Determinação de parâmetros de qualidade para formas farmacêuticas homeopáticas

All medicine, whether allopathic or homeopathic, must go through strict quality control, which must ratify their characteristics throughout the period of validity. During the time of preparation and storage, solutions of the drugs are in permanent contact with packaging materials that can release undesirable substances to the solution. Several factors may influence the release of packing materials, and factorial design (FD) is a useful tool for analyzing the phenomenon. The aim of this study was the determination of quality parameters for Homeopathic solid (globules) and liquid (drops) dosage forms. It was carried out analysis in homeopathic globules for weight variation, mechanical strength, and moisture content uniformity. For liquid preparations, standard solutions were prepared from natural rubber bulbs, which were subjected to exhaustive extraction with two ethanol solutions (30 and 70%) in the ultrasonic bath for 20 minutes at 25°C and 50°C in three successive cycles. Studies of transfer have been made within five days, by spectrophotometric analysis in the UV region at 312 nm with λmáx and 323 nm for samples in 70% ethanol and 30% respectively. PH values were analyzed. We also conducted two FD studies, where the first, the three-level variables were solvent (chloroform, ethanol and nhexane), sample mass (30, 60 and 90mg), particle size (large disk, small disk and powder sample). In the second study, the solvent level variables were different ethanolic degrees (EtOH 30%, 70% and pure). The percentage of lending in the solutions was 5.5%, 12.4%, 24.2% and 41% of the total estimated in the reference solution. The values of rate constants of transfer were determined in the order of 0.0134 days-1 and 0.0232 days-1 in absorbance values, the solutions in ethanol at 30% and 70% respectively. These results suggest that the speed of transfer of materials from rubber is affected both by the nature of the vehicle as by the temperature

Aspectos linguístico-ergonômicos em rótulos: avaliação da linguagem verbo-visual de rótulos de embalagens para alimentos achocolatados

We have been living in a world of packed products. The package and the labels support the companies to communicate with the customers in addition to give protection, storage and convenience in proportion to the products that move in the price list. The labels mainly add up a value which helps the companies differ their products and increase the value of the brands among the final customers. However, the information given in the label are not clear sometimes. It displays a verbal-visual defective language resulted from a poor visibility, legibleness and comprehensibleness of the verbal and visual marks. The aim of this research is to verify, according to the costumers‟ view, the level of the clarity in the informative texts, harmony and ergonomic conformity of the package labels in the chocolate powder of the Claralate brand, considering the linguistic aspects presented on the labels. The criteria to evaluate the chocolate package selected were based on the linguistic field: the organization and the structure of the text derided from the classification of the textual genre; the clarity and the comprehension of the language utilized on those labels. From the ergonomic view, the informative and ergonomic conformity, based on the following requirements: legibility, symbols, characters, reading fields and intermission of the written lines. Therefore, the research done july 2007 and added july 2011 had a structured questionnaire in the interview put to the 118 customers of the chocolate package that go shopping in one of the two supermarkets in Floriano, Piauí São Jorge and/or Super Quaresma. The main results of the investigation show that the linguistic aspects in the informative texts of the labels provide the customers‟ expectancy partially, while the consideration of the informative ergonomic analyzed can contribute to the improvement of the information and consequent visual progress of those, on the labels of chocolate package investigated. As recommendation towards the maker of the product, the outcome of the research indicates: harmonize the proportion of the letters and numbers; enlarge the letters size; make the visual information more comprehensive determined by the reading field; put the expiry date in a better visual place

Avaliação dos textos informativos em três embalagens de café

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar uma investigação sobre o nível de clareza dos textos informativos dos rótulos de embalagens de café torrado e moído, considerando os aspectos lingüísticos e ergonômicos presentes nos rótulos do produto. Lingüisticamente analisar se a linguagem utilizada nos rótulos é adequada para a compreensão das informações pelo consumidor, ainda expor como a lingüística preconiza a organização e estruturação dos textos a partir da classificação do gênero textual. Do ponto de vista da ergonomia a pesquisa pretende identificar a conformidade ergonômica presente nas informações dos rótulos das embalagens de café. Devido à evolução das atividades comerciais, a embalagem passou ao longo do tempo a acumular funções, transformando-se em um considerável veículo de comunicação, informação e sedução do seu público consumidor, por isso, a adoção de normas adequadas relativas às informações pode evitar que o consumidor desenvolva conceitos inadequados ou até mesmo empregue erroneamente um produto alimentício em sua dieta. A engenharia de produção considera importante a inserção de melhores práticas de produção e gestão do produto nas empresas, com vistas ao aumento de sua competitividade, compatibilizando as características ergonômicas do produto embalagem, com as necessidades do consumidor enquanto parte integrante do processo de desenvolvimento do produto. A pesquisa propõe, então, um roteiro para avaliação dos rótulos de embalagens, utilizando para isso um questionário com questões fechadas e uma aberta, aplicados em consumidores de café torrado e moído no momento da compra em quatro supermercados de Natal. Os principais resultados da investigação demonstram que os aspectos lingüísticos dos textos informativos foram considerados bons, enquanto os aspectos ergonômicos informacionais analisados podem vir a contribuir para uma melhoria visual das informações contidas nos rótulos das embalagens das marcas de café investigadas