2 resultados para genetic variants

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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基因型变异和表型变异的相互关系问题是尚未解决的生物学基本问题之一,而解决这个问题的一个有效方法是研究基因组中功能相关基因的分子进化和表型效应的相互关系。在本研究中我们利用圆叶牵牛花青素代谢途径(该途径合成了与花色形成有关的色素)来研究表型变异和基因型变异的进化关系,希望探讨两个问题:1、代谢途径上基因多态性在不同位点的表现程度如何? 2、在中国种群中传粉者对花色有无选择? 在对第一个问题的研究中调查了中国圆叶牵牛花青素代谢途径部分结构基因和调控基因的多态性。所研究的结构基因为途径的第一个关键酶基因CHS-D基因和较下游的ANS基因、UF3GT基因,以及调控基因W位点。其次是在温室中进行人工自交以获得所研究基因的纯合体。在对第二个问题的研究中,首先调查了野外圆叶牵牛不同花色的传粉者和传粉几率,其次是分析有色花个体与白花个体中的遗传变异程度。目前的研究结果表明CHS-D位点有3个等位基因,其中在中国的西南部地区发现了1个新的、在已报道的7个等位基因以外的等位基因;较下游的结构酶基因ANS位点存在有5个等位基因(在中国新发现3个等位基因);UF3GT位点目前只发现有2个已报道的等位基因。在中国的圆叶牵牛中,新发现调控基因W位点上一个有功能的等位基因Ipmyb2,它与已报道的等位基因Ipmyb1的差异主要存在于内含子部分,而与发生缺失(1个6bp的缺失和1个19bp的缺失)后无功能的等位基因ipmyb2(该基因造成白花)存在外显子部分的8个碱基的差异。野外传粉观察结果表明,白花个体与有色花个体受到传粉者介导的选择,传粉者偏爱有色花而歧视白花,而且与在美洲不同,在中国圆叶牵牛的主要授粉者为蛾类而不是蜂类,从野外观察统计的结果看蛾类的传粉效率要高于蜂类。以上结果表明:1)花青素代谢途径上酶基因的位点均有一定程度的多态,其中尤以ANS为最高;调控基因ipmyb2的核苷酸缺失造成该基因停止功能,使其纯合子的个体开白色花。2)授粉者所介导的花色表型选择确实在中国种群中发生,有可能进一步增加花色代谢途径上基因位点的遗传变异。

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DNA diagnosis is experiencing an impressive progression towards the development of novel technology to identity various clinically relevant categories of genetic changes and to meet the exponential growth of genomics. The introduction of capillary electrophoresis has dramatically accelerated the completion of the first draft of the human DNA sequence in the Human Genome Project, and thus, has become the method of choice for analysis of various genetic variants. The recent development of microfabricated electrophoretic devices has led to the possibility of integrating multiple sample handling with the actual measurement steps required for automation of molecular diagnostics. This review highlights the most recent progress in capillary electrophoresis and electrophoretic microdevices for DNA-based diagnostics, including the important areas of genotyping for point mutation, single nucleotide polymorphisms, short tandem repeats and organism identification. The application of these techniques for infectious and genetic disease diagnosis, as well as forensic identification purpose, are covered. The promising development and the challenges for techinical problems are also discussed.