O fitoplâncton como discriminador ambiental dos reservatórios do Sistema Cantareira (SP)

Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais - Sorocaba

Avifauna em matas ciliares: caracterização visando ações de emergência, mitigação e compensação em caso de derramamento de combustíveis em vias hidroviárias

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A germinação de espécies de Vellozia é afetada pelo fogo do cerrado?

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise histopatológica de fígado de tilápias (Oreochromis Niloticus) expostas ao herbicida 2,4-D comercial

The action of man has led, over the years, major impacts on the environment, especially in aquatic ecosystems, leading to an impairment of water quality, considered one of the essential factors for the maintenance of vital functions and consequently the life of the planet. Among the activities considered a risk for the environment are linked to pollution from many sources and even entire watersheds, whether by industrial waste, sewage, or for substances used in agriculture, such as pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers. The (2,4-D) 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is used worldwide, and the fact that its genotoxicity is proven by several studies and by its long persistence in soil, which enables the leaching and percolation of compounds affecting water bodies, toxicity studies are relevant and justifiable. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of 2,4-D by examining the liver of the fish Oreochromis niloticus exposed to different dilutions. Portions of liver were collected and fixed for histological and histochemical techniques to detect total proteins, polysaccharides and lipids. lipids. Treatment with 2,4-D herbicide apparently did not alter the lipid profiles, the accumulation of polysaccharides, and the presence of total proteins. The 2.5 and 5.0% were lethal to fish. These mortalities are probably of high toxic and cytotoxic potential of 2,4-D herbicide results. Several histopathological changes were found, such as: loss of cytoplasmic integrity, loss of cell limit, nuclear deformation, vacuolated cytoplasm, tissue disorganization and hydropic degeneration. Statistically significant changes were: hydropic degeneration and vacuolated cytoplasm. It is concluded, therefore, that the qualitative morphological analysis is an important method for observing changes in liver toxicology studies. As the O. niloticus species is an efficient biological indicator of water pollution by 2,4-D

Ecologia alimentar de Tatu-Peba, Euphractus sexcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758), na Fazenda Nhumirim, Pantanal da Nhecolância, MS

Studies on feeding ecology are important tools for the understanding of feeding strategies and niche dynamics. Information on the type of food consumed, how, and where it is acquired, enable the elucidation of species behavioral, evolutionary and ecological aspects. The diet study based on fecal material enables a low-cost, informative research and avoids the sacrifice of animals. The general aim of this study is to characterize the diet of Euphractus sexcinctus, the yellow-armadillo, based on fecal samples, to contribute with additional information on their feeding habits. The study was undertaken at the Nhumirim ranch, Pantanal da Nhecolândia, MS, during the months of February and March, 2014. The fecal material was collected during the manual capture of the animals and oven dried at 60°C. The food items found in the feces were sorted using a magnifying glass and separated in the following categories: plant matter, invertebrates and soil. Invertebrates were identified to the order level and the plant matter to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Aiming to evaluate the invertebrate availability in the soil, pitfall traps were installed next to the location where individuals were captured, during the months of April and May. We were able to estimate the frequency with which item was consumed during the studied period, and if there is a relationship between the frequency of consumed invertebrates and their availability environment. Among the analyzed samples, we could observe the frequency of occurrence (FO) of plant matter, invertebrates and soil in all the samples. The main invertebrate orders found in the samples were: Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Hymenoptera, with FO of 100%, 100% and 87,5%, respectively. Seeds were found in 100% of the samples. The FO of the Byrsonima orbignyana was high (62,5%), and evidences the potential of the yellow-armadillos as seed dispersers. The use of other techniques, such as the micro-histological...

Ecologia, consumo e sustentabilidade

O Desenvolvimento Sustentável tem sido pauta de diversos encontros globais que tentam solucionar as crises ambientais que vêm ocorrendo nas últimas décadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as relações entre os impasses identificados na concepção de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e o modelo de desenvolvimento econômico capitalista tal como está configurado pelos princípios do neoliberalismo. Partimos da hipótese da inviabilidade do Desenvolvimento Sustentável em um sistema capitalista neoliberal. Utilizamos como metodologia de análise a cartografia, por meio da qual desenhamos as paisagens emergentes na dinâmica do poder ao indicar os limites do modelo de desenvolvimento econômico. Contrapomos as deficiências do modelo de desenvolvimento econômico com as premissas do que poderiam caracterizar o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Desenvolvemos algumas reflexões acerca da sociedade de consumo e seus impactos na natureza. Apresenta-se as linhas de pensamento ecológico que discutem as maneiras de solucionar os problemas ambientais. Exercícios educacionais podem ser usados para a formação do compromisso de cada sujeito com a construção da comunidade. Refletir apenas nas contradições sociais não resolverá completamente a pressão exercida sobre os recursos naturais. A natureza não pode ser vista como um simples objeto estático que só se realiza a partir do trabalho humano, sua dinâmica deve ser considerada em sua totalidade. A sociedade não pode continuar a desenvolver meios de produção que aumentam a exploração da natureza. Uma nova estrutura social deve ser pensada, indo além das concepções marxistas e naturalistas, que promova justiça social e ambiental