Erizainaren rola giza immunoeskasiaren birusaren sexu bidezko transmisioaren prebentzioan

Giza Immunoeskasiaren Birusa (GIB) gorputzean sartzerakoan, abiadura azkarrean ugaldu eta immunitate sistemaren suntsidura progresiboa probokatzen duen erretrobirusa da. Bost bide ezberdinetatik transmiti badaiteke ere, egun sexu bidezko kutsatzea da ohikoena. Arazo honi aurre egiteko, osasun zerbitzuen presentzia indartzeko beharra eskatzen duten prebentzio estrategia berriak proposatu behar dira. HELBURUA: Lanaren helburu nagusia GIB birusaren sexu bidezko transmisioa prebenitzeko dauden neurri ezberdinak aztertzea izan da eta prebentzio horretan erizainak duen rola ezagutzea. METODOLOGIA: Gaiaren inguruan idatzitako literatura zientifikoaren errebisio narratiboa egin da. Horretarako bi fasetan burututako bilaketa bibliografikoa egin da: lehenean artikuluen bilaketa eta aukeraketa egin da; bigarrenean, berriz, horien ebaluazioa. EMAITZAK: Sexu bidez Transmititzen diren Infekzioak (STI) areagotu egin dira azken urteetan eta hartzen diren arriskuzko jarduera gehienak ezjakintasunaren ondorio dira. Dauden prebentzio neurriak populazio guztira heltzen ez direnez, teknologia berrien eta biomedikuntzan oinarritutako ikerketen aldeko apustua egin da arlo honetan. Erizaintzari dagokionez, erizainak hezteak duen garrantzia azpimarratzen da, gaixoari zainketa egokiak eman ahal izateko. Bestalde, eskolako erizainaren figura planteatzen da bizitzako lehen etapako osasun heziketaren erreferente gisa. EZTABAIDA: Errebisioan aztertutako artikuluek bat egiten dute prebentzio neurri bakar bat ez dela eraginkorra ondorioztatzean. Arriskuzko sexu jarduerak murrizten dituzten jarrera aldaketan oinarritutako esku-hartzeak eta antierretrobiralen bidezko tratamenduaren erabileraren arteko elkarketa, kontsidera daiteke etorkizuneko GIB birusaren sexu bidezko transmisioaren prebentzio neurri ezin hobea. ONDORIOAK: Kasuen areagotzeak biztanleriak duen gaiaren inguruko ezagutza urria edota arrisku hautemate eza bistan uzten du. Hori dela eta, heziketa eraginkor baten aldeko apustua egin beharko da, gainontzeko prebentzio neurriek ere heziketa baten beharra eskatzen baitute. Gizartea osasunean heztea erizainaren funtzio nagusietako bat den aldetik, erizainak GIB birusaren sexu bidezko transmisioaren prebentzioan duen rolean aldaketa bat planteatu beharko litzatekeela ikusten da.

Recognition of Membrane-Bound Fusion-Peptide/MPER Complexes by the HIV-1 Neutralizing 2F5 Antibody : Implications for Anti-2F5 Immunogenicity

13 p.

Flood risk management: What are the main drivers of prevention?

4 p.

HIV-1 Capture and Transmission by Dendritic Cells: The Role of Viral Glycolipids and the Cellular Receptor Siglec-1

Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential in order to combat invading viruses and trigger antiviral responses. Paradoxically, in the case of HIV-1, DCs might contribute to viral pathogenesis through trans-infection, a mechanism that promotes viral capture and transmission to target cells, especially after DC maturation. In this review, we highlight recent evidence identifying sialyllactose-containing gangliosides in the viral membrane and the cellular lectin Siglec-1 as critical determinants for HIV-1 capture and storage by mature DCs and for DC-mediated trans-infection of T cells. In contrast, DC-SIGN, long considered to be the main receptor for DC capture of HIV-1, plays a minor role in mature DC-mediated HIV-1 capture and trans-infection.

Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular Degeneration Prevention?

Purpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants (AOX) and omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3) supplements in AMD prevention. Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the effects of AOX and omega-3 were addressed all together with the scientific evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the Retina Group of the OFTARED (Spain). Results. High dietary intakes of omega-3 and macular pigments lutein/zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) showed a beneficial effect of high doses of vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc/copper in reducing the rate of progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with one-sided late AMD. The AREDS-2 study has shown that lutein and zeaxanthin may substitute beta-carotene because of its potential relationship with increased lung cancer incidence. Conclusion. Research has proved that elder people with poor diets, especially with low AOX and omega-3 micronutrients intake and subsequently having low plasmatic levels, are more prone to developing AMD. Micronutrient supplementation enhances antioxidant defense and healthy eyes and might prevent/retard/modify AMD.

Effects of an emotional intelligence program in variables related to the prevention of violence

In recent decades, numerous studies have shown a significant increase in violence during childhood and adolescence. These data suggest the importance of implementing programs to prevent and reduce violent behavior. The study aimed to design a program of emotional intelligence (El) for adolescents and to assess its effects on variables related to violence prevention. The possible differential effect of the program on both genders was also examined. The sample comprised 148 adolescents aged from 13 to 16 years. The study used an experimental design with repeated pretest-posttest measures and control groups. To measure the variables, four assessment instruments were administered before and after the program, as well as in the follow-up phase (1 year after the conclusion of the intervention). The program consisted of 20 one-hour sessions. The pretest-posttest ANCOVAs showed that the program significantly increased: (1) El (attention, clarity, emotional repair); (2) assertive cognitive social interaction strategies; (3) internal control of anger; and (4) the cognitive ability to analyze negative feelings. In the follow-up phase, the positive effects of the intervention were generally maintained and, moreover, the use of aggressive strategies as an interpersonal conflict-resolution technique was significantly reduced. Regarding the effect of the program on both genders, the change was very similar, but the boys increased assertive social interaction strategies, attention, and emotional clarity significantly more than the girls. The importance of implementing programs to promote socio-emotional development and prevent violence is discussed.