Aspects physionomiques de la végétation halo résistante et halophile du Nord et du Sud de l’Algérie occidentale

On se propose, à travers cette étude de cartographier la végétation halo résistante et halophile de deux zones de l’Algérie occidentale l’une au Nord (région de Hammam Boughrara) et l’autre au Sud (région du Chott El-Gharbi). Une comparaison de ces deux zones d’un point de vue physionomique a été menée, afin de mettre en évidence la diversité phytoécologique de ces peuplements. Les données bioclimatiques montrent que les zones d’étude sont toutes deux caractérisées par une longue période de sécheresse estivale variant de 6 à 7 mois. D’un autre côté, l’approche édaphique montre une texture limono-sableuse à sableuse aussi bien au Nord qu’au Sud. Par contre la salinité est nettement plus accentuée au Sud atteignant 1350 μ.S/cm. La carte physionomique de la végétation de la zone nord fait apparaitre la dominance de formations pures à Tamarix gallica L. (27,13%) ou à Atriplex halimus L. (37,99%), et de formations en mosaïques, où les deux genres se trouvent mêlés (16,87%). Au niveau de la zone sud deux grandes unités physionomiques se distinguent: les groupements à Salsola vermiculata L. (24 %) et les groupements à Lygeum spartum L. (6 %). Les groupements à Artemisia herba– alba Asso. occupent par contre de petites surfaces (2 %) de qualité moyenne à médiocre. Les peuplements à Arthrocnemum glaucum (Del.) Ung. quant à eux, se répartissent tout autour de la daya du Chott El-Gharbi, où la salinité est à son maximum, en constituant un tapis végétal assez dense (1 %).

Geodynamic events reconstructed in the Betic, Maghrebian, and Apennine chains (central-western Tethys)

A synthetic study has been made to identify main tectono-sedimentary and geodynamic events in central-western Tethys. For this, an interdisciplinary analysis has been performed on successions belonging to tectonic units derived from Betic-Maghrebian-southern Apennine “Flysch basin” domain. The stratigraphic records of the internal, external, and mixed successions deposited in lateral basins of different chains show very similar characters, especially regarding: (a) lithostratigraphy and ages; (b) kind and provenance of supplies (immature and supermature petrofacies from internal and external margins, respectively); (c) presence of “mixed successions” (composed of alternating internal and external petrofacies) attesting to clear palaeogeographic relationships between opposite depositional systems; and (d) timing of the deformation. In addition, specific lithofacies reveal correspondence with similar sedimentary events, such as: (1) very thick silicoclastic supply concentrated in restricted time ranges indicating the main deformational phases in the margin/basin systems; (2) levels rich in black-shales, glauconian, siliceous-producers, and volcaniclastic intercalations, widespread in the studied successions and linked to particular events at the Tethyan scale (anoxic periods, starvation-upwelling, acid-intermediate penecontemporaneous volcanic activity, respectively). Tectonic influence has also been recorded by means of unconformities and tectofacies (such as turbidites, slumps, or olisthostromes, etc.), being correlated with the main deformational phases. Similar stratigraphic and tectonic events have also been found in the Calvana unit of Val Marecchia nappe (Ligurides, northern Apennine). Correlations of stratigraphic and tectonic events support the proposal of an evolutionary geodynamic model involving the presence of a “Mesomediterranean microplate” in intermediate position during Africa-Europe convergence. The closure of central-western Tethys occasioned the Betic-Maghrebian-southern Apennine oceanic branch deformation and the birth of perimediterranean chains during middle-late Miocene.

Les débats parlementaires autour du suffrage universel dans la construction de la représentation politique en Espagne et en Argentine: vers une analyse comparée (1860-1870)

This article aims to undertake a preliminary comparative review of the concepts of political representation developed by the Spanish and Argentinean liberalism during the construction of the parliamentary and constitutional regimes in the nineteenth century. The idea of the representative government, as a regulatory mechanism of political participation, is considered in terms of an analysis of the right to vote, of the processes to develop citizenship, and of political modernization. Legislation on the right to vote, born as the political right par excellence during the nineteenth century, gives an excellent guide to these political processes of major scope and depth that characterize the contemporary world. The comparison between the Spanish and Argentinean cases shows that exchanges, transfers of legislative models and cultural movements took place in the birth of the concept of political representation in both countries. This enables us to identify the differences of in each case.