Occupational and non-occupational physical activity and the social determinants of physical activity : results from the Health Survey for England

Background: This article aims to examine the relative contribution of occupational activity to English adults’ meeting of government recommendations for physical activity (PA).

Methods: Data were extracted from a cross-sectional survey of householders in the UK via the Health Survey for England.¹ In total, 14,018 adult participants were included in the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the odds of achieving PA recommendations with and without including occupational activity and to examine the contribution of gender and social and demographic characteristics.

Results: When occupational PA was included, 36% of men and 25% of women were active at the recommended level. Once occupational PA was removed, these proportions were 23% and 19%, respectively. These results were socially patterned, most notably by age and gender.

Conclusions: Occupational PA provides a substantial contribution to those meeting the government target for PA.

Diet, physical activity and obesity statistics

This publication provides statistics on diet, physical activity and obesity as these relate to the incidence and prevalence of CVD.

Coronary heart disease statistics

This is the fourteenth edition of Coronary heart statistics produced by the British Heart Foundation.

It is divided into 13 chapters.

* The first two chapters on mortality and morbidity deal with demographic trends in CHD and related diseases of the circulatory system.
* Following a section on treatment of CHD there are chapters on the main modifiable risk factors for the disease: smoking, an unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, a high alcohol consumption, poor psychosocial wellbeing, raised blood pressure, raised blood cholesterol, obesity and diabetes.
* The final chapter provides information about the economic costs of CHD.

The compendium was published by the British Heart Foundation in May 2006.

Coronary heart disease statistics

This is the fifteenth edition of Coronary Heart Disease Statistics produced by the British Heart Foundation.

It is divided into 13 chapters.

* The first two chapters on mortality and morbidity deal with demographic trends in CHD and related diseases of the circulatory system.
* Following a section on treatment of CHD there are chapters on the main modifiable risk factors for the disease: smoking, an unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, a high alcohol consumption, poor psychosocial wellbeing, raised blood pressure, raised blood cholesterol, obesity and diabetes.
* The final chapter provides information about the economic costs of CHD.

The compendium was published by the British Heart Foundation in July 2007.

Combined joint fusion for index and middle carpometacarpal instability in elite boxers

Isolated instability of the index and middle finger carpometacarpal joints is uncommon. An unpublished injury pattern in a consecutive series of 13 elite boxers is described, with mid-term radiological and functional results of two novel surgical treatments. All the boxers (from Australia and the UK) were unable to compete owing to pain and weakness. Four boxers were managed initially by open reduction and temporary K-wire fixation. Nine boxers underwent primary carpometacarpal arthrodesis. All were able to return to their previous level of competition. One boxer who had undergone a soft tissue reconstruction competed at international level but required an arthrodesis because of recurrent symptoms. In elite boxers, simple reduction and wiring may be appropriate for an acute injury causing index or middle finger carpometacarpal joint instability, however, arthrodesis is the treatment of choice when instability and degenerative changes are present.