Effect of starvation on the biochemical composition of Clarias batrachus (Linn.)

Marked changes were observed in different chemical constituents of C. batrachus during starvation. The N and protein fractions showed a definite pattern of variations. The highest values of these were recorded on 10th day of starvation and thereafter values declined gradually. On the other hand, the acid soluble phosphorus exhibited a reverse trend, increasing gradually from the first to the 30th day of starvation. These changes have been attributed mainly to the energy and metabolic demands of the starving fish.

Studies on mollusca of Saurashtra coast - 3. Composition

The paper presents the seasonal variations in moisture, protein, salt and ash in the meat of Murex virgineus, Solen sp., Loligo sp., Sepiella inermis and Octopus sp. Moisture and fat contents of twenty two species of molluscs are reported. Inverse relationship between protein and ash has been observed. Cephalopoda recorded higher meat, moisture and protein contents than amphineura, gastropoda and pelecypoda. Pelecypoda contains higher fat than amphineura, gastropoda and cephalopoda.

Seasonal changes in the biochemical composition of ovary in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

Seasonal changes in the biochemical composition of ovary in H. fossilis are reported. An inverse relationship was noted in fat and water contents. Maximum fat was observed in June and lowest in December. Protein and ash were generally low during winter and high during summer or monsoon months. Variations in the cholesterol content were more or less identical to those of the fat.

Influence of sex, spawning, starvation and water temperature on fatty acid composition in Tilapia mossambica

The influence of sex, spawning, starvation and water temperature on the fatty acid composition of Tilapia mossambica has been studied. Tilapia egg lipid was found to have unusually high percentage of C sub(22:6) fatty acids (9.09%) compared to body and intestinal lipids. The C sub(16:1) acid was much less in the egg lipids (3.5%) whereas it was 11% in the body lipids. There was no significant difference in the fatty acid composition of body and intestinal lipids of male and female tilapia. Starvation caused the presence of high content of lower fatty acids (C sub(6), C sub(8), C sub(30), C sub(12) and C sub(33)) in the body lipids. Water temperature also influenced the fatty acid composition of Tilapia; the difference was more significant in body lipids than in intestinal lipids.

Squilla protein: chemical composition and nutritive value

Protein extract prepared from squilla (Grato squilla nepa), a commercially unexploited crustacean, was analysed for crude protein and essential amino acids. All the essential amino acids except tryptophan and threonine were present in nutritionally adequate amounts. The protein was evaluated for its nutritional quality in respect of growth rate, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and liver nitrogen content by feeding on rats. Growth rates and protein efficiency ratios were similar in rats fed on casein, squilla protein and a combination of squilla protein and casein (1:1) diet. The weight of liver and kidneys were normal.

Impact of species composition and artificial feed on the growth of carps

Two trials conducted to demonstrate the suitability of composite carp culture in a small, seasonal, shallow village pond with varied species composition and stocking density indicated the possibility of obtaining higher production with reduced number of species. During the first trial, the Indian major carps, silver carp, common carp and fringe lipped carp were stocked at a density of 5625 fingerlings/ha in the pond in which the maximum water spread area was 1600m². The fish grown over a period of seven months yielded a production of only 242 kg. However, during the second trial, an increase in production by 60.33% was achieved over the same period in the same pond by stocking only the Indian major carps and common carp at a density of 4687.5 fingerlings/ha and feeding them daily with silkworm faecal matter based artificial feed at about 5% of their body weight. The results indicated that for seasonal, shallow ponds stocking of only three species of carps, namely, catla, rohu and common carp would suffice to get optimum yield.

Growth and survival of Penaeus monodon postlarvae fed shrimp head meal and fish meal as primary animal source of protein

Although shrimp head meal alone does not provide for good growth and survival, fish meal can provide high survival rate. The addition of shrimp head improves this diet. It is suggested that cholesterol present in shrimp could have caused this difference. Composition of the test diets is tabulated, as are proximate chemical analysis of the diets, and the mean initial weights, final weights, weight gains, survival rate, feed consumed, protein consumed, of Penaeus monodon postlarvae, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio.

A preliminary study on the use of the local variety of ipil-ipil Leucaena leucocephala as a protein source for prawn feed

A study was carried out to determine the effect of 10 or 20% leaves or seeds in the diet of Penaeus monodon , and the extent to which local ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala ) could replace head shrimp meal. A brief description is given of the experimental methodology, and details of composition of the diet, proximate chemical composition of the diets, mean weight gain and survival of Penaeus monodon larvae fed shrimp head meal and ipil-ipil as protein sources, are presented. Mean weight gains for all groups were poor and not statistically significant. Survival rates for those fed 10% ipil-ipil were significantly higher than those fed 20% diets. Wherever the survival rate was high, mean weight gain was low and vice versa. The presence of the toxic alkaloids mimosine in ipil-ipil could have caused the low survival rate.

Relationship between diet composition and growth rate of the zoeal and mysis stages of Penaeus japonicus Bate

Diets containing Chaetoceros gracilis plus Artemia nauplii artificially prepared diet, Diet-B, and two commercial feeds Tapes and mysid meals, were fed to larvae of P. japonicus. Highest survival rate was obtained when larvae were fed with Diet-B. The results show that the early larval stages of P. japonicus can be reared on artificially prepared diets. Since the chemical composition of the diet is known, it can be used as supplemental data for larval feeding development and nutritional requirement studies for the early larval stages of Penaeus japonicus and/or other penaeids. Information is tabulated on feeds and feeding rates used, composition of the artificial diet, fatty acid composition of lipids of the different diets, and of the sterols of the different diets.

Catch composition of penaeid prawns caught with fish corrals at Batan Bay, Philippines

The study was undertaken to ascertain the commercially important species of penaeid prawns caught in Batan Bay, Philippines and their abundance in fish corrals. A total of 12 species were commercially caught: Penaeus monodon, P. semisulcatus, P. merguiensis, P. indicus, P. latisulcatus, P. japonicus, P. canaliculatus, Metapenaeus ensis, M. endeavouri, M. dalli, M. elegans, and Trachypenaeus fulvus.

Transboundary diagnostic analysis. Vol. 1. Issues, proximate and root causes

The Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis(TDA) quantifies and ranks water-related environmental transboundary issues and their causes according to the severity of environmental and/or socio-economic impacts. The three main issues in BOBLME are; overexploitation of marine living resources; degradation of mangroves, coral reefs and seagrasses; pollution and water quality. Volume 1 describes the transboundary issues in BOBLME and their proximate and underlying root causes. These will be used to develop a Strategic Action Plan (SAP)

Percentage composition of Brachyuran larvae collected during 1994 in Manora Channel, Karachi, Pakistan

Brachyuran larvae are the most common zooplankton component of the Manora Channel, Karachi, Pakistan. The identification of these larvae would assist in the assessment of brachyuran species and provide information on percentage composition, occurrence, abundance and breeding habits of the brachyuran species in the Manora Channel area. However plankton caught larvae is not easily identified. An accurate identification of such material is only possible by the comparison with larvae reared under laboratory conditions and documented with illustrations. The identifications for this present study were based on the works of Gurney (1938); Atkins (1954); Chhapgar (1955); Raja Bai (1960); Hashmi (1969, 1970a, b); Baba and Miyata (1971); Kakati and Sankolli (1975); Rice (1975); Kakati (1977); Lim and Tan (1981); Yatsuzuka and Sakai (1984); Fielder, et al (1984); Amir (1989, M. Phil thesis unpublished); Ingle (1992); Siddiqui and Tirmizi (1992); Tirmizi et al (1993); Bano (1999, M. Phil thesis unpublished); Ghory and Siddiqui (2001); Ghory (2002, M. Phil thesis unpublished); Ghory and Siddiqui (2002).

Abundance and composition of benthic fauna in Penaeus monodon Fabricius culture pond on the west coast of Malaysia peninsular

This paper reports a study on the benthic faunal abundance and diversity of tiger shrimp P. monodon culture ponds in Perak, west coast of Malaysia Peninsular. Sampling was carried out at three weeks interval throughout the 116 days culture period. In addition, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, transparency, pH and organic matter of soil were also measured. Results showed that the major groups of macro-benthos comprised of gastropod, foraminifera, polychaetes, bivalve and insects; whereas the meio-benthos comprised of harpacticoid copepods, ostracods, nematodes, gastropods, foraminifera, bivalve, insects, crustacean nauplii and polychaetes. In macro-benthos, the abundance of different sizes of Gastropods increased throughout the culture duration. This consisted of 37-98.20% for <1cm length, 1.80-61.50% for 1-2cm length and 1.18—1.30% for >2cm length. Other macro and meio-benthic organisms decreased linearly with the culture period. The depletion symptom indicates that the culture species may have intensively preyed upon the consumable (<0.5cm in size) benthic fauna together with detritus and artificial diet; or could have been caused by pond bottom deterioration via uneaten feed, faces and toxic gases.

Fatty acid composition of some brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta) from the coast of Karachi

Ten species of filamentous and multicellular thalloid algae (Phaeophyta) belonging to six genera of the class Dictyophyceae were collected from different seawater habitats of Karachi, Pakistan at the northern boundary of the Arabian Sea during September 1997 and July 1998. They were extracted in chloroform: methanol, saponified, subjected to column chromatography (CC, TLC), esterified and analysed for fatty acid (FA) composition initially by gas-liquid-chromatography (GLC) and finally by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Algae of the classes Laminariophyceae and Fucophyceae (Phaeophyta) displayed only a few SCFAs, PUFAs and substituted FAs, no VLCFA, C22 UFA, CFA, DCFA and monoynoic FA, large amount of C16:0, very large quantity of C18:1, very small RCCL and FA-diversity, C18 UFAs up to four DBs, C20 UFAs up to three DBs only. They were characterized by the largest amount of C18:1, lowest degree of unsaturation of C20 UFAs, lack of C22 UFAs, the shortest RCCL and the smallest FA-diversity as compared to other phyla.

Fatty acid composition of more brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta) from the coast of Karachi

Six species of multicellular, thalloid, brown algae, belonging to five genera of the classes Laminariophyceae and Fucophyceae were collected from the coastal areas of Buleji near Karachi (Pakistan) during October 1997 and February 1998. They were extracted in chloroform: methanol, saponified, subjected to column chromatography (CC, TLC), esterified and analysed for fatty acid (FA) composition initially by gas-liquid-chromatography (GLC) and finally by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). They displayed only a few SCFAs, PUFAs and substituted FAs, no VLCFA, C22 UFA, CFA, DCFA and monoynoic FA, large amount of CI6:0, very large quantity of C18:1, very small RCCL and FA-diversity, C18 UFAs up to four DBs, C20 UFAs up to three DBs only. They were characterized by the largest amount of C18:1, lowest degree of unsaturation of C20 UFAs, lack of C22 UFAs, the shortest RCCL and the smallest FA-diversity as compared to other phyla.