Global distribution of permian conulariids and palaeobiogeographical implications

Previously, minimal work has been carried out on conulariids due to their rare occurrences and resultant biostratigraphical limitations. The palaeobiogeographical distribution of Permian conulariids suggests that they have a marked preference for cold to cool-water regions, that they are significant indicators for migration patterns, and that they can potentially provide information on the palaeogeographical configuration and movement of terranes. Permian conulariids are found in Australia, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Kashmir, China, Japan, Russia, Germany, Canada, United States of America, and Bolivia. The diversity of Permian conulariids is markedly higher in the polar regions than in the palaeoequatorial region.<br /><br />Permian conulariid genera include Notoconularia Thomas 1969, Gondaconularia Waterhouse 1986, Cheliconularia Waterhouse 1986, Neoconularia Sugiyama 1942, Calloconularia Sinclair 1952, Diconularia Sinclair 1952, Paraconularia Sinclair 1940, Mesoconularia Boucek 1939 and Conularia Sowerby 1821. This paper describes two new species of conulariids: Diconularia meadepeakensis sp. nov. from the Phosphoria Formation (Guadalupian), Idaho, USA and Paraconularia kazanensis sp. nov. from the Sokian Horizon (?Roadian), Volga Region, Russia.<br />