Exposición acumulada de polvo respirable como predictor de enfermedad respiratoria


Autoria(s): Polo Alvarado, Bertha Eugenia
Contribuinte(s)

Idrovo Velandia, Álvaro Javier

Data(s)

01/12/2013

Resumo

En la minería de carbón se presenta exposición prolongada a polvo de carbón y a polvo de sílice en diferentes porcentajes, encontrándose una asociación con las alteraciones obstructivas, bronquitis crónica, Neumoconiosis de los trabajadores de carbón y Silicosis. Se han establecido varias formas de estimar el riesgo de desarrollar dichas enfermedades respiratorias no malignas secundarias a la exposición a estos polvos (carbón y sílice) en el ámbito ocupacional, siendo el cálculo de la exposición acumulada, la que ha demostrado mayor utilidad. Con el fin de establecer el riesgo de desarrollar alteraciones funcionales, a partir de la exposición acumulada de polvo respirable - y en los trabajadores de una empresa de minería a cielo abierto en Colombia, se estructuró este estudio de cohorte. Se contó con el registro de 566 trabajadores distribuidos en 29 Grupos de Exposición Similar (GES). El cálculo de la dosis acumulada se realizó considerando las medianas de exposición para cada GES y el tiempo de exposición de cada trabajador. Y posteriormente se estimó el riesgo empleando una regresión de poisson con varianza robusta. Los resultados más importantes del estudio muestran la exposición acumulada en niveles inferiores a los reportados en la literatura, sin embargo se encuentra un riesgo ligeramente elevado, IRR 1.000124 (IC95% 1 - 1.000248) en los expuestos, estimando que por cada unidad de medición de la exposición acumulada que se incremente, el riesgo de que aparezca una alteración respiratoria funcional se incrementa en 1.000124 veces entre los trabajadores expuestos y los no expuestos.

Piedrahita, Hugo

The prolonged exposure to total dust, coal dust and silica in an open mine has been associated to some pulmonary disease with a different risk according to the percentage of silica and coal in the total dust. Among the diseases associated to exposition to coal mine are coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, silicosis, chronic airways diseases and chronic bronchitis. The calculation of the cumulative exposure to these dusts (coal and silica) is which has proved to be the most useful parameter of estimate the risk of developing these non-malignant respiratory diseases among others. In order to establish the risk for nonmalignant respiratory diseases from exposure accumulated of respirable dust in workers of an opened mining company in Colombia we will raise this retrospective cohort study. Five hundred sixty six, 566, workers distributed in 29 Similar Exposure Group (SEG) integrated the study group. The calculation of the cumulative exposure was carried out considering the medium of exposure for each SEG and the exposure time of each worker and then we estimated the risk using a poisson regression with robust variance. The most important results of the study shows a level of cumulative exposure lower than those reported in the literature. There is a slightly elevated risk IRR 1.000124 (IC95%1 - 1.000248) in the group of workers exposed, estimating that by each unit of measurement of the exposure accumulated that is increase, the risk of that appears an alteration respiratory functional is increases in 1.000124 times between the workers exposed and not exposed.

Formato

application/pdf

Identificador

http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/8667

Idioma(s)

spa

Publicador

Universidad del Rosario. Escuela de Medicina

Direitos

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Fonte

instname:Universidad del Rosario

reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR

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Palavras-Chave #Occupational exposure, inhalation exposure, silica, coal mining, lung disease, respiration disorders, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive and pneumoconiosis.
Tipo

info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis

info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion