammatory mediators to the resulting leukocyte accumulation were defined through cell transfer and pharmacological inhibition protocols. Eosinophil recruitment required Major Histocompatibility Complex Class It expression, and was abolished by the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist CP 105.696, the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor BWA4C and the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein inhibitor MK886. Eosinophil recruitment in EWI carriers followed transfer of: a) CD4(+) (but not CD4(-)) cells, harvested from EWI donors and restimulated ex vivo; b) their cell-free supernatants, containing LTB4. Restimulation in the presence of MK886 was ineffective. CC chemokine receptor ligand (CCL)5 and CCL2 were induced by ovalbumin challenge in vivo. mRNA for CCL17 and CCL11 was induced in ovalbumin-restimulated CD4(+) cells ex vivo. MK886 blocked induction of CCL17 Pretreatment of EWI carriers with MK886 eliminated the effectiveness of exogenously administered CCL11, CCL2 and CCL5. In conclusion, chemokine-producing, ovalburnin-restimulated CD4(+) cells initiate eosinophil recruitment which is strictly dependent on LTB4 production. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Prevention of experimental diabetes by Uncaria tomentosa extract: Th2 polarization, regulatory T cell preservation or both?

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC (Rubiaceae) is a species native to the Amazon rainforest and surrounding tropical areas that is endowed with immunomodulatory properties and widely used around the world. In this study we investigated the immunomodulatory potential of Uncaria tomentosa (UT) aqueous-ethanol extract on the progression of immune-mediated diabetes.Materials and methods: C57BL/6 male mice were injected with MLDS (40 mg/kg) and orally treated with UT at 10-400 mg/kg during 21 days. Control groups received MLDS alone or the respective dilution vehicle. Pancreatic mononuclear infiltrate and beta-cell insulin content were analyzed by HE and immunohistochemical staining, respectively, and measured by digital morphometry. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping and cytokine production were determined by flow cytometry analysis.Results: Treating the animals with 50-400 mg/kg of UT caused a significant reduction in the glycemic levels, as well as in the incidence of diabetes. The morphometric analysis of insulitis revealed a clear protective effect. Animals treated with UT at 400 mg/kg presented a higher number of intact islets and a significant inhibition of destructive insulitis. Furthermore, a significant protection against the loss of insulin-secreting presented beta-cells was achieved, as observed by a careful immunohistochemical evaluation. The phenotypic analysis indicated that the groups treated with higher doses (100-400 mg/kg) presented CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell values similar to those observed in healthy animals. These same higher doses also increased the number of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells. Moreover, the extract modulated the production of Th1 and Th2, with increased levels of IL-4 and IL-5.Conclusions: The extract was effective to prevent the progression of immune-mediated diabetes by distinct pathways. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Immunologic aspects of West syndrome and evidence of plasma inhibitory effects on T cell function

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o perfil da defici��ncia imune em um grupo bem definido de epilepsia: crian��as com s��ndrome de West (SW) e seus padr��es EEG de evolu����o, idade-dependentes, como os complexos onda-aguda- onda lenta generalizadas da s��ndrome de Lenox-Gastaut (SLG) e as pontas multifocais independentes (PMI). M��TODO: Um grupo de 50 crian��as, 33 com SW, 10 com SLG, 7 com PMI e 20 crian��as sadias (controle) foram avaliadas em rela����o aos seguintes par��metros:determina����o de subpopula����es de linf��citos T (CD1, CD3, CD4 e CD8), rela����o CD4/CD8 e resposta proliferativa de linf��citos frente a fitohemaglutinina (PHA), na presen��a de plasma aut��logo ou de plasma AB (hom��logo). A prova cut��nea de sensibiliza����o ao Dinitroclorobenzeno (DNCB) foi realizada apenas nos pacientes. Os n��veis s��ricos de IgG, IgA e IgM foram comparados aos valores normais em crian��as Brasileiras, em diferentes faixas et��rias. RESULTADOS: A resposta ao DNCB foi ausente ou fracamente reativa em 76% dos pacientes. N��veis s��ricos elevados de IgG (45,7%) e de IgM (61,4%) e baixos de IgA (23,9%) foram detectados nos pacientes. A determina����o das subpopula����es de linf��citos T em sangue perif��rico mostrou: defici��ncia nas propor����es de c��lulas CD3+ (p<0,05) e de CD4+ (p<0,05), aumento de CD8+ (p<0,01) e diminui����o da rela����o CD4 / CD8 (p<0,001). A propor����o de c��lulas CD1+ no grupo controle manteve-se menor que 3%, enquanto que em 18% dos pacientes esses n��veis variaram entre 3 e 11%. A resposta proliferativa de linf��citos frente a PHA revelou ��ndices blastog��nicos significativamente mais baixos apenas quando c��lulas dos pacientes foram cultivadas na presen��a do pr��prio plasma (plasma aut��logo). Quando estas c��lulas foram cultivadas na presen��a de plasma AB, n��o se evidenciou diferen��a significativa em rela����o ao grupo controle. CONCLUS��O: A imunodefici��ncia na SW caracterizou-se por: anergia, altera����o de imunidade mediada por c��lulas e dos n��veis de imunoglobulinas, presen��a de tim��citos imaturos na circula����o perif��rica e defici��ncia funcional de linf��citos T induzida por fatores plasm��ticos inibidores. Discutem-se as principais evid��ncias de disfun����o imune como imunodefici��ncia e autoimunidade.