Migración contemporánea mexicana: redes sociales transnacionales y políticas migratorias : la experiencia migratoria de la comunidad de Tunkás, Yucatán en el sur de California

This research explores the impacts of the most recent U.S. economic crisis on the Mexican immigrant labour market, specifically from the town of Tunkás, Yucatan. Based on Bourdieu.’s theory of Capital production, and the transnational theoretical perspective, this study aims to build a conceptual frame for the migrant’s social capital in modern societies. A key element of this analysis is that a pioneer migrant-woman has initiated the tunkaseño social network in Los Angeles and Orange County, California; and has set the route to migrate to North. Finally this analysis presents how U.S. worksite enforcement policy affects the labour market that tunkaseños encounter in Southern California in the midst of a financial crisis. Tunkás, our Mayan community, native from the Southern Mexican state of Yucatan has experienced a constant migration process to California ever since the Bracero Program started. Mayan migrants have acquired new responsibilities, and a hybrid identity as transnational citizens. Yucatecan migration is defined as a contemporary Mexican migration, mostly undocumented, exacerbated during the nineties, in the midst of the Mexican financial crisis from 1994 to 1997. The present work is part of a broader research that discusses the transformation of Mexican migration patterns of different states of Mexico. This project is based on fieldwork in the communities of origin and destination. As well, on the survey results and life stories obtained during 2005-2006, and 2008-2009 by MMFRP1, where I took part in both editions as a researcher...

El estado frente a los retos de la migración en la sociedad globalizada: alternativas de actuación en el marco de las relaciones internacionales

El Objetivo de la presente tesis se dirige a analiza, de qué forma el Estado está respondiendo a los retos que el nuevo fenómeno de la migración internacional le plantea en el marco de una Sociedad Internacional globalizada: presión migratoria, migración irregular, transnacionalidad, feminización...; teniendo en cuenta las posibles alternativas de actuación que el marco de Relaciones Internacionales le ofrece y que principalmente se centra en tres enfoques teóricos: Seguridad, Desarrollo económico, y Derechos humanos. Así mismo, la investigación analiza qué factores son los que determinan la elección del enfoque de actuación concluyendo que no depende esa elección tanto de la propia naturaleza del fenómeno migratorio, sistémica, compleja y transnacional, sino de la valoración que el Estado realice teniendo en cuenta su posición e intereses en la Sociedad Internacional como resultado de la interacción con el resto de posibles actores. En términos generales, las respuestas que el Estado está ofreciendo, predominantemente en el marco del paradigma neorrealista desde una perspectiva de seguridad, no se adecúan a los requerimientos de actuación que plantea el nuevo fenómeno migratorio lo que en la práctica está conduciendo a que la gobernabilidad no sea efectiva. Sin embargo, a corto y medio plazo, no existen perspectivas de cambio de enfoque. Tan solo acontecimientos extraordinarios o una gran demanda de social podrían inducir los citados cambios.

Papel de C3G y p38α en la regulación de la migración, invasión tumoral en carcinoma de colon. Función de fibulina 3

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common cancer type and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the western world. CRC results from the accumulation of both acquired genetic and epigenetic changes that transform normal glandular epithelium into adenocarcinoma (Lao and Grady 2011), affecting several genes such as Apc, K-ras, dcc/Smad4 and p53 or DNA mismatch repair genes (Pancione et al. 2012). p38 MAPKs are a subfamily of Serine-Threonine kinases activated by different stimuli that control fundamental cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis (Dhillon et al. 2007, Nebreda and Porras 2000, Wagner and Nebreda 2009). There are four p38 MAPKs isoforms in mammals: α, β, δ and γ. p38α MAPK is ubiquitously expressed and is the most abundant isoform (Cuenda and Rousseau 2007). p38α is involved in the regulation of many cellular functions, among them, cell migration and invasion. In cancer, it can act as either a promoter or a suppressor of tumor growth, playing different roles during tumor progression (del Barco Barrantes and Nebreda 2012). C3G is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) mainly for the Ras family members: Rap1 (Gotoh et al. 1995) and R-Ras (Gotoh et al. 1997), but it can also act through GEF independent mechanisms. C3G regulates several cellular functions such as cell death, adhesion, migration and invasion (Radha et al. 2011). In collaboration with Dr. Carmen Guerrero’s group (Centro del Investigación del Cáncer de Salamanca), our group has found a new functional relationship between C3G and p38α MAPK involved in the regulation of cell death in MEFs (Gutierrez-Uzquiza et al. 2010) and in the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cell line (Maia et al. 2009). Moreover, C3G and p38α act through a common regulatory pathway to control cell adhesion in K562 cells regulating focal adhesion proteins (Maia et al. 2013)...