Depression, anxiety and metabolic syndrome in farm men and women

This research found that Depression was associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, whilst both Depression and Anxiety are associated with the maintenance of metabolic syndrome in Farm men and women. Future interventions in metabolic syndrome should consider screening for and treating these psychological factors to improve health outcomes.

Developmental origins of obesity and the metabolic syndrome : the role of maternal obesity

Obesity and its sequelae may prove to be the greatest threat to human lifestyle and health in the developed world this century. The so called obesity epidemic has seen the incidence of obesity and overweight almost double in Western societies and the trend is mirrored in nations that are transitioning to first world economies. There is no doubt that much of the rise in obesity can be attributed to lifestyle factors such as the excess consumption of energy-dense foods and the decline in physical activity. However, the ‘fetal origins’hypothesis, first proposed by Barker and colleagues and elaborated by several groups over the past 15 years to be termed the ‘Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease’ (DOHaD), provides an alternative explanation for the rising rates of obesity. The DOHaD hypothesis states that exposure to an unfavourable environment during development (either in utero or in the early postnatal period) programmes changes in fetal or neonatal development such that the individual is then at greater risk of developing adulthood disease. This chapter discusses the effects of maternal obesity on fetal development and birth outcomes as well as the manner in which DOHaD may contribute to the obesity epidemic.

Muscle p70S6K phosphorylation in response to soy and dairy rich meals in middle aged men with metabolic syndrome: a randomised crossover trial

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is the primary regulator of muscle protein synthesis. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by central obesity and insulin resistance; little is known about how MetS affects the sensitivity of the mTOR pathway to feeding.

Paraoxonase (PON)1 Q192R functional genotypes and PON1 Q192R genotype by smoking interactions are risk factors for the metabolic syndrome, but not overweight or obesity

Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex of multiple risk factors that contribute to the onset of cardiovascular disorder, including lowered levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and abdominal obesity. Smoking, mood disorders, and oxidative stress are associated with the MetS. Paraoxonase (PON)1 is an antioxidant bound to HDL, that is under genetic control by functional polymorphisms in the PON1 Q192R coding sequence. Aims and methods This study aimed to delineate the associations of the MetS with plasma PON1 activity, PON1 Q192R genotypes, smoking, and mood disorders (major depression and bipolar disorder), while adjusting for HDL cholesterol, body mass index, age, gender, and sociodemographic data. We measured plasma PON1 activity and serum HDL cholesterol and determined PON1 Q192R genotypes through functional analysis in 335 subjects, consisting of 97 with and 238 without MetS. The severity of nicotine dependence was measured using the Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Scale. Results PON1 Q192R functional genotypes and PON1 Q192R genotypes by smoking interactions were associated with the MetS. The QQ and QR genotypes were protective against MetS while smoking increased metabolic risk in QQ carriers only. There were no significant associations between PON1 Q192R genotypes and smoking by genotype interactions and obesity or overweight, while body mass index significantly increased MetS risk. Smoking and especially severe nicotine dependence are significantly associated with the MetS although these effects were no longer significant after considering the effects of the smoking by PON1 Q192R genotype interaction. The MetS was not associated with mood disorders, major depression or bipolar disorder. Discussion PON1 Q192R genotypes and genotypes by smoking interactions are risk factors for the MetS that together with lowered HDL and increased body mass and age contribute to the MetS.

Evidence for the existence of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) with and without abdominal discomfort (irritable bowel) syndrome.

There is evidence that Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is accompanied by gastro-intestinal symptoms; and IgA and IgM responses directed against lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of commensal bacteria, indicating bacterial translocation.

Typical and atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: A brief case comparison report for nurses

Background: Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is one of the main causes of acute kidney injury in children. It is a multifaceted disease, characterised by microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopaenia. It can often affect multiple organ systems, including the central nervous and renal systems.

Excessive daytime sleepiness and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) has been associated with singular independent symptoms of metabolic syndrome, such as insulin resistance and diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess whether this relationship is sustained among individuals who meet criteria for the whole syndrome.

Impact of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assays on patients presenting to an emergency department with suspected acute coronary syndrome

 Objective: To determine whether introduction of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hscTn-I) assays aff ected management of patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary referral hospital. Design, patients and setting: A retrospective analysis of all patients presenting to the Geelong Hospital ED with suspected ACS from 23 April 2010 to 22 April 2013 -2 years before and 1 year after the changeover to hscTn-I assays on 23 April 2012. Main outcome measures: Hospital admission rates, time spent in the ED, rates of coronary angiography, rates of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABGS), rates of discharge with a diagnosis of ACS, and rates of inhospital mortality. Results: 12 360 consecutive patients presented with suspected ACS during the study period; 1897 were admitted to Geelong Hospital in the 2 years before and 944 in the 1 year after the changeover to hscTn-I assays. Comparing the two patient groups, there was no statistically signifi cant diff erence in allhospital admission rates (95% CI for the diff erence, - 3.1% to 0.3%; P = 0.10) or proportion of patients subsequently discharged with a diagnosis of ACS (95% CI for the diff erence, - 2.3% to 5.4%; P = 0.43). After the changeover, the median time patients spent in the ED was 11.5% shorter (3.85 h v 4.35 h; 95% CI for the diff erence, - 0.59 to - 0.43; P < 0.001) and the proportion of admitted patients undergoing coronary angiography was higher (53.4% v 45.2%; 95% CI for the diff erence, 4.3 to 12.0 percentage points; P < 0.001), but there was no statistically signifi cant rise in the proportion of patients who had invasive treatment (PCI and/or CABGS) (95% CI for the diff erence, - 0.4% to 6.3%; P = 0.08). Inhospital mortality rates from ACS did not change signifi cantly (95% CI for the diff erence, - 1.5% to 0.8%; P = 0.43). Conclusion: The introduction of hscTn-I assays appeared to be associated with more rapid diagnosis, resulting in less time spent in the ED, without a change in hospital admission rates. A higher proportion of patients had coronary angiographies after the changeover, but there was no signifi cant change in rates of invasive treatment or inhospital mortality.