17 resultados para stem cell


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The ovary of triploid shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis was apparently impaired compared to that of the diploid shrimp at the same age. Therefore triploid shrimp ovary is possible to be taken as a model to understand the mechanism of ovary development of shrimp compared to that of the ovary of diploid shrimp at the same age. In the present study, a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique was applied to identify differentially expressed genes in the ovary between diploid and triploid shrimp. For the forward library (RNA from the ovary of triploid shrimp as the tester), 54 genes were identified. For the reverse library (RNA from the ovary of diploid shrimp as the tester), 16 genes were identified. The identified genes encoded proteins with multiple functions, including extracellular matrix components, cytoskeleton, cell growth and death, metabolism, genetic information processing, signal transduction/transport or immunity related proteins. Eleven differentially expressed genes were selected to be confirmed in the ovaries of triploid and diploid shrimp by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Genes encoding spermatogonial stem-cell renewal factor, cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II, clottable protein, antimicrobial peptide and transposase showed up-regulated expressions in the ovary of triploid shrimp. Genes encoding tubulin, cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein, farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase, thrombospondin and heat shock protein 90 genes showed higher expressions in the ovary of diploid shrimp. The differential expressions of the above genes are suggested to be related to the ovary development of shrimp. It will provide a new clue to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the ovarian development in penaeid shrimp. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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三倍体培育是水产动物遗传改良的重要途径之一,它在提高养殖产量、改良品质方面发挥着重要作用。对虾三倍体在性腺发育和性别比率方面与二倍体之间存在明显差异。本论文对三倍体性腺发育的分子机理进行了初步探讨,为阐明甲壳动物的性腺发育和性别控制机理提供重要依据。本论文取得的主要进展如下: 利用联会复合体的分析技术,比较分析了雄性二倍体和三倍体中精母细胞的减数分裂行为。二倍体对虾具有典型的真核生物联会复合体的形态,联会复合体在二价体联会处沿同源染色体长轴分布;未见明显的异型性别染色体;三倍体对虾精母细胞的联会行为复杂,可见二价体、单价体、非同源联会的三价体、同源转换和同源区完全配对的双联会复合体等不同形态;三倍体对虾在晚粗线期普遍表现为三价体同源区完全配对的双联会复合体形态,这种联会行为可能是导致其产生 3n 倍性精子的关键原因。 利用抑制性消减杂交技术,建立了对虾二倍体和三倍体卵巢间的2个消减文库;在正向消减文库(以三倍体卵巢作为实验组,二倍体卵巢作为驱动组)中,鉴定到54个基因;在反向消减文库(以二倍体卵巢为实验组,三倍体卵巢为驱动组)中,鉴定到16个基因;选取11个差异表达的基因,利用半定量RT-PCR的方法对其在二倍体和三倍体卵巢间的表达进行了检测,均能很好地与消减结果相吻合;这些差异基因编码多种功能的蛋白,分析表明染色体的三倍化使三倍体卵巢中的基因调控网络受到了影响;为深入揭示维持卵巢正常发育的关键分子调控事件奠定了基础。 为进一步分析特定基因对对虾性腺发育的调控机制,选取了在对虾三倍体和二倍体卵巢中差异表达显著的 3 个不同基因,PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen)、CAS/CSE1 (cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein/chromosome segregation 1)和 SSRF (spermatogonial stem-cell renewal factor),进行了相关研究分析,为深入探讨特定基因对对虾性腺发育的调控机制以及三倍体中的基因表达调控机制奠定了基础; 中国明对虾PCNA基因在增殖旺盛的性腺组织及造血组织中表达量最高;在二倍体卵巢中的表达水平显著高于三倍体卵巢;在不同病原刺激下的造血组织中的表达模式不同,与对虾对抗不同病原刺激的免疫反应相关;PCNA在序列上的高度保守性,提示了其功能的保守性;利用PCNA基因可以指示细胞的增殖活性的特点,将辅助我们在对虾发育生物学和二倍体、三倍体对虾比较发育生物学的研究; 中国明对虾CAS/CSE1基因在二倍体卵巢中高表达;在卵母细胞中,其mRNA大量分布于细胞质及细胞核周围;是早期胚胎发育的母源性因子;在其氨基酸序列的N端具有importin-β 家族蛋白的保守结构,提示其可能通过参与核质运输在发育过程中发挥重要作用;利用原核表达系统成功地对其进行了体外重组表达,为进一步在蛋白水平上的功能研究提供了条件; 中国明对虾SSRF(暂时命名)基因在三倍体卵巢中高表达;在正常二倍体对虾的神经组织中表达量最高,提示该基因在神经发育中可能发挥重要作用;在氨基酸序列上与胸苷磷酸化酶(TP)具有最高的相似性;利用原核表达系统成功地对其进行了体外重组表达,为进一步在蛋白水平上的功能研究奠定了基础;对对虾SSRF活性蛋白的酶活及功能验证亟待进行。