Desenlaces de la escala Omaha+ en los pacientes en cuidado intensivo en la fundación santa fe de Bogotá


Autoria(s): Garzón Posada, Natalia
Contribuinte(s)

Carrizosa Gonzalez, Jorge Armando

Rodríguez Lima, David

Celis Rodriguez, Edgar

Ferrer, Leopoldo

Data(s)

07/07/2016

31/12/1969

Resumo

Introducción La ventilación mecánica es fundamental en el manejo de la falla respiratoria aguda, actualmente no existe consenso sobre el momento exacto de extubación. Este estudio describe el comportamiento de la escala OMAHA+ en nuestra institución. Objetivo Principal Describir los desenlaces clínicos relacionados con la escala OMAHA+ durante la extubación de los pacientes de las unidades de cuidado intensivo del hospital universitario. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, basado en el registro de la escala OMAHA+ de 68 pacientes durante el proceso de extubación en las Unidades de cuidado intensivo adulto de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá durante Agosto de 2014 a Mayo de 2015. Resultados Se encontraron valores gasométricos cercanos a la normalidad, con una PaO2/FiO2 media de 261 (DS 60,6), SaO2 media de 96% (DS 2%), media de lactato sérico de 1.5 mmol/L (DS 1,2 mmol/L), con signos vitales normales. La causa más común de ingreso a UCI fue Neumonía, seguida por cirugía cardiaca y abdominal. Las medias de parámetros ventilatorios al momento de extubación fueron; PEEP de 6 (DS 0,8), volumen corriente de 8ml/Kg (DS 1,4 ml/Kg), índice de Tobín de 34 (DS 11,9), test de fuga positivo 94%, y sólo una extubación fallida. Conclusiones La escala OMAHA+ puede ser una herramienta útil, aplicable y fácilmente reproducible en los pacientes con soporte ventilatorio mecánico invasivo previo al proceso de extubación, con baja proporción de fallo. Estos resultados deben ser evaluados en estudios prospectivos.

PURPOSE Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving supportive therapy but it can also cause lung injury or infection, and its prolongation is related to increased mortality. Weaning from mechanical ventilation is a challenge. Although research suggests that the use of protocols to guide the ventilator discontinuation process may improve outcomes there is currently no consensus on when to perform the extubation of the patient and which protocol to use. The aim of this study was to describe the extubation process using the OMAHA+ scale. METHODS We conducted a descriptive, prospective study, based on the record of the instrument OMAHA+ and follow up of 68 patients during and after extubation between August 2014 and May 2015. RESULTS We found ABG values close to normal, with mean PaO2/FiO2 ratio 261 (SD 60,6), mean SaO2 96% (SD 2%), mean serum lactate 1,5 mmol/L (SD 1,2 mmol/L), with normal vital signs, the most common cause of ICU admission was pneumonia, followed by cardiac and abdominal surgery, ventilator settings at the time of extubation where mean PEEP 6 (SD 0,8), mean tidal volume 8ml/kg (SD 1,4 ml/kg), mean Tobin index of 34 (SD 11,9), positive cuff-leak test 94%, there was only one failed extubation (1,5%). CONCLUSIONS OMAHA+ scale could be a useful, simple and comprehensive tool to guide extubation patients in the ICU with a low failure rate, and that it includes the predictors of weaning that clinicians use, include demographic characteristics, subjective signs, vital signs and hemodynamic variables, lung mechanics, gas exchange and mechanical ventilator parametres.

Formato

application/pdf

Identificador

http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/12273

Idioma(s)

spa

Publicador

Facultad de Medicina

Direitos

info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess

Fonte

instname:Universidad del Rosario

reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR

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Palavras-Chave #Cuidados intensivos (medicina) #362.174 #Cuidados críticos #Respiración artificial #Enfermedades respiratorias #Enfermedades pulmonares #Mechanical ventilation #Extubation #Weaning #Critical Care
Tipo

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info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion