Sub-nanosecond silicon-on-insulator optical micro-ring switch with low crosstalk

We demonstrate a sub-nanosecond electro-optical switch with low crosstalk in a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) dual-coupled micro-ring embedded with p-i-n diodes. A crosstalk of -23 dB is obtained in the 20-mu m-radius micro-ring with the well-designing asymmetric dual-coupling structure. By optimizations of the doping profiles and the fabrication processes, the sub-nanosecond switch-on/off time of < 400 ps is finally realized under an electrical pre-emphasized driving signal. This compact and fast-response micro-ring switch, which can be fabricated by complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible technologies, have enormous potential in optical interconnects of multicore networks-on-chip.

Sub-nanosecond optical switch based on silicon racetrack resonator

We experimentally demonstrate a small-size and high-speed silicon optical switch based on the free carrier plasma dispersion in silicon. Using an embedded racetrack resonator with a quality factor of 7400, the optical switch shows an extinction ratio exceeding 13 dB with a footprint of only 2.2 x 10(-3) mm(2). Moreover, a novel pre-emphasis technique is introduced to improve the optical response performance and the rise and the fall times are reduced down to 0.24 ns and 0.42 ns respectively, which are 25% and 44% lower than those without the pre-emphasis.

Numerical study of sub-wavelength plasmonic waveguide

The authors present an analysis of a plasmonic waveguide, simulated using a two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain technique. With the surface structures located on the surface of the metal, the device is able to confine and guide light waves in a sub-wavelength scale. And two waveguides can be placed within 150 nm (similar to 6% of the incident wavelength) that will helpful for the optoelectronic integration. Within the 20 mu m simulation region, it is found that the intensity of the guided light at the interface is roughly two to four times the peak intensity of the incident light, and the propagation length can reach approximately 40 Pm at the wavelength of 2.44 mu m. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Time-resolved photoluminescence of sub-monolayer InGaAs/GaAs quantum-dot-quantum-well heterostructures

Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) of sub-monolayer (SML) InGaAs/GaAs quantum-dot-quantum-well heterostructures was measured at 5 K for the first time. The radiative lifetime of SML quantum dots (QDs) increases from 500 ps to 800 ps with the increase of the size of QDs, which is related to the small confinement energy of the excitons inside SML QDs and the exciton transfer from smaller QDs to larger ones through tunneling. The rise time of quantum-dot state PL signal strongly depends on the excitation power density. At low excitation power density, the rise time is about 35 ps, the mechanism of carrier capture is dominated by the emission of longitudinal-optical phonons. At high excitation power density, the rise time decreases as the excitation density increases, and Auger process plays an important role in the carrier capture. These results are very useful for understanding the working properties of sub-monolayer quantum-dot devices.

Detect the sub-wavelength data by applying a very-small-aperture laser

We present a theoretical and experimental research about applying a very-small-aperture laser (VSAL) to detect sub-wavelength data. Near-field distribution of a VSAL, which is essential for the application of such near-field devices, will be affected by the sample or fiber posited in the near-field region of the aperture. When the device is applied to detect the sub-wavelength data, the real resolution depends on the near-field spot size, the divergent angle of the beam and the distance from the aperture to the sample. Experimental results, including the near-field detection of the spot and detection of the sub-wavelength data by using the VSAL, are presented in this paper. We realize the two dimensional scanning about the sub-wavelength data (with the width 600 nm) by employing a VSAL with a 300 nm x 300 nm aperture.

Neuro-Stimulus Chip with Photodiodes Array for Sub-retinal Implants

A prototype neuro-stimulus chip for sub-retinal implants in blind patients affected by Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) or Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is presented in this paper. This retinal prosthetic chip was designed to replace the degenerated photoreceptor cells, and in order to stimulate directly the remaining healthy layers of retinal neurons. The current stimulus circuits are monolithic integrated with photodiodes (PD) array, which can convert the illumination on the eyes into bi-phasic electrical pulses. In addition, a novel charge cancellation circuit is used to discharge the electrodes for medical safty. The prototype chip is designed and fabricated in HJTC 0.18 mu m N-well CMOS 1P6M Mix-signal process, with a +/- 2.5 V dual voltage power supply.

An algorithm of analysis tools on points distribution in high dimension space: The distance of a point and an infinite sub-space

This paper discusses the algorithm on the distance from a point and an infinite sub-space in high dimensional space With the development of Information Geometry([1]), the analysis tools of points distribution in high dimension space, as a measure of calculability, draw more attention of experts of pattern recognition. By the assistance of these tools, Geometrical properties of sets of samples in high-dimensional structures are studied, under guidance of the established properties and theorems in high-dimensional geometry.

Sub-wavelength beam lasers with surface plasmon structures

The simulation of a plasmonic very-small-aperture laser is demonstrated in this paper. It is an integration of the surface plasmon structure and very-small-aperture laser (VSAL). The numerical results demonstrate that the transmission field can be confined to a spot with subwavelength width in the far field (3.5 mu m far from the emitting surface), and the output power density can be enhanced over 30 times of the normal VSAL. Such a device can be useful in the application of a high resolution far-field scanning optical microscope.

Gas-bearing fluid influx sub-system for gas hydrate geological system in Shenhu Area, Northern South China Sea

Based on the comprehensive interpretation and study of the Neogene fracture system and diapiric structure, it can be concluded that the diapiric structures, high-angle fractures and vertical fissure system are the main gas-bearing fluid influx sub-system for gas hydrate geological system in Shenhu Area, northern South China Sea. The Neogene fractures widely developed in the study area may be classed into two groups: NW (NNW)-trending and NE (NNE)-trending. The first group was active in the Late Miocene, while the second one was active since the Pliocene. The NE (NNE)-trending fractures were characterized by lower activity strength and larger scale, and cut through the sediment layers deposited since the Pliocene. Within the top sediment layers, the high-angle fracture and vertical fissure system was developed. The diapiric structures display various types such as a turtle-back-like arch, weak piercing, gas chimney, and fracture (or crack, fissure). On the seismic profile, some diapiric structures show the vertical chimney pathway whose top is narrow and the bottom is wide, where some ones extend horizontally into pocket or flower-shaped structures and formed the seismic reflection chaotic zones. Within the overlying sediment layers of the diapiric structure, the tree branch, flower-shaped high-angle fractures and vertical fissures were developed and became the pathway and migration system of the gas-bearing fluid influx. In the study area, the diapiric structures indicate a high temperature/over pressure system ever developed. Closely associated and abundant bright-spots show the methane-bearing fluid influx migrated vertically or horizontally through the diapiric structures, high-angle fractures and vertical fissures. In the place where the temperature and pressure conditions were favor for the formation of gas hydrate, the hydrate reservoir deposition sub-system was developed.

Pulse-front matched ultra-broadband optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier for sub-12 fs pulse generation

We propose a LBO-based ultra-broadband chirped pulse optical parametric amplifier employing pulse-front-matching to yield transform-limited sub-12-fs pulses. Measurement of the maximum possible gain bandwidth for the LBO-based OPCPA demonstrates more than 60nm gain bandwidth FWHM. For the generation of TL pulses by the use of this OPCPA, a suitable combination of OPCPA and PFM is first presented. The PFM pump geometry realizes tilt-free signal amplification, and permits this OPCPA to generate TL sub-12-fs pulses.

Pub/Sub系统中分布式复合事件检测技术研究

随着信息技术的发展，Pub/Sub系统由于具有异步和松耦合的特点，被越来越广泛的应用到金融、供应链管理、物流等领域。在这些应用中，用户对具有各种特定逻辑或时序关系的复合事件的订阅需求越来越迫切，这使得Pub/Sub系统中的分布式复合事件检测技术成为研究的热点，分布式复合事件检测技术包括复合订阅语言、复合匹配算法、以及订阅和事件的路由算法。 目前已有的Pub/Sub系统提供的复合订阅语言比较简单，对时序支持较弱，不能满足实际应用的需要，已有的复合匹配算法也不能有效的支持具有丰富时序关系的复合事件的检测。在路由方面，基于内容的Pub/Sub系统大都是在树结构或者无环图结构的覆盖网络上，采用基于过滤的原子路由方法，该路由方法需要将原子订阅传遍几乎整个网络，以减少订阅匹配的延迟，但这种路由方法很难适应网络的拓扑变化。而目前基于事件空间划分的路由方法不支持事件空间的动态划分和事件空间在不同服务器之间的移动，并且没有提供专门针对事件空间划分的复合事件检测方法。 本文在调研了各种应用需求的基础上，提出了能够表达事件丰富的时序关系、逻辑关系和事件实例关系的复合订阅语言，并且定义了两种事件排序方式。在消费语义采用配对模式的情况下，给出了该语言在两种事件排序方式下的检测结果集的定义。针对该复合订阅语言提出并实现了图结构和时间事件发生器相结合的复合匹配算法，该匹配算法使图结构可以有效的支持时序关系和非触发式事件的检测。在路由方面，首先实现了基于过滤的逆向路径转发的原子路由方法，并在此基础上，实现了就近检测协议，该协议优化了复合订阅匹配结构在网络中的部署。最后，设计和实现了基于事件空间划分的原子路由方法，该路由方法实现了事件空间的动态划分，并可以根据系统中服务器的负载情况实现事件空间的移动，从而有效的平衡服务器的负载。在此基础上，通过对复合订阅的拆分，并利用可移动的复合事件检测器实现了复合订阅的分布式部署和复合事件的分布式检测，同时通过对复合事件检测器的复用，进一步减少了网络负载和服务器的匹配负载。本文还通过实验验证了匹配算法和两种路由方法的性能和开销。