Intense laser beam guiding in self-induced electron cavitation channel in underdense plasmas

In underdense plasmas, the transverse ponderomotive force of an intense laser beam with Gaussian transverse profile expels electrons radially, and it can lead to an electron cavitation. An improved cavitation model with charge conservation constraint is applied to the determination of the width of the electron cavity. The envelope equation for laser spot size derived by using source-dependent expansion method is extended to including the electron cavity. The condition for self-guiding is given and illuminated by an effective potential for the laser spot size. The effects of the laser power, plasma density and energy dissipation on the self-guiding condition are discussed.

Effects of coherence on anisotropic electromagnetic Gaussian-Schell model beams on propagation

An analytical formula for the cross-spectral density matrix of the electric field of anisotropic electromagnetic Gaussian-Schell model beams propagating in free space is derived by using a tensor method. The effects of coherence on those beams are studied. It is shown that two anisotropic stochastic electromagnetic beams that propagate from the source plane z = 0 into the half-space z > 0 may have different beam shapes (i.e., spectral density) and states of polarization in the half-space, even though they have the same beam shape and states of polarization in the source plane. This fact is due to a difference in the coherence properties of the field in the source plane. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America.

相干模表示的部分相干高斯谢尔光束的相位空间积

与传统的相干激光光束的评价不同, 对部分相干光束质量进行评价时, 不仅要反映其远场发散特性, 而且还要能体现光源本身的部分相干性。根据部分相干光的相干模表示法, 推导了由部分相干光源所产生光束的相位空间积Q。与前人在相干光源情形下得到的结论相比, 得出的相位空简积Q不仅包含各个全相干模基元线性组合的贡献, 而且还有来自不同的全相干模基元之间相互作用的贡献。

The far-field spatial coherence of Gaussian Schell-model beam in turbulence in terms of position vectors

Spatial coherence properties of beam produced by Gaussian Schell-model source when the beam is propagating through atmosphere have been analyzed in terms of position vectors. New expressions for cross-spectral density of optical field and spectral degree of coherence as well as radiant intensity have been developed. Numerical results illustrated in this paper indicate the coherence degradation suffered from atmospheric turbulence and their directional dependence. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

一种制作掺Yb相移光纤光栅激光器的实验方案

采用遮挡法引入相移制作了掺Yb相移光纤光栅(PS-FBG)。在制作光栅的过程中,将其作为激光器的谐振腔,通过监测激光器的输出功率来确定相移大小。当激光器的输出功率开始下降时,停止曝光,此时引入的相移为π/2。为了使光栅的特性尽快稳定下来需要对光栅进行退火,这将导致引入的相移小于π/2。为了弥补退火过程中引起的相移降低,需要对退火后的光栅进行二次曝光,以使光栅的相移恢复π/2。利用该方法制作了一只光纤光栅激光器。当抽运功率为100 mW时,获得了25 mW的输出功率,信噪比(SNR)为60 dB。在1 h内

展宽器中非对称光谱剪切对输出脉冲对比度的影响

在展宽器中,光谱的剪切情况非常重要,它直接影响输出脉冲的质量。以ffner展宽器为例,参照以往建立的光线追迹模型,建立了分析展宽器中光谱剪切的模型。发现当展宽器的参数确定好后,光栅放置的位置对激光脉冲光谱剪切有非常重要的影响。当光栅相对于光轴中心对称放置时,展宽器容许通过的光谱相对于激光中心波长将是非对称分布的,即此时在展宽器中发生的光谱剪切为非对称光谱剪切,在神光II第9路拍瓦激光装置中,这种非对称光谱剪切将使输出脉冲对比度下降一个数量级。为了使展宽器中通过的光谱相对于激光中心波长对称分布,需要将光栅相对于光轴非中心对称放置。

激光稳频的共焦法布里-珀罗干涉仪

针对多普勒激光雷达激光源短期频率漂移低于1 MHz的要求,设计了一种共焦干涉仪作为频率标准进行稳频。通过对三种不同材料制成的共焦法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Perot)干涉仪中心频率随温度漂移情况进行分析对比,选用零膨胀微晶玻璃材料制作共焦法布里-珀罗干涉仪,腔镜和隔离器通过光胶的方式进行组合,并且置于温控精度优于0.01 K的双层密封温控箱中。经过实验测量,共焦法布里-珀罗干涉仪的自由光谱范围为370 MHz,透射谱半峰全宽(FWHM)为1.7 MHz,精细度为220。采用该共焦干涉仪进行稳频,理论稳频精度可达0.15 MHz,满足激光多普勒雷达单频激光源的稳频要求。

新一代大功率固体板条激光器的技术进展

介绍了固体板条激光器为了获得大功率和高光束质量而采用的新技术, 阐述了新一代大功率固体板条激光器的最新进展, 分析了新一代大功率固体板条激光器的技术特点, 并对其应用前景进行了展望。

Beam conditions for radiation generated by an electromagnetic J 0-correlated Schell-model source

Based on the 2 x 2 (electric field) cross-spectral density matrix, a model for an electromagnetic J(0)-correlated Schell-model beam is given that is a generalization of the scalar J(0)-correlated Schell-model beam. The conditions that the matrix for the source to generate an electromagnetic J(0)-correlated Schell-model beam are obtained. The condition for the source to generate a scalar J(0)-correlated Schell-model beam can be considered as a special case. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America

EEG activities in the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the development of morphine dependence, tolerance and withdrawal in rhesus monkeys

Investigating the activities of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the process of addiction is valuable for understanding the neural mechanism underlying the impairments of the PFC after drug abuse. However, limited data are obtained from primate animals and few studies analyze Electroencephalogram (EEG) in the gamma band, which plays an important role in cognitive functions. In addition, it is yet unclear whether drug abuse affects the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) - the two most important subregions of the PFC - in similar ways or not. The aim of this study is to address these issues. We recorded EEG in the OFC and DLPFC in three rhesus monkeys. All animals received a course of saline (NaCl 0.9%, 2 ml) injection (5 days) followed by 10 days of morphine injection (every 12 h), and then a further series of saline injection (7 days). A main finding in the present study was that morphine decreased EEG power in all frequency bands in a short period after injection in both the OFC and DLPFC in monkeys. And gamma power decreased not just in short period after morphine injection but lasted to 12 h after injection. Moreover, we found that although the changes in EEG activities in the OFC and DLPFC at 30-35 min after injection were similar, the DLPFC was more sensitive to the effect of morphine than the OFC. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

High performance 1689-nm quantum well diode lasers

1689-nm diode lasers used in medical apparatus have been fabricated and characterized. The lasers had pnpn InP current confinement structure, and the active region consisted of 5 pairs of InGaAs quantum wells and InGaAsP barriers. Stripe width and cavity length of the laser were 1.8 and 300 pm, respectively. After being cavity coated. and transistor outline (TO) packaged, the lasers showed high performance in practice. The threshold current was about 13 +/- 4 mA, the operation current and the lasing spectrum were about 58 6 mA and 1689 +/- 6 nm at 6-mW output power, respectively. Moreover, the maximum output power of the lasers was above 20 mW.

Passive Q-switched mode locking of double-clading Yb : fiber laser with ion-implanted GaAs

We report the technique of the ion-implanted semi-insulating GaAs wafer used for passive Q-switched mode locking in double-cladding Yb:fiber laser. The wafer was implanted with 400-keV energy, 10(16)/cm(2) dose As+ ions, and was annealed at 600degreesC for 20 min. At the pump power of 5W, we achieved output power of 200mW. The repetition rate of envelope of Q-switched mode locking is 50-kHz with a FWHM envelope of 4mus. The repetition rate of mode locked pulse train was found to be 15-MHz. This is the first report of such a kind of laser to the best of our knowledge.

Photon-assisted Fano resonance and corresponding shot noise in a quantum dot

We have studied the Fano resonance in photon-assisted transport through a quantum dot. Both the coherent current and the spectral density of shot noise have been calculated. It is predicted that the shape of the Fano profile will also appear in satellite peaks. It is found that the variations of Fano profiles with the strengths of nonresonant transmissions are not synchronous in absorption and emission sidebands. The effect of interference on photon-assisted pumped current has also been investigated. We further predict the current and spectral density of shot noise as a periodic function of the phase, which exhibits an intrinsic property of resonant and nonresonant channels in the structures.

黄土区不同土地利用方式下径流量的神经网络模拟

基于黄土坡面降雨—径流关系的复杂性且非线性特性,引用3层前馈型BP网络模型,对不同土地利用方式(草灌地、刈割地、翻耕地)径流量进行模拟,以植被盖度、降雨强度、坡度、土壤前期含水率和土壤容重5个因子作为输入层变量,次降雨下径流量作为输出层变量,并利用野外人工模拟降雨试验所得到不同降雨强度下各类土地利用径流小区的径流量实测资料,对网络进行模拟训练和预测,取得了较好的结果,平均误差不超过10%。研究结果表明,与传统回归统计方法进行了误差比较,该模型的预测精度更高。

1-Gb/s zero-pole cancellation CMOS transimpedance amplifier for Gigabit Ethernet applications

A zero-pole cancellation transimpedance amplifier (TIA) has been realized in 0.35 μm RF CMOS tech nology for Gigabit Ethernet applications. The TIA exploits a zero-pole cancellation configuration to isolate the input parasitic capacitance including photodiode capacitance from bandwidth deterioration. Simulation results show that the proposed TIA has a bandwidth of 1.9 GHz and a transimpedance gain of 65 dB·Ω for 1.5 pF photodiode capaci tance, with a gain-bandwidth product of 3.4 THz·Ω. Even with 2 pF photodiode capacitance, the bandwidth exhibits a decline of only 300 MHz, confirming the mechanism of the zero-pole cancellation configuration. The input resis tance is 50 Ω, and the average input noise current spectral density is 9.7 pA/(Hz)~(1/2). Testing results shows that the eye diagram at 1 Gb/s is wide open. The chip dissipates 17 mW under a single 3.3 V supply.