Development of a universal approach to estuarine planning and management, with special reference to Australia

The study develops a universal management framework for estuaries. Based on the identified problems, policy makers' inputs and characteristics of effective management models, the study proposes a universal planning and management framework, which consists of four elements. On the basis of the elements the study outlines a detailed planning and management framework for estuaries.

Reproductive performance and egg and larval quality of the blacklip abalone

The study highlights the interrelationship between physical characteristics of female broodstock with reproductive performance, egg quality and subsequent larval success, and reproductive seasonality of the blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra Leach). Suitable indices for assessing broodstock were developed. Seasonal changes in biochemical compositions in relation to maturation and development was discussed.

The fishery, biology and management of three inland water-bodies, Vietnam

This study was carried out from 1997 to 2004 and its findings have significantly enhanced our understanding on fishery, biology, and management of three inland water bodies in Vietnam. The study also provides insights into development of management guidelines and recommendations for future fisheries development in the research area.

Biology and management of Murray cod reproduction within controlled environments

The emerging Murray cod aquaculture industry is currently restricted by a lack of consistent and year-round production of fingerlings. Biological information and reproductive technologies developed during this research have facilitated the development of indoor, environmentally-controlled breeding practices for this species, thereby enabling Murray cod juveniles to be produced on-demand.

Thai river sprat : biology and management in Sirinthorn Reservoir, Thailand

The Thai river sprat (Clupeichthys aesarnensis) is a short-lived clupeid, which supports an artisanal fishery in a number of reservoirs in the Lower Mekong Basin. This study presents the C. aesarnensis biology, population dynamics and its fishery in Sirinthorn Reservoir, NE Thailand. C. aesarnensis fishery management schemes are also proposed.

Psychological interventions for the prevention and management of lifestyle-related chronic disease

The Australian Government's current health reform agenda provides a timely opportunity to highlight the contribution of health psychology interventions in the prevention and management of chronic diseases associated with lifestyle risk factors. The World Health Organisation (2009) has identified the main risk factors responsible for deaths internationally as high blood pressure (responsible for 13% of deaths), tobacco use (9%), high blood sugar (6%), physical inactivity (6%), overweight and obesity (5%), high cholesterol (5%), unsafe sex (4%) and alcohol use (4%). A number of these factors also increase the risk of major chronic diseases - cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancers. There is now a substantial evidence base for the effectiveness of health improvement interventions based on psychological theory, research and practice and hence they deserve a high level of recognition within systems for funding health. This article presents a summary of a systematic review of the evidence for the effectiveness of health psychology interventions in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases associated with lifestyle risk factors.

Transition to a low carbon footprint : a conceptual model of impacts and management for Australian businesses

Australian businesses will face profound and wide-ranging structural impacts during their transition to a low carbon footprint economy. This paper synthesizes the impacts for the firm during the transition and identifies the crucial impact variables. In doing so, it explores the link between the opportunities and benefits, costs, risks and structural changes and evaluates the challenges in managing the multiple impacts. The paper provides a conceptual model that will assist decision-makers deal with risk management or bottom-line protection issues as well as exploiting the business opportunity the new regulatory environment will produce. The model argues for a holistic corporate governance mechanism, with responsibility and accountability of climate change risk management placed with the board of directors and senior management. The literature review is presented first, followed by the discussion and the model. Future empirical research direction is also presented with the development of a series of propositions for testing.

Exercise performance and V0₂ kinetics during upright and recumbent high-intensity cycling exercise

This study investigated cycling performance and oxygen uptake (VO₂) kinetics between upright and two commonly used recumbent (R) postures, 65ºR and 30ºR. On three occasions, ten young active males performed three bouts of high-intensity constant-load (85% peak workload achieved during a graded test) cycling in one of the three randomly assigned postures (upright, 65ºR or 30ºR). The first bout was performed to fatigue and second and third bouts were limited to 7 min. A subset of seven subjects performed a final constant-load test to failure in the supine posture. Exercise time to failure was not altered when the body inclination was lowered from the upright (13.1 ± 4.5 min) to 65ºR (10.5 ± 2.7 min) and 30ºR (11.5 ± 4.6 min) postures; but it was significantly shorter in the supine posture (5.8 ± 2.1 min) when compared with the three inclined postures. Resulting kinetic parameters from a tri-exponential analysis of breath-by-breath VO₂ data during the first 7 min of exercise were also not different between the three inclined postures. However, inert gas rebreathing analysis of cardiac output revealed a greater cardiac output and stroke volume in both recumbent postures compared with the upright posture at 30 s into the exercise. These data suggest that increased cardiac function may counteract the reduction of hydrostatic pressure from upright ~25 mmHg; to 65ºR ~22 mmHg; and 30ºR ~18 mmHg such that perfusion of active muscle presumably remains largely unchanged, and also therefore, VO₂ kinetics and performance during high-intensity cycling.

Epidemiology and management of Penaeus monodon farms in Andhra Pradesh, India

Disease outbreaks on shrimp farms studied in Andhra Pradesh were caused mainly by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) significantly reducing yield. Shrimp seed was the major source of WSSV but several risk factors were also involved. Implementation of better management practices (BMPs) at farm and farm cluster level through formation of Self-Help Groups could significantly improve crop outcomes in farms.