La Esgrima como enseñanza formal en las instituciones educativas públicas de Madrid. Del Real Seminario de Nobles al Instituto de Segunda Enseñanza Cardenal Cisneros (1725-1950).

En el presente trabajo de investigación se ha analizado la presencia de la Esgrima como materia de enseñanza dentro de diversas Instituciones educativas formales de Madrid, abarcando un rango temporal de 225 años (1725-1950). Para la realización de la investigación se elaboró un esquema de trabajo basado en la metodología de la investigación histórica, la historiografía. La búsqueda de la información se llevó a cabo, fundamentalmente en el Archivo Histórico Nacional el Archivo General de la Administración, el Archivo Regional de Madrid, el Archivo General de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, el Archivo del Real Conservatorio Superior de Música de Madrid, el Archivo General de Palacio, el Archivo de la Villa y la Biblioteca Nacional. La investigación presentada abarca cinco Instituciones educativas en las que se estudia la presencia de la Esgrima como enseñanza formal, siendo estas el Real Seminario de Nobles de Madrid, la Escuela Central de Profesores y Profesoras de Gimnástica, el Real Conservatorio de Música y Declamación y los Institutos de Segunda Enseñanza del Cardenal Cisneros y de San Isidro. Se analizaron las diferentes Constituciones de formación, Planes de Estudios, Reglamentos Interinos de funcionamiento, Leyes de fundación, libros, Programas de asignaturas y todos aquellos documentos, tanto oficiales como internos de cada uno de los Centros tratados. Así mismo, se estudiaron las figuras de los Maestros encargados de impartir la Esgrima como materia formal en las diversas Instituciones, alcanzando la mayor relevancia D. Manuel Antonio de Brea, D. Francisco de la Macorra y Guijeño, D. Ángel Lancho Martín de la Fuente, D. Afrodisio Aparicio Aparicio y D. José Carbonell. De la investigación realizada se concluye la presencia de la Esgrima como una materia perfectamente sistematizada en cada uno de las Instituciones analizadas así como la importancia que alcanzaba la figura del Maestro de Esgrima en todas ellas, siendo en algunos casos “Maestro Mayor del Reyno” y en otros convirtiéndose en Catedráticos de Esgrima, al tiempo que todos ellos contaban con una titulación que les capacitaba para el ejercicio de su profesión. Así mismo encontramos la presencia de la mujer en una de las Instituciones, el Real Conservatorio de Música y Declamación, con los mismos derechos que sus compañeros varones para matricularse y estudiar la Esgrima. Los Maestros estudiados, fundamentalmente D. Ángel Lancho, D. Afrodisio Aparicio y D. José Carbonell, contribuyeron a popularizar la Esgrima y a su desarrollo como deporte, organizando torneos para sus alumnos y compitiendo ellos mismos en multitud de asaltos. A lo largo de los 225 años que abarca esta investigación, la Esgrima evolucionó de Destreza a Habilidad y más tarde a Deporte, sin perder en ningún momento su importancia, extendiéndose a sectores de la sociedad a los que nunca habría llegado de no ser por la labor de los Maestros de Esgrima encargados de su formación. ABSTRACT. In this research work, the presence of Fencing as an educational subject within different formal educational Institutions in Madrid, over a period of 225 years (1725-1950), has been analysed. In order to carry out this research, a work schedule was drawn up, based on the methods of the historical research, historiography. The search for the information was primarily carried out in the Archivo Historico Nacional, the Archivo General de la Administración, the Archivo Regional of Madrid, the Archivo General de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, the Archivo del Real Conservatorio Superior de Música of Madrid, the Archivo General de Palacio, the Archivo de la Villa and the Biblioteca Nacional. The research presented covers five educational Institutions, where the presence of Fencing as a formal education is studied. These Institutions are: the Real Seminario de Nobles de Madrid, the Escuela Central de Profesores y Profesoras de Gimnástica, the Real Conservatorio de Música y Declamación and the Cardenal Cisneros and the San Isidro Secondary Schools. The different Academic formation, Syllabuses, Temporary working Regulations, founding Law, books, subject Plans and all the documents, official or internal, of each of the Centres dealt with, were analysed. Moreover, the roles of the Masters in charge of teaching Fencing as a formal subject in different Institutions were studied, and Mr. Manuel Antonio de Brea, Mr. Francisco de la Macorra y Guijeño, Mr. Ángel Lancho Martín de la Fuente, Mr. Afrodisio Aparicio Aparicio and Mr. José Carbonell were the most prominent. The conclusion of the research carried out, is that the presence of Fencing is a subject perfectly organised in each one of the Institutions analysed, as well as the importance that the role of the Fencing Master reached in every Institution, in some cases being “Maestro Mayor del Reyno” and in others becoming Fencing Professors, while all of them had a qualification that enabled them to practice their profession. Similarly, we can find the presence of women in one of the Institutions, the Real Conservatorio de Música y Declamación, where they had the same rights as her male classmates to enrol and study Fencing. The Fencing Masters who were studied, principally Mr. Ángel Lancho, Mr. Afrodisio Aparicio and Mr. José Carbonell, all contributed to making Fencing popular and also towards its development as a sport, by organising tournaments for their students and by competing themselves in a number of assaults. Over the 225 years which the research covers, Fencing evolved from Skill to Ability and later on to a Sport, without, at any moment, losing its importance, spreading to parts of society that it would never have reached if it were not for the work of the Fencing Masters in charge of teaching it.

Reaching the unreached: An initiative to bridge the gap between the gap by active role of management institutes/schools

There are large numbers of business communities in India which neither had any formal education nor they took any professional training but still they contribute in successful business formation. Their presence can be felt in all areas of business. Still there is a big professional gap between the educational institutes, specially the B-Schools and this independent business community. With the help of this paper an effort is made to develop a Two-Way learning relationship for the mutual benefit of both entities. It will also highlight the role of an educational institute beyond academics for the well being of society. This may lead to derive and develop the exchange of innovative business ideas and framing the suitable policies for long term sustainability in today´s competitive arena. The study conducted by researcher with a sample size of 100 which includes a mix of well known academic professionals, MBA students and non academic business professionals has revealed that there is a need of an exchange program for the mutual benefits. There exists a big professional gap in this area which can be filled with the active and effective initiative by management institutes. An effort is made in this paper to highlight this gap and to suggest some framework to bridge the gap

News in engineering education in Spain effective from 2010 in presence of external changes and mixed crisis, looking mostly to agro and civil engineers.

The engineering careers models were diverse in Europe, and are adopting now in Spain the Bolonia process for European Universities. Separated from older Universities, that are in part technically active, Civil Engineering (Caminos, Canales y Puertos) started at end of 18th century in Spain adopting the French models of Upper Schools for state civil servants with exam at entry. After 1800 intense wars, to conserve forest regions Ingenieros de Montes appeared as Upper School, and in 1855 also the Ingenieros Agrónomos to push up related techniques and practices. Other Engineers appeared as Upper Schools but more towards private factories. These ES got all adapted Lower Schools of Ingeniero Tecnico. Recently both grew much in number and evolved, linked also to recognized Professions. Spanish society, into European Community, evolved across year 2000, in part highly well, but with severe discordances, that caused severe youth unemployment with 2008-2011 crisis. With Bolonia process high formal changes step in from 2010-11, accepted with intense adaptation. The Lower Schools are changing towards the Upper Schools, and both that have shifted since 2010-11 various 4-years careers (Grado), some included into the precedent Professions, and diverse Masters. Acceptation of them to get students has started relatively well, and will evolve, and acceptation of new grades for employment in Spain, Europe or outside will be essential. Each Grado has now quite rigid curricula and programs, MOODLE was introduced to connect pupils, some specific uses of Personal Computers are taught in each subject. Escuela de Agronomos centre, reorganized with its old name in its precedent buildings at entrance of Campus Moncloa, offers Grados of Agronomic Engineering and Science for various public and private activities for agriculture, Alimentary Engineering for alimentary activities and control, Agro-Environmental Engineering more related to environment activities, and in part Biotechnology also in laboratories in Campus Monte-Gancedo for Biotechnology of Plants and Computational Biotechnology. Curricula include Basics, Engineering, Practices, Visits, English, ?project of end of career?, Stays. Some masters will conduce to specific professional diploma, list includes now Agro-Engineering, Agro-Forestal Biotechnology, Agro and Natural Resources Economy, Complex Physical Systems, Gardening and Landscaping, Rural Genie, Phytogenetic Resources, Plant Genetic Resources, Environmental Technology for Sustainable Agriculture, Technology for Human Development and Cooperation.

Integration of cooperation for development in Survey Engineering curricula at the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) framework

Survey Engineering curricula involves the integration of many formal disciplines at a high level of proficiency. The Escuela de Ingenieros en Topografía, Cartografía y Geodesia at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Survey Engineering) has developed an intense and deep teaching on so-called Applied Land Sciences and Technologies or Land Engineering. However, new approaches are encouraged by the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). This fact requires a review of traditional teaching and methods. Furthermore, the new globalization and international approach gives new ways to this discipline to teach and learn about how to bridge gap between cultures and regions. This work is based in two main needs. On one hand, it is based on integration of basic knowledge and disciplines involved in typical Survey Engineering within Land Management. On the other, there is an urgent need to consider territory on a social and ethical basis, as far as a part of the society, culture, idiosyncrasy or economy. The integration of appropriate knowledge of the Land Management is typically dominated by civil engineers and urban planners. It would be very possible to integrate Survey Engineering and Cooperation for Development in the framework of Land Management disciplines. Cooperation for Development is a concept that has changed since beginning of its use until now. Development projects leave an impact on society in response to their beneficiaries and are directed towards self-sustainability. Furthermore, it is the true bridge to reduce gap between societies when differences are immeasurable. The concept of development has also been changing and nowadays it is not a purely economic concept. Education, science and technology are increasingly taking a larger role in what is meant by development. Moreover, it is commonly accepted that Universities should transfer knowledge to society, and the transfer of knowledge should be open to countries most in need for developing. If the importance of the country development is given by education, science and technology, knowledge transfer would be one of the most clear of ways of Cooperation for Development. Therefore, university cooperation is one of the most powerful tools to achieve it, placing universities as agents of development. In Spain, the role of universities as agents of development and cooperation has been largely strengthened. All about this work deals to how to implement both Cooperation for Development and Land Management within Survey Engineering at the EHEA framework.

MotoStudent, un paradigma de emprendimiento y educación no formal en la universidad

Resumen: Muchas instituciones de educación superior de todo el mundo llevan tiempo dinamizando sus enseñanzas a fin de transmitir a sus egresados las nuevas competencias que demanda la sociedad del siglo XXI. Afortunadamente en España también existe una fuerte apuesta por la flexibilización de la educación superior, que se materializa en iniciativas tales como la competición internacional MotoStudent. Abstract: A lot of educational superior institutions around the world have been dynamized their teaching methods trying to transmit to their graduates the new abilities that demands the XX’s century society. Fortunately in Spain it also exist a hard bet for the flexibility of the high education, materialized in initiatives as the international “MotoStudent” contest.

Garantía de calidad en Educación Virtual No Formal para Pueblos Indígenas

Este trabajo de investigación presenta un modelo de garantía de calidad en educación Alternativa en modalidad virtual para Pueblos Indígenas del departamento de La Paz, Bolivia. Se plantea el modelo teórico constituido por componentes que emergen de la problemática enunciada, complementado con un análisis comparativo de modelos de calidad en educación virtual y la selección de variables e indicadores. Se da también una descripción del modelo causal explicativo inicial, todo esto utilizando elementos adecuados a las características de Pueblos indígenas del Dpto. de La Paz. Más adelante, se detalla la experiencia de capacitación en TIC’s a dos poblaciones indígenas aplicando el modelo planteado, lo que ha permitido hacer una validación empírica de este. Asimismo, se da a conocer los resultados que arrojaron las encuestas de calidad provenientes de la aplicación del modelo y el llenado correspondiente de las mismas. A partir de estos datos se ha realizado los análisis estadísticos pertinentes para una validación formal del modelo, estructurando una base de datos con la que se logra validar el modelo a través del análisis confirmatorio que conduce a verificar el ajuste de los datos muestrales con el modelo propuesto. ABSTRACT This research presents a model of quality assurance in Alternative education in virtual mode for indigenous communities in the department of La Paz, Bolivia. The theoretical model consisting of components that emerge from the problem expressed, supplemented by a comparative analysis of quality models in virtual education and the selection of variables and indicators arise. It also gives a description of the initial causal explanatory model, all using suited to the characteristics of indigenous communities in the Department of La Paz. Later, the experience of ICT training in two indigenous peoples applying the detailed proposed model, which has allowed for an empirical validation of this. It also discloses the results yielded quality surveys from the application of the model and the corresponding filling them. From these data it was performed statistical analysis relevant to a formal model validation, structuring a database with that achieved validate the model through confirmatory analysis leading to check the setting of the sample data with the model proposed.