Efectividad de la vacuna acelular antipertussis en adolescentes: una revisión sistemática


Autoria(s): Niño Ruiz, Carmen Judith
Contribuinte(s)

Moron Duarte, Lina Sofia

Alvarez Larrañaga, Martha Isabel

Data(s)

13/06/2014

31/12/1969

Resumo

La incidencia de la tosferina ha mostrado un incremento en los últimos años; afectando predominantemente a los niños menores de 1 año, adolescentes y adultos. En el 2005 el Comité Asesor de Prácticas en Inmunización (ACIP) recomendó administrar una dosis de refuerzo de la vacuna acelular antipertussis a los adolescentes. Esta estrategia ha sido adoptada por distintos países. Sin embargo hasta el momento no existe una revisión sistemática que evalúe la efectividad de esta medida de prevención primaria. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de la literatura de artículos acerca de la efectividad de la vacuna acelular antipertussis como dosis de refuerzo en adolescentes. Resultados: La búsqueda inicial arrojó un total de 121 resultados, de los cuales solo 4 cumplieron los criterios de selección. Se evaluó en éstos, la inmunogenicidad generada contra tétanos y difteria por la vacuna Tdap vs Td con resultados significativos y similares. Además se documentó la respuesta inmunológica protectora generada por la Tdap contra tosferina. En cuanto a la reactogenicidad, en general fue baja. Discusión: La vacuna Tdap genera inmunogenicidad similar a la Td contra tétanos y difteria. Además proporciona adecuada protección contra la tosferina como dosis de refuerzo en los adolescentes. Conclusión: La evidencia disponible sugiere que se puede recomendar la vacuna Tdap como dosis de refuerzo en adolescentes entre los 10 y los 18 años de edad por su baja reactogenicidad y adecuada inmunogenicidad contra tétanos, difteria y B. Pertussis.

Introduction: Pertussis has been considered as one of the major pathologies before the start of vaccination. It was the main cause of pathologies responsible for infantile morbidity and mortality. In recent years, there has been an increment in the number of cases of pertussis, with displacement of the disease to infants under 1 year, teenagers and adults. Thus, in 2005, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended administering a booster shot of acellular pertussis vaccine for teenagers. This strategy has been adopted by different countries. Methods: Papers from the specialized literature have been queried in order to obtain information regarding the effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccine as a booster shot in teenagers. Results: An initial exploration revealed a total of 121 results, 26 papers were pre-selected and 4 were included in the review. They were classified as level of evidence Ib. The immunogenicity of the vaccine Tdap has been tested and compared with the Td. We note that, the responses of the booster shot by the Tdap for the difteria and tetanus are not inferior to those obtained via the Td vaccine. Moreover, the responses by the Tdap shot generate a significative response against specific antigens of the Bordetella Pertussis. The most common local adverse event was the pain, predominantly, in the group that received Tdap. Discussion: The immunogenicity of the Tdap is similar to that obtained by the Td against tetanus and diphtheria. In addition, the Tdap vaccine provides adequate protection against pertussis as a booster in adolescents. Conclusions: Available evidence supports the idea of Tdap vaccine as a booster shot in teenagers in the range of 10 and 18 years old. This obeys to the low reactogenicity and adequate immunogenicity against tetanus, diphtheria and B. pertussis.

Formato

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Identificador

http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/6363

Idioma(s)

spa

Publicador

Facultad de medicina

Direitos

info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess

Fonte

instname:Universidad del Rosario

reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR

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TEME

Palavras-Chave #Difteria - Vacunación #Tos ferina - Vacunación #Tétanos - Vacunación #616.93 #Vacuna contra Difteria, Tétanos y Tos Ferina #treatment outcome, pertussis vaccine, adolescent, teenagers, teens, boostrix, adacel.
Tipo

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info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion