2 resultados para MATA ATLANTICA

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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南北纬四十度之间的山区在冰期时为很多植物提供了避难所,因而受到生物地理学研究者的广泛关注。地中海地区和青藏高原(东南部)均是全球生物多样性热点地区,很多生物类群间断分布于这两个地区,研究这种间断分布格局的形成过程具有重要理论意义。雪松属(Cedrus)含有四个关系密切的种,间断分布于地中海地区和喜马拉雅西部。在本研究中,我们从父性遗传的叶绿体和母性遗传的线粒体基因组中选取了八个DNA片段,通过序列分析重建雪松属所有物种的系统发育关系,并探讨该属生物地理格局的形成过程。主要研究结果如下: 所有分析的DNA片段中均未发现种内变异。5个叶绿体片段的合并分析、3个线粒体片段的合并分析以及所有8个细胞质DNA片段的联合分析均只得到一棵最简约树,而且不同分析得到的树图结构高度一致。雪松属分为喜马拉雅(C. deodara)和地中海两支;在地中海雪松支系中,北非雪松(C. atlantica)构成一个亚支,地中海东部的黎巴嫩雪松(C. libani)和塞浦路斯雪松(C. brevifolia)形成另一亚支,两个亚支间为姐妹群关系,并已发生较大的遗传分化。该结果与细胞和生化等研究结果一致。 雪松属的可靠化石发现于哈萨克斯坦西部的渐新世地层、欧洲西南部的中新世地层、欧洲东南部的上新世地层以及撒哈拉的早更新世地层,这种化石分布暗示雪松属可能是在欧亚大陆的高纬度地区起源的。自第三纪开始,全球由广泛的高温气候演变为具有大面积陆地冰盖的寒冷气候,这种气候变化促进了生物群的演替和分化。我们对雪松属的系统发育研究表明:该属植物可能在欧亚大陆高纬度地区起源后,因气候变冷而南迁,并通过隔离分化形成环地中海-喜马拉雅间断分布格局。结合青藏高原和地中海地区的气候和地质历史,我们推测雪松属在中新世以后才分布到喜马拉雅地区,并很可能在第三纪末才迁移到北非。

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A basic understanding of abundance and diversity of antibiotic-resistant microbes and their genetic determinants is necessary for finding a way to prevent and control the spread of antibiotic resistance. For this purpose, chloramphenicol and multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria were screened from a mariculture farm in northern China. Both sea cucumber and sea urchin rearing ponds were populated with abundant antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially marine vibrios. Sixty-five percent chloramphenicol-resistant isolates from sea cucumber harbored a cat gene, either cat IV or cat II, whereas 35% sea urchin isolates harbored a cat gene, actually cat II. The predominant resistance determinant cat IV gene mainly occurred in isolates related to Vibrio tasmaniensis or Pseudoalteromonas atlantica, and the cat II gene mainly occurred in Vibrio splendidus-like isolates. All the cat-positive isolates also harbored one or two of the tet genes, tet(D), tet(B), or tet(A). As no chloramphenicol-related antibiotic was ever used, coselection of the cat genes by other antibiotics, especially oxytetracycline, might be the cause of the high incidence of cat genes in the mariculture farm studied.