Factores asociados a complicaciones post quirúrgicas en pacientes adultos con obstrucción intestinal mecánica en Bogotá, Colombia, período 2008 - 2014


Autoria(s): Manrique Luna, Aura Carolina; Salazar García, Andrés Felipe
Contribuinte(s)

Carlos Enrique, Trillos

Data(s)

03/11/2014

Resumo

Introducción: La obstrucción intestinal es una patología de alta prevalencia e impacto en los servicios de cirugía general a nivel mundial. El manejo de esta entidad puede ser médico o quirúrgico. Cuando se requiere intervención quirúrgica, se busca evitar el desarrollo de isquemia intestinal y resecciones intestinales; durante el postoperatorio, pueden existir complicaciones. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar los factores asociados al desarrollo de complicaciones post operatorias en un grupo de pacientes con obstrucción intestinal mecánica llevados a manejo quirúrgico. Metodología: Estudio analítico tipo casos y controles en un grupo de pacientes con diagnóstico de obstrucción intestinal mecánica llevados a manejo quirúrgico de su patología. Los casos corresponden a los pacientes con complicaciones postoperatorias y los controles aquellos que no presentaron complicaciones. Se identificaron factores asociados a complicación post operatoria mediante modelos estadísticos bivariados y multivariados de regresión logística para factores como edad, sexo, antecedente quirúrgico, presentación clínica, paraclínica y diagnóstico postoperatorio de malignidad, entre otras. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 138 pacientes (54 casos y 129 controles). Los rangos de edad entre 55-66 años y mayor de 66 años fueron asociados con complicaciones postoperatorias (OR 3,87 IC95% 1,58-9,50 y OR 3,62 IC95% 1,45-9,08 respectivamente). El déficit de base inferior a 5 mEq/litro se relaciona con complicaciones postoperatorias (OR 2,64 IC95% 1.33-5,25) Otras pruebas de laboratorio, características radiológicas, hallazgos de malignidad en el postoperatorio y la evolución de los pacientes no fueron asociados con complicaciones. Conclusiones: Las disminución de las complicaciones durante el manejo quirúrgico de obstrucción intestinal mecánica continúa siendo un reto para la cirugía general. Factores no modificables como edad avanzada y modificables como el equilibrio ácido base deben ser tenidos en cuenta dada su correlación en el desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias.

Background: Bowel obstruction is a high prevalence pathology that has a big impact in the surgical services worldwide. One of the therapeutics approaches of this entity is the surgical management, which is intended to prevent the development of intestinal ischemia and bowel resections. However, it is a common postoperative complications in these patients. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with development of post surgical complications in patients with mechanical intestinal obstruction taken to surgical management. Methods: Case-control type study, in which patients with diagnosis of bowel obstruction undergoing surgical treatment, who presented surgical complications were taken as cases, and those who did not presented it were the controls. Factors associated with post surgical complications were identified through bivariate and multivariate logistic regression statistical models. Expected Results: To identify factors associated with the development of postoperative complications in patients with mechanical intestinal obstruction.: Results: When making the analysis for the association of complications, adjusted for sex and age, relationship between age between 55 to 66 years with an OR 3.87 and age older than 66 years with an OR of 3.62 is demonstrated (IC95% 1,58-9,50 and 1,45-9,08 respectively. In laboratory studies, it was found that a larger base deficit (lesser than <5) has a OR 2.64 (IC95% 1.33-5,25). Other clinical factors, laboratory, and radiological findings in the postoperative period, as well as the evolution of the patients did not show a clear association with the presence of complications in the postoperative period. Conclusions: Intestinal obstruction remains a difficult management entity, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality associated. Factors such an advanced age and the presence of metabolic acidosis, is associated with the presentation of postoperative complications in this study population.

Formato

application/pdf

Identificador

http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/10525

Idioma(s)

spa

Publicador

Facultad de medicina

Direitos

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Fonte

instname:Universidad del Rosario

reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR

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TEME

Palavras-Chave #616.432 #Obstrucción intestinal #Epidemiología #Contenido digestivo #Cirugía #Intestinal obstruction - Postoperative complications - Dilated bowel - Bowel adhesion
Tipo

info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis

info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion