Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Promotes Internalisation of Integrins and Raft Components and Decreases Macrophage Adhesion Capacity

10 p.

Dynamic optimization of track components to minimize rail corrugation

In this paper, the influence on corrugation of the most significant track parameters has been examined. After this parametric study, the optimization of the track parameters to minimize the undulatory wear growth has been achieved. Finally, the influence of the dispersion of the track and contact parameters on corrugation growth has been studied. A method has been developed to obtain an optimal solution of the track parameters which minimizes corrugation growth, thus ensuring that this solution remains optimum despite dispersion of track parameters and wheel-rail contact uncertainties. This work is based on the computer application RACING (RAil Corrugation INitiation and Growth) which has been developed by the authors to predict rail corrugation features.

Fishing effort validation and substitution possibilities among components: the case study of the VIII division European anchovy fishery

Command and control regulation programs, particularly input constraints, typically fail to achieve stated objectives, because fishermen may substitute unregulated for regulated inputs. It is, thus, essential to have an understanding of the internal structure of production technology. A primal formulation is used to estimate a translog production function at the vessels level that includes fishing effort and fisherman’s skill. The flexibility of the selected functional permits the analysis of the substitution possibilities among inputs by estimating the elasticity of substitution with no prior constraints. Particular attention is paid to the empirical validation of fishing effort as an aggregate input, which implies either, the acceptation of the joint hypothesis that inputs making up effort are weakly separable from the inputs out of the subgroup or considering that effort is an intermediate input produced by a non-separable two stage technology. Cross sectional data from the Spanish purse seine fleet operating in the VIII Division European anchovy fishery provide evidence of limited input substitution possibilities among the inputs making up the empirically validated fishing effort translog micro-production function.

Reuse of software components orientated to iOS mobile devices

Within the next few pages, I will try to give a wide description of the project that I have been doing for IK4-Ikerlan. For the last six months, I have been working in developing a socket-based application for Apple devices. These devices work under the iOS operative system, which is programmed in Objective-C, a language similar to C. Although I did not have the chance to develop this application for Apple TV, I was able to create an application for iPhone and another one for iPad. The only difference between both applications was the screen resolution, but we decided to make them separately, as it would be really hard to combine both resolutions, and wallpapers, everything in the same workspace. Finally, it is necessary to add that the main goal was not to create a new application for iOS, but to translate an Android application into iOS. To achieve this, it is required to translate Java code into Objective- C, which is the language used to develop applications for all kinds of Apple devices. Fortunately, there is a tool created by Google, which helped us with this exercise. This tool is called j2ObjC, and it is still being developed.

Atomistic simulation studies of the cement paste components

230 p.

An??lisis de la oferta de actividades de fitness en Pamplona y propuesta alternativa

En el presente documento se realiza un an??lisis de la oferta que se da en el mundo de los gimnasios en la ciudad de Pamplona y se propone la creaci??n de un gimnasio que tendr?? el HIIT como metodolog??a de entrenamiento y en torno a la que girar??n una serie de actividades elegidas de entre todas las nuevas tendencias que est??n surgiendo en el Fitness. Posteriormente se realizar??n los an??lisis y se aportar??n las referencias para constatar que realmente este m??todo de trabajar es el m??s indicado para el proyecto.

Fitness 19. Plan de marketing

El siguiente trabajo consiste en el desarrollo de un plan de marketing para la apertura de un centro franquiciado de la empresa Fitness19 en la localidad de Algorta, Getxo. Se trata de una franquicia española que basa su actividad en la instalación de centros deportivos de Fitness “Low Cost”, es decir, de bajo coste para el usuario. Con esto lo que pretenden es diferenciarse del resto de empresas de su sector ofreciendo unos servicios especializados a bajo coste. La filosofía que siguen es la de ofrecer solo fitness, que es lo que realmente busca el cliente, al mejor precio. De esta manera, presentaremos el proyecto, analizaremos el entorno de la empresa (tanto genérico como específico) y su situación interna con el objetivo de definir las amenazas, oportunidades, debilidades y fortalezas que presenta. Para ello examinaremos el ámbito geográfico en el que se planea su implantación y su mercado y detallaremos los servicios que pone a nuestra disposición la franquicia. Una vez realizado este análisis y diagnóstico se procederá a la elaboración de las estrategias de marketing y se detallará un plan de acción y control para su consiguiente aplicación. El objetivo del análisis y la planificación es llevar a cabo la tarea de crear y poner en funcionamiento de forma exitosa el centro franquiciado siguiendo un plan estructurado y preciso. Este plan está diseñado para abarcar todas las estrategias y acciones necesarias desde el momento de creación de la empresa, que será en Mayo de 2015, pasando por la ubicación, obra del local y su apertura hasta la época navideña de ese mismo año. De esta manera se definen en el trabajo dos etapas muy diferentes: etapa preapertura y etapa de actividad.

Análisis del comportamiento de la ventana anabólica en personas practicantes de fitness físicamente activas (Revisión bibliográfica)

La literatura científica relacionada con el timing nutricional es muy popular y por ello un área de investigación continuamente cambiante. Uno de los temas de mayor interés en cuanto al tiempo de los nutrientes es el concepto de ventana anabólica, una estrategia diseñada para maximizar las adaptaciones inducidas por el entrenamiento.

Effects of Small-Sided Games vs. Interval Training in Aerobic Fitness and Physical Enjoyment in Young Elite Soccer Players

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Small-Sided Games (SSG) vs. Interval Training (IT) in soccer training on aerobic fitness and physical enjoyment in youth elite soccer players during the last 8 weeks of the season. Seventeen U-16 male soccer players (age = 15.5 +/- 0.6 years, and 8.5 years of experience) of a Spanish First Division club academy were randomized to 2 different groups for 6 weeks: SSG group (n = 9) and IT group (n = 8). In addition to the usual technical and tactical sessions and competitive games, the SSG group performed 11 sessions with different SSGs, whereas the IT group performed the same number of sessions of IT. Players were tested before and after the 6-week training intervention with a continuous maximal multistage running field test and the counter movement jump test (CMJ). At the end of the study, players answered the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES). During the study, heart rate (HR) and session perceived effort (sRPE) were assessed. SSGs were as effective as IT in maintaining the aerobic fitness in elite young soccer players during the last weeks of the season. Players in the SSG group declared a greater physical enjoyment than IT (P = 0.006; ES = 1.86 +/- 1.07). Coaches could use SSG training during the last weeks of the season as an option without fear of losing aerobic fitness while promoting high physical enjoyment.

Influence of Extracellular Matrix Components on the Expression of Integrins and Regeneration of Adult Retinal Ganglion Cells

Purpose Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are exposed to injury in a variety of optic nerve diseases including glaucoma. However, not all cells respond in the same way to damage and the capacity of individual RGCs to survive or regenerate is variable. In order to elucidate factors that may be important for RGC survival and regeneration we have focussed on the extracellular matrix (ECM) and RGC integrin expression. Our specific questions were: (1) Do adult RGCs express particular sets of integrins in vitro and in vivo? (2) Can the nature of the ECM influence the expression of different integrins? (3) Can the nature of the ECM affect the survival of the cells and the length or branching complexity of their neurites? Methods Primary RGC cultures from adult rat retina were placed on glass coverslips treated with different substrates: Poly-L-Lysine (PL), or PL plus laminin (L), collagen I (CI), collagen IV (CIV) or fibronectin (F). After 10 days in culture, we performed double immunostaining with an antibody against beta III-Tubulin to identify the RGCs, and antibodies against the integrin subunits: alpha V, alpha 1, alpha 3, alpha 5, beta 1 or beta 3. The number of adhering and surviving cells, the number and length of the neurites and the expression of the integrin subunits on the different substrates were analysed. Results PL and L were associated with the greatest survival of RGCs while CI provided the least favourable conditions. The type of substrate affected the number and length of neurites. L stimulated the longest growth. We found at least three different types of RGCs in terms of their capacity to regenerate and extend neurites. The different combinations of integrins expressed by the cells growing on different substrata suggest that RGCs expressed predominantly alpha 1 beta 1 or alpha 3 beta 1 on L, alpha 1 beta 1 on CI and CIV, and alpha 5 beta 3 on F. The activity of the integrins was demonstrated by the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Conclusions Adult rat RGCs can survive and grow in the presence of different ECM tested. Further studies should be done to elucidate the different molecular characteristics of the RGCs subtypes in order to understand the possible different sensitivity of different RGCs to damage in diseases like glaucoma in which not all RGCs die at the same time.