Perfil da pós-graduação em ginecologia e obstetrícia no Brasil

Ainda em desenvolvimento e tomando contornos mais sólidos, os programas de pós-graduação (PG) stricto sensu em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (GO) vêm, progressivamente, se aperfeiçoando na formação de recursos humanos na área da Saúde da Mulher. Responsáveis por incrementar o currículo dos médicos com mestrados e doutorados, os cursos inserem, no mercado, profissionais aptos para desenvolver atividades de pesquisa. Nesse contexto de formação, torna-se importante entender que a PG não visa exclusivamente ao aperfeiçoamento em GO, e sim à formação do professor e do pesquisador. Assim, as disciplinas ministradas nos diversos programas devem ter como foco principal a formação do pesquisador e não do médico especialista em GO. Reforçando esta orientação, a maioria dos programas de PG em GO não é voltada apenas para os tocoginecologistas, havendo abertura para todos os profissionais da Saúde interessados em fazer pesquisa na área. Cada vez mais, a geração do conhecimento assume caráter multidisciplinar e exige atividades compatíveis com a formação de um pesquisador, independentemente da especialidade

Raloxifene therapy does not affect uterine blood flow in postmenopausal women: a transvaginal Doppler study

AZEVEDO, George Dantas de et al. Raloxifene therapy does not affect uterine blood flow in postmenopausal women: a transvaginal Doppler study. Maturitas, Amsterdam, v.47, n.3, p.195-200, 2004

Avaliação do ensino da obstretícia e da assistência ao parto sob a percepção dos graduandos em medicina e enfermagem na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

OBJETIVE: To evaluate the perception of Medical and Nursing students of Medicine and Nursing graduation courses at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), on obstetrics teaching and labor assistance in the context of the maternal care provided by the Maternity Hospital Januário Cicco (MEJC) and contribute to curricular updating planning of teaching obstetrics, in accordance with the principles of humanization. METHODS: It was conducted a study of cross-cutting approach and qualitative and quantitative descriptive method, with students in medicine and nursing of UFRN, who were attending or had been attended the midwifery disciplines medicine; and women's health in nursing. The data were collected through a questionnaire with objective and subjective questions, and stored in a database, spreadsheet software Excel / Office 2010 with all the variables. RESULTS: We interviewed 169 students, 118 of medical school and 51 from the nursing program, of which 46.75% were male and 53.25% female. The largest number of medical respondents is the 11th period (40.67%), and nursing, on 10, (43.15%). These students witnessed 1,073 births, and (61.8%) vaginal deliveries. The obstetricians were the most performed vaginal deliveries (40%). Nurses performed only (8.13%). The assistance provided to women during the process of labor and delivery, was configured as suitable for 87.58% of respondents and these glimpsed humane conduct. Students who performed deliveries, 76.27% were medical and 11.76% were nursing. All had guidance while doing them. A total of 19.50% medical students reported that there is a prejudice against vaginal delivery, particularly for the humanized birth, unlike all nursing students (100%) who reported that there is this prejudice. Most students (73%) showed preference for vaginal delivery, especially nursing students. On the knowledge of myths in relation to vaginal delivery, 60.35% answered that they know some. CONCLUSION: This study presents itself as a highly relevant, since the results may contribute to curricular changing and updating related to obstetrics teaching, but also serve as a resource for analysis of humanization practices that should be developed in educational institutions and which are recommended by the Ministry of Health.

Construção e validação do instrumento de investigação do conhecimento de gestantes sobre sua saúde bucal e a do seu bebê: perspectiva do cuidado em saúde

INTRODUCTION: Humanized and quality prenatal and post-partum care is critical to maternal and newborn health, as well as oral health care. Currently, the National Oral Health Policy is aiming at expanding dental care for pregnant women. Thus, the promotion of oral health and attention to prenatal care policies should be integrated; however, there is still limited participation of pregnant women. Thus, it is necessary to verify the knowledge of pregnant women related to oral health, seeking to estimate the quality of dental care provided during prenatal care, being essential for the Family Health strategy to organize personnel, plan costs and to ensure the quality standard of care. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a research instrument on the knowledge of pregnant women about their oral health and of their baby. METHOD: This is a construction and validation study with 93 pregnant women in Family Health Units and specialized private clinics in Obstetrics, in the city of Natal / RN. It was authorized by the Onofre Lopes University Hospital Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) under the registration number 421.163/13. The construction of the instrument followed steps so that it was valid, reliable and sensitive: creation and reduction of the items (drafting of the instrument), content validity and testing of the instrument, and hypotheses validation. Once constructed, the instrument was evaluated by experts who suggested modifications. There was consultation with the target population about the new version of the created instrument, which had the instrument validation verified by internal consistency through intra and inter-calibration and test-retest. Next, the hypotheses were validated. A database was built in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22.0. After creating the hypotheses, an association was found for validating the criteria between each of the specific issues for each established criteria, considering a 5% significance level. Data analysis was carried out by describing the absolute and relative frequencies of the variables pertaining to issues relating to their pregnancy knowledge about their oral health and their baby. The Kappa coefficient was used for the calibration process (Inter and Intra-examiner calibration) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to analyze instrument reproducibility (test-retest). In addition, the chi-square test was used to cross the dependent variable with the (dichotomized) independent variables. RESULTS: The intra and inter agreement analysis presented a Kappa coefficient between 0.400 and 1.000. Internal consistency through the analysis showed that 90% of the instrument's questions showed great reliability in the answers (Cronbach α ˃ 0.7). In the investigation of the relationship between the dependent variable (knowledge about oral health) and the independent variables (trimester of pregnancy, education, income and multiparous), it was found that none of these independent variables were significantly associated. All hypotheses had their Ho confirmed. CONCLUSION: The constructed instrument was validated, considering that it showed to be sensitive with good reliability and good accuracy, and therefore can be used to assess pregnant women’s knowledge about their oral health and the oral health of their baby.

Construção e validação do instrumento de investigação do conhecimento de gestantes sobre sua saúde bucal e a do seu bebê: perspectiva do cuidado em saúde

INTRODUCTION: Humanized and quality prenatal and post-partum care is critical to maternal and newborn health, as well as oral health care. Currently, the National Oral Health Policy is aiming at expanding dental care for pregnant women. Thus, the promotion of oral health and attention to prenatal care policies should be integrated; however, there is still limited participation of pregnant women. Thus, it is necessary to verify the knowledge of pregnant women related to oral health, seeking to estimate the quality of dental care provided during prenatal care, being essential for the Family Health strategy to organize personnel, plan costs and to ensure the quality standard of care. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a research instrument on the knowledge of pregnant women about their oral health and of their baby. METHOD: This is a construction and validation study with 93 pregnant women in Family Health Units and specialized private clinics in Obstetrics, in the city of Natal / RN. It was authorized by the Onofre Lopes University Hospital Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) under the registration number 421.163/13. The construction of the instrument followed steps so that it was valid, reliable and sensitive: creation and reduction of the items (drafting of the instrument), content validity and testing of the instrument, and hypotheses validation. Once constructed, the instrument was evaluated by experts who suggested modifications. There was consultation with the target population about the new version of the created instrument, which had the instrument validation verified by internal consistency through intra and inter-calibration and test-retest. Next, the hypotheses were validated. A database was built in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22.0. After creating the hypotheses, an association was found for validating the criteria between each of the specific issues for each established criteria, considering a 5% significance level. Data analysis was carried out by describing the absolute and relative frequencies of the variables pertaining to issues relating to their pregnancy knowledge about their oral health and their baby. The Kappa coefficient was used for the calibration process (Inter and Intra-examiner calibration) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to analyze instrument reproducibility (test-retest). In addition, the chi-square test was used to cross the dependent variable with the (dichotomized) independent variables. RESULTS: The intra and inter agreement analysis presented a Kappa coefficient between 0.400 and 1.000. Internal consistency through the analysis showed that 90% of the instrument's questions showed great reliability in the answers (Cronbach α ˃ 0.7). In the investigation of the relationship between the dependent variable (knowledge about oral health) and the independent variables (trimester of pregnancy, education, income and multiparous), it was found that none of these independent variables were significantly associated. All hypotheses had their Ho confirmed. CONCLUSION: The constructed instrument was validated, considering that it showed to be sensitive with good reliability and good accuracy, and therefore can be used to assess pregnant women’s knowledge about their oral health and the oral health of their baby.