Toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles, ZnO bulk and ZnCl2 on earthworms in a spiked natural soil and toxicological effects of leachates on aquatic organisms


Autoria(s): García Gómez, C.; Babin, M.; Obrador Pérez, Ana Francisca; Álvarez Álvarez, José Manuel; Fernández, M. D.
Data(s)

2014

Resumo

The present study assessed the uptake and toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), ZnO bulk, and ZnCl2 salt in earthworms in spiked agricultural soils. In addition, the toxicity of aqueous extracts to Daphnia magna and Chlorella vulgaris was analyzed to determine the risk of these soils to the aquatic compartment. We then investigated the distribution of Zn in soil fractions to interpret the nature of toxicity. Neither mortality nor differences in earthworm body weight were observed compared with the control. The most sensitive end point was reproduction. ZnCl2 was notably toxic in eliminating the production of cocoons. The effects induced by ZnO-NPs and bulk ZnO on fecundity were similar and lower than those of the salt. In contrast to ZnO bulk, ZnO-NPs adversely affected fertility. The internal concentrations of Zn in earthworms in the NP group were greater than those in the salt and bulk groups, although bioconcentration factors were consistently <1. No relationship was found between toxicity and internal Zn amounts in earthworms. The results from the sequential extraction of soil showed that ZnCl2 displayed the highest availability compared with both ZnO. Zn distribution was consistent with the greatest toxicity showed by the salt but not with Zn body concentrations. The soil extracts from both ZnO-NPs and bulk ZnO did not show effects on aquatic organisms (Daphnia and algae) after short-term exposure. However, ZnCl2 extracts (total and 0.45-μm filtered) were toxic to Daphnia.

Formato

application/pdf

Identificador

http://oa.upm.es/35953/

Idioma(s)

eng

Publicador

E.T.S.I. Agrónomos (UPM)

Relação

http://oa.upm.es/35953/1/INVE_MEM_2014_194625.pdf

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00244-014-0025-7

info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s00244-014-0025-7

Direitos

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Fonte

Archives of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology, ISSN 0090-4341, 2014, Vol. 67, No. 4

Palavras-Chave #Agricultura
Tipo

info:eu-repo/semantics/article

Artículo

PeerReviewed