Italian citizenship and the descendants of Italian citizens emigrated in Colombia. Removing a social injustice

Law is often the source of social discriminations, but, at the same time, it can be thekey to delete these social discriminations. The authors try to give an example of thisphenomenon, by analyzing the impact of the Italian citizenship’s rules over the descendantsof the Italian citizens emigrated abroad and, especially, in South America.Indeed, according to the former Italian law, only fathers could transmit iure sanguinisthe citizenship to their children: moreover, women automatically lost theItalian citizenship if they get a foreign citizenship by concluding a marriage witha foreign husband.These rules hardly discriminate the Italian women emigrated abroad and, especially,their descendants who were prevented to get the Italian’s citizenship.These discriminatory rules were finally deleted by the Italian Constitutional Courtin the Seventies and in the Eighties: however, the effects of those rules still persisted,since the decision of the Constitutional Court could not overcome the temporal limit of the entry into force of the Constitution (01.01.1948) and, therefore, could not“cover” the discriminatory facts occurred before that date.Finally in 2009, the Italian Supreme Court, by extending the effects ratione temporisof the decisions of the Constitutional Court, “reopened the doors” of the Italiancitizenship to a huge number of Italian citizenship born from Italian women beforethe 01.01.1948.Therefore, the authors focus on the social impact of this decision for all the potentialItalian citizens living in South America and try to assess its juridical effects overthe Italian law.

Appreciation of humor sense in college students

Appreciation of humor includes several cognitive and social processes. None can say that two communities will laugh at the same jokes and find funny the same humorous content. This study worked differences in humor appreciation of university students and comparisons were made between sex and age of participants. To assess the appreciation of humor was built an instrument with 15 written jokes. This instrument was presented to a total sample of 81 students, divided into 3 groups of different age. Participants had to evaluate two aspects: the playfulness and the difficulty of each stimulus or humorous vignette. The jokes that showed significant differences in jocularity have a particular structure marked for a disqualifying content to men, indicating, as noted the literature, that men have more fun with sexual humor and prefers this kind of jokes as well as content related to aggressive or hostile, while women have more fun with humorous vignettes when the man is the victim and reject more when the victim is a woman. In terms of age and the appreciation of humor, there are differences in the type of situations and social contexts valued in the jokes, involving relationship between situational and social aspects of humor.

Legislación y atención medicalizada al nacimiento en el ejercicio de la maternidad y la paternidad en Cuba

El nacimiento de un hijo o una hija constituye un momento transcendental en la vida personal y familiar, en el que se desarticulan o consolidan aspectos de la feminidad y la masculinidad. Objetivo: desde esta perspectiva se realizó una investigación con el fin de comprender la formacomo influyen la representación de la maternidad, el sistema médico en el que se inserta la atención al parto y las legislaciones relacionadas con la maternidad en la concepción y en el ejercicio de la maternidad y la paternidad durante el embarazo, el parto y el puerperio. Metodología: se utilizaron varias técnicas cualitativas de investigación (entrevistas y observación participante) a mujeres atendidas en tres hospitales de maternidad de La Habana y sus compañeros (esposos legales o consensuales). Resultados: los hallazgos develan roles de género en los cuales la mujeres la cuidadora por excelencia y la responsable de la reproducción y los hombres son relegados de ella; se refuerzan y consolidan institucionalmente desde lo legislado y desde la atención médica al proceso. Paralelo a esto, deja al descubierto la emergencia de una nueva masculinidad mediante la mayor implicación de los hombres en este proceso, de su mayor inserción en el espacio privado y de la exteriorización de sentimientos asociados con el nacimiento de su bebé. Conclusión: surge la necesidad de generar políticas orientadas a desmontar la cultura patriarcal en aras de construir relaciones de pareja más igualitarias y democráticas en la sociedad cubana.