Effects of early compost application on no-till organic soybean

Weed control has always been an important issue in agriculture. With the advent of no-till systems, soil erosion was reduced but herbicide use was increased. Organic no-till systems try to adjust reduced erosion to the no use of herbicides. Nevertheless, this adjustment is limited by the cost of mechanical weed control. This cost may be reduced by improved cultural weed control with cover crops mulches. In this paper we report a study on the application of compost manure on an oats winter cover crop, preceding soybean, instead of on the soybean summer crop. Treatments comprised a control without compost manure, and compost manure doses of 4 and 8 Mg ha-1 applied either on oats in winter or soybean in summer, organized in a randomized block design, with five replications. In summer, plots were split into weed-controlled or not controlled subplots. The timing of application and the manure doses did not affect the oats biomass or the soybean performance. However, in summer, without water stress, the application of manure at 8 Mg ha-1 directly on soybean has reduced weed biomass in this crop.

Growth and nitrogen fixation in soybean treated with doses of composted sewage sludge

The use of sewage sludge is a highly promising practice for the development of sustainable agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate doses of sewage sludge composted with and without Rhizobium inoculation in leaf N content, nodule number, nodule dry weight and plant during flowering. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Department of Soil Science and Natural Resources College of Agricultural Sciences of Botucatu, using as substrate used in vessels of 30 liters a Red Yelow Latosol sandy texture with experimental design adopted was randomized blocks constituted for 10 treatments and five doses of composted sewage sludge (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 t ha(-1)) with or without inoculation Bradyrhizobium japonic with three replications. There was an increase in the number and dry weight of nodules and shoot dry mass of soybeans due to the increase of the dose of sludge up to a dose of 20 t ha(-1) and after this dose there was a decrease of these parameters. At a dose of 10 t ha(-1) sludge compost inoculated seeds showed higher for foliar concentrations of N and number of nodules compared with uninoculated seeds. At a dose of 30 t ha(-1) inoculated seeds were higher compared to uninoculated in all parameters.

Produção de milho adubado residualmente com composto de lodo de esgoto e fosfato de Gafsa

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito residual da adubação com composto de lodo de esgoto e fosfato natural de Gafsa sobre os teores de nutrientes no solo, na planta e na produtividade do milho. O trabalho foi realizado em Cambissolo Háplico. Os tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, corresponderam a 2 doses de fosfato de Gafsa (0 e 90 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e 4 doses de composto de lodo de esgoto (0; 25; 50 e 75 t ha-1, em base seca). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com 3 repetições. Em geral, a produtividade e os teores de nutrientes no solo e na planta no segundo cultivo sucessivo de milho não foram influenciados pela adubação com fosfato natural reativo. Entretanto, a produtividade de milho e os teores de nutrientes no solo e nas folhas de milho aumentaram com a dose de composto de lodo de esgoto ao solo, sendo a dose de 75 Mg ha-1, a de maior efeito residual. A produtividade do milho é menor no segundo cultivo sucessivo em razão do empobrecimento do solo em fósforo e potássio, recomendando-se novas adubações com lodo de esgoto, a cada cultivo realizado.