2 resultados para 616.047

em Dalarna University College Electronic Archive


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Inledning: Kvinnors sexualitet och kroppsuppfattning efter gynekologisk cancer förändras. Som barnmorskor är det viktigt att i tidigt skede medverka till och förebygga de komplikationer som dessa kvinnor drabbas av. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att göra en jämförande, detaljerad beskrivning av attraktion och sexuell lust hos kvinnor som blivit strålbehandlade mot gynekologisk cancer. Metod: En prospektiv kohortstudie med kvantitativ ansats med enkätformulär. Två kohorter har jämförts där 616 kvinnor behandlats för gynekologisk cancer samt 344 kvinnor som inte behandlats. Resultat: Kvinnorna upplever sig mindre attraktiva och att deras partner även tycker det. De hade mindre längtan efter sex och hade sex mer sällan. Flertalet talade inte med någon om sin brist på lust till sex eller om de sexuellt relaterade biverkningarna. De kände sig mindre upphetsade i en sexuell situation där tillfredsställelsen och avspänningen i samband med orgasm förändrats. Kvinnornas välbefinnande påverkades negativt och problem med avföring och gasläckage förekom. Slutsats: Upprepad information och återkoppling före, under och efter behandling mellan kvinnorna och patientansvarig barnmorska/läkare är nödvändigt. Kvinnornas upplevelse av att vara attraktiva, tankar på, längtan och lust efter sex samt ofrivillig gasavgång och avföringsträngningar är de viktigaste faktorerna att belysa för kvinnorna för att kunna förbereda och förebygga komplikationer efter gynekologisk cancer.

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Recent studies have shown that the optical properties of building exterior surfaces are important in terms of energy use and thermal comfort. While the majority of the studies are related to exterior surfaces, the radiation properties of interior surfaces are less thoroughly investigated. Development in the coil-coating industries has now made it possible to allocate different optical properties for both exterior and interior surfaces of steel-clad buildings. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the influence of surface radiation properties with the focus on the thermal emittance of the interior surfaces, the modeling approaches and their consequences in the context of the building energy performance and indoor thermal environment. The study consists of both numerical and experimental investigations. The experimental investigations include parallel field measurements on three similar test cabins with different interior and exterior surface radiation properties in Borlänge, Sweden, and two ice rink arenas with normal and low emissive ceiling in Luleå, Sweden. The numerical methods include comparative simulations by the use of dynamic heat flux models, Building Energy Simulation (BES), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and a coupled model for BES and CFD. Several parametric studies and thermal performance analyses were carried out in combination with the different numerical methods. The parallel field measurements on the test cabins include the air, surface and radiation temperatures and energy use during passive and active (heating and cooling) measurements. Both measurement and comparative simulation results indicate an improvement in the indoor thermal environment when the interior surfaces have low emittance. In the ice rink arenas, surface and radiation temperature measurements indicate a considerable reduction in the ceiling-to-ice radiation by the use of low emittance surfaces, in agreement with a ceiling-toice radiation model using schematic dynamic heat flux calculations. The measurements in the test cabins indicate that the use of low emittance surfaces can increase the vertical indoor air temperature gradients depending on the time of day and outdoor conditions. This is in agreement with the transient CFD simulations having the boundary condition assigned on the exterior surfaces. The sensitivity analyses have been performed under different outdoor conditions and surface thermal radiation properties. The spatially resolved simulations indicate an increase in the air and surface temperature gradients by the use of low emittance coatings. This can allow for lower air temperature at the occupied zone during the summer. The combined effect of interior and exterior reflective coatings in terms of energy use has been investigated by the use of building energy simulation for different climates and internal heat loads. The results indicate possible energy savings by the smart choice of optical properties on interior and exterior surfaces of the building. Overall, it is concluded that the interior reflective coatings can contribute to building energy savings and improvement of the indoor thermal environment. This can be numerically investigated by the choice of appropriate models with respect to the level of detail and computational load. This thesis includes comparative simulations at different levels of detail.