High-intensity resistance training improves glycemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> -- To examine the effect of high-intensity progressive resistance training combined with moderate weight loss on glycemic control and body composition in older patients with type 2 diabetes.<br /><br /><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b> -- Sedentary, overweight men and women with type 2 diabetes, aged 60-80 years (<i>n</i> = 36), were randomized to high-intensity progressive resistance training plus moderate weight loss (RT & WL group) or moderate weight loss plus a control program (WL group). Clinical and laboratory measurements were assessed at 0, 3, and 6 months.<br /><br /><b>RESULTS</b> -- HbA._1c fell significantly more in RT & WL than WL at 3 months (0.6 ± or -] 0.7 vs. 0.07 ± 0.8%, P < 0.05) and 6 months (1.2 ±1.0 vs. 0.4 ±0.8, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Similar reductions in body weight (RT & WL 2.5 ±2.9 vs. WL 3.1±2.1 kg) and fat mass (RT & WL 2.4 ± 2.7 vs. WL 2.7±2.5 kg) were observed after 6 months. In contrast, lean body mass (LBM) increased in the RT & WL group (0.5 ±1.1 kg) and decreased in the WL group (0.4±1.0) after 6 months (<i>P</i> < 0.05). There were no between-group differences for fasting glucose, insulin, serum lipids and lipoproteins, or resting blood pressure.<br /><br /><b>CONCLUSIONS</b> -- High-intensity progressive resistance training, in combination with moderate weight loss, was effective in improving glycemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Additional benefits of improved muscular strength and LBM identify high-intensity resistance training as a feasible and effective component in the management program for older patients with type 2 diabetes. <br />